scholarly journals Estimating the impact of the Norwegian Introduction Programme on integration using a Regression Kink Design (RKD): Pre-registration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Le Zhang ◽  
Henrik Lindegaard Andersen ◽  
Liv Osland
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Cultural Training ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Programme Participation ◽  
Regression Kink Design ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Benefit

The Introduction Programme offers language, employment and cultural training for new migrants in Norway. Attendance on the programme is mandatory for most refugees and family reunification migrants (with non-Nordic spouses). Migrants are given a special benefit for attendance (calculated by hours). The amount changes based on an age cut-off: under 25s earn benefits at 2/3 the rate of those over 25. Benefits are calculated per hour of programme attendance.The benefit age cut-off can be used to measure the effects of cash incentives on programme attendance and its knock-on effect on integration outcomes such as education and employment. We propose a Regression Kink Design (RKD) to answer our primary research questions:RQ1: What is the effect of the age-cut off (via benefit rate) on programme participation?RQ2: What is the effect of the age-cut off (via benefit rate) on integration outcomes inclusive of employment status, wages, and further education/ training?RQ3: What is the direct effect of programme participation on integration outcomes? This is estimated using the results of questions 1 and 2.RQ4: What is the variance in programme attendance effects across municipalities? This is looking at the effects identified in RQs 1 and 2 across different intervention sites.RQ5: Do heterogeneous effects exists for a) programme participation and b) integration outcome? This will involve subgroup analysis.RQ6: What are the effects of the changes in rights and obligations at age 55 on programme participation? Over 55s have the right but not the obligation to participate in the Introduction Programme.RQ6 is a scoping question; if a change in participation occurs around this age then this means that the age 55 cut-off can used for further studies (conditional on sample size).

Caregiver work modifications: A hidden cost of cancer care.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 190-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Blackmon ◽  
Janice Bell ◽  
Robin L. Whitney ◽  
Sarah C. Reed ◽  
Katherine Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Hidden Cost ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Caregiving Roles ◽  
The Impact

190 Background: Recent national reports highlight the dramatically rising costs of cancer care and its impact on financial hardship among survivors. Comparatively little attention, however, has been paid to the contributions of family and friends in unpaid caregiving roles—specifically, the impact of caregiving on caregivers jobs and work life. Methods: Using data collected in the 2012 LIVESTRONG Survey of People Affected by Cancer, we examined the prevalence of cancer survivors reporting that they had a friend or family member providing care to them during or after cancer treatment. Then, among those reporting they had a caregiver employed at that time, we used logistic regression to examine caregiver work modifications (i.e., paid time, unpaid time off, changing hours or duties, or making a change in employment status. All models controlled for survivor age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education and employment status as potential predictors. Results: Of the respondents (n = 6310), 88% reported a family member or friend provided care as follows (in non-mutually exclusive categories): spouses (64%), friends (47%), parents (40%), siblings (31%), children (28%) or other family member (14%). Among survivors with employed caregivers (n = 4,984), 41% reported that their caregiver made a work modification; of these 57% took paid time off, 41% took unpaid time off, 4% switched from full time to part time and 3% took early retirement. Caregivers were more likely to make work modifications for survivors with low (versus high) income or education and for unemployed (versus employed) survivors. The age of the survivor was also a significant factor, with caregivers making more work modifications for younger survivors (ages 18-64) compared to older survivors (age > 65)—with ORs of caregiver work modfications increasing from 1.70 to 6.92 in a dose response by survivor age. Conclusions: Family and friends provide care to a majority of individuals with cancer and many make substantial modifications to their work—contributions which are not routinely counted in estimates of the cost of cancer care. Interventions may be warranted to support caregivers, particular those of survivors with lower income, less education and those of younger age.

scholarly journals Family factors and Helicobacter pylori infection in schoolchildren in the Republic of Tuva with a high prevalence of gastric cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Tamara V. Polivanova ◽  
Vitaliy A. Vshivkov
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To study the prevalence of H. pylori in Tuva schoolchildren with gastrointestinal manifestations and to assess the impact of the number of children in the family, education, and employment status of parents on its indices. Materials and methods. The study of H. pylori infection in 270 students aged 7-17 years (123 Caucasian, 147 Tuvans) with gastrointestinal complaints there was used morphological method, considering the affiliation of a microorganism to a CagA strain in the Republic of Tuva and evaluation of the influence of family factors on the level of bacterial invasion in children. The study groups were formed by random selection from among children with complaints in a cross-sectional clinical examination of 1535 schoolchildren. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Pearson Chi-square criterion and logistic regression analysis - calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The infection rate of H. pylori in Tuva schoolchildren accounted of 55.9%. Younger Tuvans had higher infection rates, indicating earlier bacterial infestation. In more than half of the cases in schoolchildren, the bacterium was identified to belong to the CagA strain, and in both ethnic populations. Among the factors considered, a positive influence of the mother’s higher education (0.33 (0.11-0.96), p = 0.043), and her social status (working profession: 3.87 (1.33-11.29), p = 0.014) on the infection rate was found in the population of Caucasians. The father’s education and employment status did not play a significant role. In the population of Tuvans, there was no association between the studied factors and the level of infection. Conclusion. In the Republic of Tuva, there is a high infection rate of H. pylori with the predominant belonging of the bacterium to the CagA strain, which is typical for territories with low sanitary and socio-economic living standards of the population. There are ethnic features of the influence of family factors on the infection rates of schoolchildren.

Identity, Hard Sums and Butterflies

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Catherine Byrne ◽  
Brian Bowe ◽  
Michael Carr
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Prison Education ◽  
Identity Change ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
National Certification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This article examines mathematics education in the Irish prison system, and the impact that learning mathematics and receiving certification has on the identity of those studying so-called ‘hard sums.' It describes the lived experiences of people who have taken classes in prison, reflects on why they came to these classes to begin with, charts their emotions, and how they express their new identities as students. This article draws from earlier studies into the experiences of former prisoners who are currently engaged in higher level education, and who reflected on the effects that learning had on their identities: as parents, as sons or daughters, as citizens, as students. The article looks at how their experiences contrast with the experiences of other mature students returning to education in other higher and further education settings. National certification is available to everyone attending education in prison in Ireland, and this article reflects on the impact that certification has on the identity of the prisoner. It will show that in prison, a small step in the right direction at the right time can lead to identity change, akin to a transformation from cocoon to butterfly. The author has taught for many years in prison education centres, and is currently researching mathematics education in prisons, from different perspectives including mathematical self-efficacy, grit and resilience and the impact of mathematics education on the identity of the individual.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1199
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.

The Right to Housing: Challenges Associated with the ‘Waiting List System’ Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality V Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 5 2014 3 SA 23 (SCA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Shamier Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
The State ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal

The right to adequate housing is a constitutional imperative which is contained in section 26 of the Constitution. The state is tasked with the progressive realisation of this right. The allocation of housing has been plagued with challenges which impact negatively on the allocation process. This note analyses Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 51 which dealt with a situation where one of the main reasons provided by the Supreme Court of Appeal for refusing the eviction order was because the appellants subjected the unlawful occupiers to defective waiting lists and failed to engage with the community regarding the compilation of the lists and the criteria used to identify beneficiaries. This case brings to the fore the importance of a coherent (reasonable) waiting list in eviction proceedings. This note further analyses the impact of the waiting list system in eviction proceedings and makes recommendations regarding what would constitute a coherent (reasonable) waiting list for the purpose of section 26(2) of the Constitution.

Influence Of Demographic Variables On Choice Of Media

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Sugandha Shekhar Thakur ◽  
Dr Sachin Sinha ◽  
Dr Deepti Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Common ◽  
Media Habits ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Immense Potential

Media is considered to be the fourth pillar of democracy. Mass media in particular has immense potential to shape the attitudes of the common masses. With the passage of time, media is becoming an all-powerful engine of social change. It plays the role a catalyst in churning the minds of the masses. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the news items brought to the knowledge of the public pay a strong role in creating a mandate. People have varied choices when it comes to their media habits. They are greatly influenced by their socio-economic background and educational exposure. This paper aims to identify the influence of demographic variables like gender, age, education and employment status on the choice of media.  The paper also highlights the current and emerging media habits of people.

Global tolerance and its impact on peace

2019 ◽  
pp. 247-284
Author(s):  
م.د.فاتن محمد رزاق
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
International Community ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Democracy And Education ◽  
Moral Necessity ◽  
International Identity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The concept of tolerance is gaining its importance in the midst of an international society suffering from violence, wars and internal and international crises. It is practiced by extremist and extremist forces and movements acting in the name of religion to exclude the different Muslim and non-Muslim people according to the unethical practices and methodologies of Islamic law and reality. , Cultural, civilization .. that distinguish our world today. The society today is suffering from the ideas of the intellectual and aesthetic views of the different ideologically, ethnically, culturally and religiously in the world of the South. This is what the end-of-history thesis of Fukuyama and the clash of civilizations represented to Huntington. Therefore, it is necessary to confront these extremist and extremist ideas and behaviors. Peace, security and freedom in the international community of justice and equality, needs to be addressed intellectual, cultural, moral and political before they are legal, these treatments are based on dialogue and cooperation and trust and respect and mutual recognition and tolerance so we find the importance of tolerance to The international community is concerned about the need for mechanisms that confront terrorism and violence with an ideology based on respect for the right of diversity, diversity and pluralism. Accordingly, tolerance is a political, cultural and moral necessity based on international legal foundations represented by the United Nations. Through its conferences, declarations and international resolutions issued by it and its specialized agencies, culminating in the Universal Declaration of Tolerance and the International Day of International Peace, and the political foundations represented by democracy and global citizenship that respects all identities and seeks to respect the rights of other identities under the umbrella of international identity Nsanhuahdh respects everyone, a society with a humanitarian goal of a global civil and Ahdlaaaraf borders and the identity of certain Qomahdolh, cultural and educational foundations through plans and programs with educational encourage a spirit of tolerance and world peace. The study was divided into three topics: the first dealt with the concept of tolerance and world peace, and the second topic dealt with the impact of international law and citizenship. In the promotion of world peace "as one of the elements of global tolerance. The last topic included" the role of democracy and education education "in the promotion of world peace and concluded the study by conclusion.

The impact of formality on firm profitability in Bolivia: an heterogeneous assessment

2012 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Darwin Ugarte Ontiveros
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Formal Status

Recent evidence suggests that formality improves micro-firms profits in Bolivia. This gain is only for firms with 2 to 5 workers, while smaller and larger firms would lose out by formalizing (McKenzie and Sakho, 2010). However, as much of the empirical literature on this topic, the estimations are based on strong assumptions about unobservables. If the returns to formality vary among firms and these variations influence selection into formality, traditional estimators are biased (Heckman and Vytlacil, 2007). In this paper we considerthese elements to estimate the heterogeneous effects of formality on firm profits in Bolivia. We find remarkable heterogeneity in the returns to formality, from -3% to 6%. The group of firms with positive marginal effects from formality corresponds to those which are most likely to register. We also characterize the firms that likely benefit from having a formal status. These would correspond to large firms which work at big scales.

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