Estimating the impact of the Norwegian Introduction Programme on integration using a Regression Kink Design (RKD): Pre-registration

The Introduction Programme offers language, employment and cultural training for new migrants in Norway. Attendance on the programme is mandatory for most refugees and family reunification migrants (with non-Nordic spouses). Migrants are given a special benefit for attendance (calculated by hours). The amount changes based on an age cut-off: under 25s earn benefits at 2/3 the rate of those over 25. Benefits are calculated per hour of programme attendance.The benefit age cut-off can be used to measure the effects of cash incentives on programme attendance and its knock-on effect on integration outcomes such as education and employment. We propose a Regression Kink Design (RKD) to answer our primary research questions:RQ1: What is the effect of the age-cut off (via benefit rate) on programme participation?RQ2: What is the effect of the age-cut off (via benefit rate) on integration outcomes inclusive of employment status, wages, and further education/ training?RQ3: What is the direct effect of programme participation on integration outcomes? This is estimated using the results of questions 1 and 2.RQ4: What is the variance in programme attendance effects across municipalities? This is looking at the effects identified in RQs 1 and 2 across different intervention sites.RQ5: Do heterogeneous effects exists for a) programme participation and b) integration outcome? This will involve subgroup analysis.RQ6: What are the effects of the changes in rights and obligations at age 55 on programme participation? Over 55s have the right but not the obligation to participate in the Introduction Programme.RQ6 is a scoping question; if a change in participation occurs around this age then this means that the age 55 cut-off can used for further studies (conditional on sample size).

Analysis of public transport demand in the Municipality of Stupnik

Public transport is the backbone of urban mobility, providing people with access to employment, education, trade and daily activities. It provides a special benefit to people who do not own a car and are dependent on well-organized public transport. The paper presents an analysis of the demand for public transport services in the Municipality of Stupnik, otherwise organized in the form of bus transport. The paper presents the methodology used, as well as the obtained results, and the associated discussion and conclusion.

Visualisation techniques in sport - the mental road map for success

Athletes of the highest level in many sports (athletics, football, baseball, tennis, golf, rugby, skiing, gymnastics, swimming, basketball etc.) talk about the importance of visualising technical execution both during the training period and in competition (during warm-ups, during breaks in official games, before throws, jumps, free kicks etc.). Visualisation techniques can improve motor skills, grow muscle strength, increase selfconfidence, attention concentration and decrease anxiety. Through the use of imagery, pain management, endurance, performance motivation and physical performance can also be enhanced in athletes. To achieve the best results, visualisation techniques should include the five major senses (touch, hearing, sight, smell and taste) and should consider key aspects such as perspective, emotion, environment, task and timing. Mental rehearsal (or visualisation) is powerful because the subconscious processes the experience as a real one (by firing those neurons that are responsible for skill acquisition), makes the person calmer and more adapted to stressful situations, and can speed up the learning process in athletes and not only. One hour of mental training a day in 6-10 sequences has a special benefit that cannot be obtained by any other means. By applying both guided imagery techniques and practice, athletes design their mental road maps for success.

Effects of Leasehold on Community Forest Association Benefits in Dryland Resources Management: A Case Study of Kibwezi Forest in Kenya

Aims: The aim of this paper was to investigate whether community forest association (CFA) get benefits as they conserve dryland forest that is also fully leased. Study Design: The paper adapted descriptive survey design. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between the year 2018 December and 2020 January in Kibwezi forest. Methodology: This study included 139 individuals who were issued with questionnaires (household survey) and 5 officials from forest department who were interviewed. Results: The questionnaires response rate was 96% since 134 questionnaires out 139 were returned. The introduction of leasehold significantly reduced benefits community forest association used to get. There is no significant association between being a member of Community Forest Association and getting employment in dryland forest conservation sinceChi square results were; χ2 =3.953, df=3, P=.267. Conclusion: There is no special benefit the Community Forest Association gets from conservation of Kibwezi forest. For community to participate in forest management that have been leased there should be incentives. In fully leased forest, community forest members should jointly work with Kenya Forest Service as per the Participatory Forest Management. To get desired results of community forest participation in dryland, different actors should come up with innovative ways of conferring benefits to the Community Forest Association and compel the lessee to adhere to the legal requirement of continued access of benefits to the communities as it was before the lease.

Piroxicam-Collagen-Based Sponges for Medical Applications

Depending on the concentration of the drug and/or the method of administration, drugs could be used in various ways. To take full advantage of the drug beneficial properties in oral medical interventions but also in other types of surgery, like plastic surgery, general surgery, or gynecological surgery, the drug concentration as well as the administration method itself will depend on the wound, type of surgery, and severity of the postoperative pain which can be very different. Generally, the local administration methods are recommended. Piroxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class, is generally used to relieve the symptoms of pain and inflammation. Starting from the idea of the special benefit of the interference between collagen-based materials and drug beneficial properties, our work was focused on the synthesis and characterization of new collagen-piroxicam materials. These new collagen-based materials present a good water absorption, and the piroxicam release suggests a biphasic drug release profile whereas the obtained values for the release exponent revealed a complex release mechanism including swelling, diffusion, and erosion.

ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PEMBELIAN JERUK KINTAMANI DI KOTA DENPASAR

The objectives of this research were to analyze the factor which influence of consumer decision to buy Kintamani orange. This research were using a factor analyze by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25.0. The data obtained from the questionnaire which spread to the consumer of Kintamani orange. The results show that there are 24 variable divided into 5 factor which influence of consumer decision to buy Kintamani orange. The five factors are characteristic of orange corresponding to the price and competitor, benefit and quality corresponding to the price and product category, the origin of orange corresponding to benefit and consumer perception, the category of orange consumen, and the orange resistance. The factor that the most influence of consumer decision to buy Kintamani orange is taste (The taste of Kintamani orange is a mixture of sweet and sour). The research proposed are to an information to people about Kintamani orange, and an information to the orange farmer and seller of Kintamani orange about the the factor and the main factor that influence consumer to buy Kintamani orange and the special benefit is as a reference knowledge to academic student. Keywords: kintamani orange, factor analyze, consumer decision, strategy proposed

The Structure of Thresholds for Options

Most of us accept that, even if morality requires us to promote the good, we do not have to live up to its demands all the time. Sometimes we can favor our own interests, or provide special benefit to our friends and family. This paper assumes that these options can be overridden if we pass a certain threshold and asks if there is a common structure between these thresholds for options and the thresholds for rights. This moderate deontological account allows for aggregation in considering the total amount at stake, but also requires that the good be structured in a certain way. In the case of rights, there are two relevant structural constraints: an existential constraint (some individual must have as much at stake as the right bearer), and a universal constraint (everyone being considered must have some minimum amount at stake). Both of these constraints also apply to thresholds for options.

The Benefits of a Functional View

On a functional view, all cases in which custody is challenged by a person seeking a judicial determination of its legality are habeas corpus cases regardless of formal nomenclature. Adopting this view, which flows from historical research into what common law courts actually did, would: — expand the universe of cases argued to and relied upon by the Supreme Court in Suspension Clause cases — teach lower courts to focus on facts ascertained by direct investigation and do justice in the case at hand, rather than seeking to make sweeping legal pronouncements — be of special benefit in national security cases, as illustrated in 2008 by United States District Court for the District of Columba proceedings before Judge Richard J. Leon involving Guantanamo Bay detainee Lakhdar Boumediene following the Supreme Court’s remand in Boumediene v. Bush.