470 Celsius Packaging System for Silicon Carbide Electronics

High temperature Silicon Carbide (SiC) integrated circuit (IC) processes have enabled devices that operate at >450°C for more than a year. These results have established the need for more advanced and practical packaging strategies. Off the shelf state of the art packages cannot withstand the same high temperatures as the semiconductor can for long periods of time. Packaging SiC die to survive temperatures >450°C, while also maintaining a reasonable packaging strategy that is agile, rapid, and modular, presents new challenges. Presented is a technique for packaging SiC die with a focus on additive manufacturing, modular design scaling, and rugged survivability. This packaging strategy utilizes state of the art Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods, using an nScrypt 3Dn-Tabletop printer, together with stereolithography (SLA) digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Ultra-violet (UV) curable ceramic resins are used to create high temperature connectors. A design environment is also described, in which first time correct, interconnect layers are verified in software to reduce the risk of errors. A Ceramic Wiring Board Process Design Kit (CWBPDK) allows the design of single or multiple layers of metal, with fabricated SiC die. This interconnect is verified with standard design rule checking (DRC) and layout vs. schematic (LVS) software. Entire systems in packages can be verified using multiple SiC die. Input and output pins (I/O) are connected to these modules using metal connectors. After design, manufacturing can be performed in just a few days. A system in package for driving a stepper motor was designed and fabricated using this packaging method. The motor actuator design utilizes four separate SiC die. These die contain large JFETs designed for sourcing current in a unipolar stepper motor architecture. This module was placed in a furnace at 470°C and demonstrated functional operation for over 1000 hours. These devices were able to source an average of 30 mA in >400°C temperatures to drive the room temperature stepper motor. A high I/O count, next generation package for discrete SiC chips was also designed using this packaging system. A single large JFET component was soaked for over 100 hours at both 500°C and 800°C. Utilizing Ozark IC’s automated test design environment, several DC and transient variables were captured for both tests and will be presented.

Evolution of DNA packaging in gene transfer agents

Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are virus-like particles encoded and produced by many bacteria and archaea. Unlike viruses, GTAs package fragments of the host genome instead of the genes that encode the components of the GTA itself. As a result of this non-specific DNA packaging, GTAs can transfer genes within bacterial and archaeal communities. GTAs clearly evolved from viruses and are thought to have been maintained in prokaryotic genomes due to the advantages associated with their DNA transfer capacity. The most-studied GTA is produced by the alphaproteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcGTA), which packages random portions of the host genome at a lower DNA density than usually observed in tailed bacterial viruses. How the DNA packaging properties of RcGTA evolved from those of the ancestral virus remains unknown. To address this question, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the large subunit of the terminase (TerL), a highly conserved enzyme used by viruses and GTAs to package DNA. We found that RcGTA-like TerLs grouped within viruses that employ the headful packaging strategy. Because distinct mechanisms of viral DNA packaging correspond to differences in the TerL amino acid sequence, our finding suggests that RcGTA evolved from a headful packaging virus. Headful packaging is the least sequence-specific mode of DNA packaging, which would facilitate the switch from packaging of the viral genome to packaging random pieces of the host genome during GTA evolution.

Impact of Packaging Strategy of Lays Product on Consumer Buying Behavior with Special Reference to Navi Mumbai City

In the era of globalization the cosmetic goods are becoming quite popular amongst all the classes of the consumers. Both supply and demand sides are showing positive response to the changing marketing scenario. The packaging strategy have become prominent in most of the cities. Consumers become very choosy about different snacks products; in that young consumer have choosy for good taste. The Title of this research paper “Impact of Packaging Strategy of Lays Product on Consumer Buying Behavior with special reference to Navi Mumbai City”. The objectives of this study were to know different factors packaging strategy of lays, to know customer’s satisfaction towards different strategy of lays, to define Impact of packaging strategies on improving customer purchasing decision of lays product, to determine different factors affecting consumer buying behavior, to do study on impact of promotional strategy on consumer buying behavior, to identify customer’s preferences towards new packaging strategy of Lays “Smile deke dekho”. The Hypothesis were Ho = Marketing strategy provided by marketer and consumer buying behavior are not associate by each other and H1 = Marketing Strategy provided by marketer and consumer buying behavior are Associate by each other. Primary data have been collected using the structured questionnaire with personal interviews to 100 consumers. Simple Random sampling method was adopted for the study. Secondary data were collected from television, newspapers, magazines, text books and related websites. The present study is descriptive in nature. The collected data were analyzed through graphical presentation. This study will help us to know the packaging strategy on consumers buying behaviour, factors influence on buying behavior.

PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING MELALUI STRATEGI PEMASARAN JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (STUDI KASUS) DI DESA BEKUT

One of the food sources that contains high vegetable protein is oyster mushroom. An oyster mushroom cultivation business in Bekut Village, Tebas district, Sambas was run by Mr. Agustipar since 2016. However, the fresh packaging of oyster mushroom only can be stored in short period of time. Therefore, the appropriate packaging strategy plays an important role in succeeding the marketing of oyster mushroom. The marketing strategy of oyster mushroom is influenced by internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and strengths). As a result, it is necessary to conduct a study on the oyster mushroom marketing strategy run by Mr. Agustipar. SWOT analysis was performed to analyze the data. It was found the internal factors such as having: sufficient capital, skilled labors, non-chemical food products, good quality products, a stable, affordable selling price, permanent consumers, the production of oyster mushroom has not met the demand, short-period time of product storage, and no intense promotion. The external factors are: the marketing opportunity is high, increasing demand of the product, consumers’ loyalty, expanding marketing network, the existence of the similar business, increasing price of the raw material. Based on the result of SWOT analysis, there were oyster mushroom marketing strategies found. They are: maintaining the quality of oyster product and stable selling price, production and sales forecasting, print media, electronic media, and social media promotion, increasing product efficiency for competition, and establishing the cooperation with companies or UMKM processing oyster mushroom.Keywords: Marketing strategy, Oyster mushroom, SWOT analysis

Microfluidic Packaging Integration with Electronic-Photonic Biosensors Using 3D Printed Transfer Molding

Multiplexed sensing in integrated silicon electronic-photonic platforms requires microfluidics with both high density micro-scale channels and meso-scale features to accommodate for optical, electrical, and fluidic coupling in small, millimeter-scale areas. Three-dimensional (3D) printed transfer molding offers a facile and rapid method to create both micro and meso-scale features in complex multilayer microfluidics in order to integrate with monolithic electronic-photonic system-on-chips with multiplexed rows of 5 μm radius micro-ring resonators (MRRs), allowing for simultaneous optical, electrical, and microfluidic coupling on chip. Here, we demonstrate this microfluidic packaging strategy on an integrated silicon photonic biosensor, setting the basis for highly multiplexed molecular sensing on-chip.

Phylogenetic evidence of headful packaging strategy in gene transfer agents

Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are virus-like particles encoded and produced by many bacteria and archaea. Unlike viruses, GTAs package fragments of the host genome instead of the genes that encode the components of the GTA itself. As a result of this non-specific DNA packaging, GTAs can transfer genes within bacterial and archaeal communities. GTAs clearly evolved from viruses and are thought to have been maintained in prokaryotic genomes due to the advantages associated with their DNA transfer capacity. The most-studied GTA is produced by the alphaproteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcGTA), which packages random portions of the host genome at a lower DNA density than usually observed in tailed bacterial viruses. How the DNA packaging properties of RcGTA evolved from those of the ancestral virus remains unknown. To address this question, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the large subunit of the terminase (TerL), a highly conserved enzyme used by viruses and GTAs to package DNA. We found that RcGTA-like TerLs grouped within viruses that employ the headful packaging strategy. Because distinct mechanisms of viral DNA packaging correspond to differences in the TerL amino acid sequence, our finding suggests that RcGTA evolved from a headful packaging virus. Headful packaging is the least sequence-specific mode of DNA packaging, which would facilitate the switch from packaging of the viral genome to packaging random pieces of the host genome during GTA evolution.

Dengue Virus Infection of Aedes aegypti Alters Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo to Enhance Virus Transmission

Dengue is the most burdensome vector-borne viral disease in the world. Dengue virus (DENV), the etiological cause of dengue, is transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Like any arbovirus, the transmission cycle of dengue involves the complex interactions of a multitude of human and mosquito factors. One point during this transmission cycle that is rich in these interactions is the biting event by the mosquito, upon which its saliva is injected into the host. A number of components in mosquito saliva have been shown to play a pivotal role in the transmission of dengue, however one such component that is not as well characterized is extracellular vesicles. Here, using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry, we show that dengue infection altered the protein cargo of Aedes aegypti extracellular vesicles, resulting in the packaging of proteins with infection-enhancing ability. Our results support the presence of an infection-dependent pro-viral protein packaging strategy that uses the differential packaging of pro-viral proteins in extracellular vesicles of Ae. aegypti saliva to promote transmission. These studies represent the first investigation into the function of Ae. aegypti extracellular vesicle cargo during dengue infection.