The semantic network of temperature

The present study investigates the relation between temperature and non-sensory domains conceptually close to it. Observing metaphorical extensions of the Italian basic temperature terms caldo ‘hot’ and freddo ‘cold’, individuated through a collocational analysis performed on the ItTenTen16 corpus, mental operations responsible for the association of temperature with other domains are assessed. Interestingly, many associations are first elaborated onto warmth/heat and then used to map concepts onto cold. Although conceptual associations are primarily motivated by embodiment, in some cases they stem from a shared “vertical” image-schematic structure: warmth and heat are up, while cold is down on the axis, resembling the configuration of other domains with a positive/negative orientation (e.g., good/bad). A visual representation of the semantic network of temperature highlights that domains associated with temperature are mirrored in its two poles: for instance, high and low temperature are associated, respectively, with friendliness and unfriendliness.

Thermomechanical Behavior of Bone-Shaped SWCNT/Polyethylene Nanocomposites via Molecular Dynamics

In the present study, the thermomechanical effects of adding a newly proposed nanoparticle within a polymer matrix such as polyethylene are being investigated. The nanoparticle is formed by a typical single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and two equivalent giant carbon fullerenes that are attached with the nanotube edges through covalent bonds. In this way, a bone-shaped nanofiber is developed that may offer enhanced thermomechanical characteristics when used as a polymer filler, due to each unique shape and chemical nature. The investigation is based on molecular dynamics simulations of the tensile stress–strain response of polymer nanocomposites under a variety of temperatures. The thermomechanical behavior of the bone-shaped nanofiber-reinforced polyethylene is compared with that of an equivalent nanocomposite filled with ordinary capped single-walled carbon nanotubes, in order to reach some coherent fundamental conclusions. The study focuses on the evaluation of some basic, temperature-dependent properties of the nanocomposite reinforced with these innovative bone-shaped allotropes of carbon.

Blood transportation using multi-vehicle systems; optimal blood transport temperature in terms of hemolysis

Recently, the use of drones has been proposed for blood transportation. Therefore, in this review, we first detailed the history of blood storage and transportation for red blood cell transfusion, and then presented ideas for creating rules to improve the safety of blood transportation, based on the idea that hemolysis is the problem for blood quality. In particular, it touches on the current logistics of blood transportation in which public transportation is not used, including the recent use of drones to transport blood, and points out the problems with this system. We discuss how instances of improper red blood cell transportation with inadequate temperature control are still observed, and that temperature control, vibration remain the major hindrances to appropriate blood transportation. Therefore, a set of rules that will contribute to appropriate and rapid blood transportation is warranted. Moreover, there are notable differences in blood storage rule between Japan and the US and UK, and there is no legal transportation rule in Japan. Based on our review and experience, we think that basic temperature control at 2–6°C should always be maintained to prevent blood deterioration even if unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) technologies are available.

Blood transportation using multi-vehicle systems; optimal blood transport temperature in terms of hemolysis

Recently, the use of drones has been proposed for blood transportation. Therefore, in this review, we first detailed the history of blood storage and transportation for red blood cell transfusion, and then presented ideas for creating rules to improve the safety of blood transportation, based on the idea that hemolysis is the problem for blood quality. In particular, it touches on the current logistics of blood transportation in which public transportation is not used, including the recent use of drones to transport blood, and points out the problems with this system. We discuss how instances of improper red blood cell transportation with inadequate temperature control are still observed, and that temperature control, vibration remain the major hindrances to appropriate blood transportation. Therefore, a set of rules that will contribute to appropriate and rapid blood transportation is warranted. Moreover, there are notable differences in blood storage rule between Japan and the US and UK, and there is no legal transportation rule in Japan. Based on our review and experience, we think that basic temperature control at 2–6°C should always be maintained to prevent blood deterioration even if unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) technologies are available.

Effect of nonlinear temperature and concentration profiles on the stability of a layer of fluid with chemical reaction

Investigation of the onset of thermosolutal convection with chemical reaction is carried out for different types of basic temperature and concentration gradients using linear theory and energy method. An unconditional non-linear stability with exponential decay of finite amplitude perturbations is achieved and the Galerkin technique is utilized to solve the resulting Eigen-value problem obtained from linear and non-linear analysis. The numerical scheme is validated with existing results and the results are obtained for linear, parabolic, inverted parabolic, piecewise linear, oscillatory and step-function profiles of temperature and concentration gradients. The linear and non-linear results show the existence of subcritical instability.

Domates (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Bitkisinin Büyüme Derece-Gün Değerlerinin Modellenmesi: Çukurova Yöresi Örneği

In this study, tomato plant, which is among the most grown vegetables in our country, was chosen as the subject of the research. In the production of tomato, Çukurova region has an increasing production potential in recent years. Therefore, Çukurova region was chosen as the study area. In this study, the long-term temperature and rainfall values of the provinces in the research area constituted the material of the study. Growing Degree-Day (GDD) method was used in the study. The base temperatures were selected for the developmental stages of the tomato plant. GDD values were calculated according to the base temperature values of tomato plant in the developmental periods. The calculated values were examined and the suitability of the provinces in the research area was determined. In line with this information, it was concluded that the province of Mersin stands out. Predetermination of crop production areas and production according to these areas will affect the yield positively. Therefore, the increase of the producer's income will also contribute to the national economy in a positive way. In addition, multiple nonlinear regression equations were developed according to the basic temperature values selected for the growth stages of tomato plant. As a result, by using these equations, it was concluded that the variables that affect GDD values of tomato plant will be informed about the development of tomato in advance.

Discrete temperature values in the sintering process as a BaTiO3-ceramics properties parameter

In this paper, we develop the new physical-mathematical time scale approach-model applied to BaTiO3-ceramics. At the beginning, a time scale is defined to be an arbitrary closed subset of the real numbers R, with the standard inherited topology. The time scale mathematical examples include real numbers R, natural numbers N, integers Z, the Cantor set (i.e. fractals), and any finite union of closed intervals of R. Calculus on time scales (TSC) was established in 1988 by Stefan Hilger. TSC, by construction, is used to describe the complex process. This method may be utilized for a description of physical, material (crystal growth kinetics, physical chemistry kinetics - for example, kinetics of barium-titanate synthesis), bio-chemical or similar systems and represents a major challenge for nowadays contemporary scientists. Generally speaking, such processes may be described by a discrete time scale. Reasonably it could be assumed that such a ?scenario? is possible for discrete temperature values as a consolidation parameter which is the basic ceramics description properties. In this work, BaTiO3-ceramics discrete temperature as thermodynamics parameter with temperature step h and the basic temperature point a is investigated. Instead of derivations, it is used backward differences with respect to temperature. The main conclusion is made towards ceramics materials temperature as description parameter.

The Effect of Spatially Nonuniform Internal Heating on the Onset of Convection in a Horizontal Fluid Layer

In this paper, we investigated the onset of natural convection in a horizontal fluid layer due to nonuniform internal heat generation, which is relevant to a number of geophysical situations. We investigated a number of special cases, which we believe are paradigmatic. Those include linear, quadratic, concentrated, and exponential source strength distributions. Our results show that those situations that lead to a reduction/increase in the size of the region in which the basic temperature gradient is destabilizing lead to an increase/decrease in stability.

Thermal Convection Induced by an Infinitesimally Thin and Unstably Stratified Layer

We examine the linear stability analysis of the equations governing Rayleigh–Bénard convection flows when the basic temperature profile is unstably stratified solely over a thin horizontal slice of the fluid region. We conduct both asymptotic and numerical analyses on three distinct shapes of the basic temperature: (i) a hyperbolic tangent profile, (ii) a piecewise linear profile and (iii) a step-function profile. In the first two cases, the thin unstably stratified layer is centrally located. The presence of stably stratified regions below and above the central layer diminishes the effect of the velocity and thermal boundary layers that form at the plates. This in turn allows for the analysis of the convection process without the constraints of the horizontal boundaries to be simulated in a finite domain. We obtain expressions for the threshold parameters for convection onset as well as flow features as function of the thickness of the unstably stratified layer. In the limit of a vanishingly small thickness, the hyperbolic tangent profile tends to a step-function profile with a heavy top layer overlying a lighter bottom layer. These two layers are separated by an interface where a jump in density occurs. This situation resembles the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of a horizontal interface except that neither is the interface free nor is the buoyancy diffusion absent. The exploration of this case uncovers new instability threshold values and flow patterns. Finally, we discuss some relevant applications.