Peripheral Banking System Fragility and its Effect on EMU Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism

This article evaluates the transmission through intermediaries taking into consideration the dichotomy between peripheral and core banking systems with regards to the ECB’s standard and non-standard measures of monetary policy by the use of “shadow rate” as an indicator of the monetary policy stance. Bank sector is represented by lending surveys data (BLS) which contain robust quarterly information on changes in loan terms, conditions and standards for both firms and households. By using a Factor Augmented VAR (FAVAR) methodology, we conclude that our model performs well, but it only contradicts the predictions of theory as far as it concerns the credit volume impulse responses functions (IRFs). Selecting a sample of core and peripheral banking systems to apply our methodology, we find the theoretical predictions are confirmed only when the peripheral banking systems are neutralized, indicating that the erratic behaviour of IRFs results from the periphery’s banking system inclusion. We conclude that dislocation in the peripheral segment of European banking system impairs seriously the monetary policy transmission mechanism and, importantly, steps should be undertaken towards risk-sharing in EMU and risk reduction in peripheral banking systems to cure banking system imbalances in the context of EMU.

WSN Based on Bio-Inspired Algorithm in Cluster Head Formation

A sort of inclusion improvement technique dependent on bio-inspired algorithm was implemented so as to fathom the irrationality and low system inclusion of sensor hub in WSN at the irregular dispersion. Right off the bat, the ebb and flow investigate status of WSN inclusion was broke down, the hub inclusion and territorial inclusion in WSN on the premise were examined, the comparing scientific model was set up, the bio-enlivened calculation was taken to tackle the built up numerical model, and the WSN inclusion advancement program dependent on the bio-roused was gotten. At last, MATLAB was utilized for the recreation analyses, and the reproduction results demonstrated that the presentation of bio-motivated calculation improved the hub inclusion in WSN viably; the inclusion territory was huger at a similar measure of hubs. In addition, the calculation can get the ideal arrangement in the worldwide extension, and arrive at the better system inclusion advancement impact with less sensor hubs, and the quantity of cycles was diminished altogether.

Profit Enhancement of Rice-based Production System through Lac Enterprise

Jharkhand agriculture a rainfed one characterized with ninety percent cultivable area monocropped with rice only. On one hand there is need to enhance productivity of agricultural crop, other hand priority should be given for profit enhancement. Lac is a major source of rural livelihood in Jharkhand. Major lac host species like Butea monosperma (palash), Zizyphus mauritiana (ber) and Schleichera oleosa (kusum)are available in plenty in forest as well as on own gravel upland which is otherwise not under cultivation and are wasteland. Diversifying the existing agriculture system through inclusion o lac not only enhances the profit margin of the production system but also developed entrepreneurial behavior of the main actor of the system. In this background lac cultivation interventions was introduced in rice based monocropping system. Inclusion of Lac on abandoned tree of Butea monosperma and Zizyphus mauritiana fetch good economic return to the farm families with net return of Rs. 25090 per hectare and Rs. 7480/ha respectively from kusumi lac on and rangeeni lac, whereas in upland rice net return was only Rs. 3804/ha. The benefit per rupee of investment is lowest in case of growing only rice with Rs. 2.08 and maximum benefit was Rs. 5.14 in case of lac on ber. Lac cultivation on different host trees were compaered and it was found that benefit per rupee of investment were Rs. 3.59, 4.83, and 2.41. and 2.08 respectively in rice with lac cultivation of rangeeni on palash, rice with kusumi lac on ber, rice with lac on palash and ber in alternate season and cultivation of only rice crop. Organizing Lac cooperative and input bank at kisan club proved a pivot in better management of produce and ensuring local availability of brood lac.

Krónikus légzőszervi betegek tápláltsági állapotának vizsgálata – klinikai megfigyelések

Introduction: The increased metabolism of nutrients and the low energy intake may lead to malnutrition among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Aim: The goal of our study was to examine the nutritional status of our population aged over 40, and its relationship with the severity of the disease. Method: We conducted a retrospective study at the National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology in 2017. Pulmonary function and anthropometric data were obtained from the electronic health record system. Inclusion criteria were age over 40 and the diagnosis of COPD. Severity of disease was assessed by forced expiration volume and categorized according to GOLD stages. We used SPSS Statistics V22.0 for data analysis. Results: The mean age of participants was 66; 49.3% were men, 50.7% were women. Average BMI was 27.14 kg/m², with values comprising cachexia and severe obesity. According to the FEV1%pred results of the 3236 patients, 30% fell in the GOLD I, 40% in the GOLD II, 23% in the GOLD III, and 7% in the GOLD IV categories. Pearson coefficient found positive correlation between FEV1 and nutritional status (H = 0.2297, r = 0.1401), specifically between severity of cachexia and severity of disease. The analysis of variance showed significant correlation between severity of disease and nutritional status; patients with higher BMI had better pulmonary function. Conclusion: Malnutrition had an adverse effect on pulmonary functions and performance of respiratory muscles, whereas higher BMI had a positive effect on FEV1. Our results suggest that BMI could be used as a lung function prognostic indicator for COPD patients. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(23): 908–913.

Cervical Enamel Projections and Enamel Pearls in a Collection of Australian Extracted Molars

Cervical enamel pearls (CEPs) and enamel pearls (EPs) are generally located on permanent molars. They are detected less frequently in Caucasian than in Mongoloid teeth. No data are available documenting these features in teeth collected in Australia. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and degree of expression of CEPs and EPs in a large sample of Caucasian deciduous and permanent extracted dried molars. The molars were scored for CEPs and EPs. Scoring of CEPs was based on the classification system of Zee et al. (1991). Genuine CEPs were observed in 19.1% of the 282 deciduous molars and 44.0% of 2827 permanent molars examined. In deciduous molars, CEPs were regularly seen on the lingual surface of mandibular second molars, with the Grade I type being most common. In permanent molars, CEPs were generally seen on the buccal surface of mandibular second molars, with the Grade III being the most frequent. External composite EPs were observed in 1.1% of deciduous molars and 3.3% of permanent molars being examined. EPs in permanent molars were frequently detected in maxillary third molars on the distal or mesial surfaces. The results obtained in this study are in broad agreement with previous investigations of Caucasian extracted molars. However, we noted a higher frequency of CEPs in permanent molars than did other studies and found that the Grade III type of CEP occurred most frequently. A modification is proposed to the Zee et al. (1991) scoring system: inclusion of Grade IIIc being a CEP consisting of droplets of enamel streaming toward the furcation. CEPs and EPs are of clinical importance, as they have been implicated as contributing factors in localized periodontal lesions.

Sustainability in the German School System: Inclusion of Minorities into the Teacher Education Workforce

There is no doubt about the necessity for the inclusion and the integration of minority groups in German school system. Although there are different recognised politics and developments within the school policy of the 16 federal states in Germany, there are also common important political issues. While heterogeneity in minority groups is emphasised, the under-representation of minority groups in the education workforce can also be recognised. Of course, this can be seen not only as a matter of social justice, but also as a question of a responsible integration-policy by the (national) state, its political system, institutions, and culture. The present study outlines the problems and chances which are connected with the practical work of teachers with a migration background for the school service in Germany. In addition, examples of good practice in aspects of networks and mentoring, information and awareness-raising are indicated.

The governance of geographical indications

Purpose Place-based foodstuffs have gained salience in markets worldwide and geographical indication (GI) products are prominent examples. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the governance (formal and informal institutions) of the European and Japanese GI schemes, discuss the variety of procedures of implementing the features of the governance system (inclusion and exclusion of actors) for six GI cases and reflect on future GI governance. Design/methodology/approach The criteria for assessing the six cases were descriptive and analytical and the information and data come from official documents, literature (scientific and “grey”), interviews, observations and personal communications with key-informants of the GI systems. Three of the cases are categorized as “failures” and are included to provide more insights on the diverse dynamics of GI systems. Findings Registration of GIs seems to be a process rather than a single step, requesting coordination and consensus and an interplay between internal and external actors. “Success” and “failure” are relative and related to self-governance processes and the openness of the social system of the GI to establish transparency on inclusion and exclusion. GI systems require constant management and re-definition of production quality or geographical boundaries to adapt to market, climate or technological change. Originality/value The paper introduces GI systems categorized as “failures” (either products that did not register as GIs in the end or did register but failed to keep the registration) which provides more insights on how to design and manage complex GI systems.

In the Drink: A Review of Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Water-Related Activities in the Top End region, Northern Territory, Australia

Study/Objective A 10-year descriptive analysis of morbidity and mortality associated with water-related activities in the Top End, Northern Territory (NT), Australia. Background An outdoor, water-orientated lifestyle characterises the Top End due to its tropical climate, lengthy coastline, many inland-waterways, and common domestic-pool ownership. However, the water holds many dangers: from drowning to the prospect of crocodile attacks. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from two sources: the Trauma Registry (TR), Royal Darwin Hospital, NT and the National Coronial Information System. Inclusion criteria: all mortality or injury with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥9 from water-related activity in the Top End. Exclusion criteria: envenomation. Data included: demographics, geographical location, time/mechanism of injury, injury narrative/outcome, alcohol consumption, ISS, and Indigenous race. Results Ninety-five deaths occurred from 1/1/2005–12/31/2014; 87 prehospital (92%). The leading three mechanisms of injury for the 138 TR admissions were drowning (40%), falling/diving (35%), and watercraft events (14%). Median age 27 (0-90); 78% males. There were 74 children (<16 years) including 20 deaths. Indigenous Australians represent 30% of the NT population, but had 43% of deaths and 12% of admissions. Deaths from crocodile attacks are increasing with 14 deaths from 2005-2014, compared to 10 deaths from 1971-2004 (Caldicutt). Alcohol was recorded in 31% of admissions and 52% of deaths in those age >16. The Top End’s crude rate of drowning averaged over 10 years was 4.36/100,000/annum, compared to 1.31/100,000/annum in Australia. Conclusion Alcohol plays a major role in the Top End’s water-related harm, associated with all mechanisms and over one-half of adult deaths. Also striking is increasing crocodile fatalities, possibly caused by population recovery from endangered to plentiful, since hunting ceased in 1971. Local authorities/advocates push water-safety and crocodile-awareness programs. However, the lure of tropical waters combined with alcohol remains a risk to life and limb. Further public health campaigns focusing on these issues are called for.