Novel Protein Therapeutics Created Using the Elastin-like Polypeptide Platform

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are bioengineered proteins that have a unique physical property, a thermally triggered inverse phase transition, that can be exploited for drug delivery. ELP-fusion proteins can be used as soluble biologics, thermally targeted drug carriers, self-assembling nanoparticles, and slow-release drug depots. Because of their unique physical characteristics and versatility for delivery of nearly any type of therapeutic, ELP-based drug delivery systems represent a promising platform for biologics development.

Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in Gas Exchange Mechanism and Providing Protection against Progression of any Respiratory Viral Disease like SARS-CoV-2 and Need to focus it as First Point of Medication for all Respiratory Diseases

During inhalation oxygen molecules are drawn towards type I cells. The partial pressure difference and solubility factor act as a Drive for this movement of oxygen molecules.It is well known that the pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in gas exchange. The surfactant is thin mono-layer. The top surface of surfactant with SP-B and C proteins faces alveolar air and is hydrophobic in nature and acts as a surface tension reducer, whereas lower surface with SP-A and D proteins, is hydrophilic and is adsorbed on mucosal layer. This lower surface of surfactant acts as an anti invader, pathogen barrier. However there is a small missing link in explaining its exact mechanism or role in justifying these properties during normal conditions and during ‘viral ligand’ attack.Similarly a unique physical property of SP- C component is listed in research papers; however its application is not researched anywhere. SP-C has a dielectric constant of 2 to 3 and plays a very critical role in drastically reducing progression of any respiratory viral disease including SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis targets to explain both micro mechanisms with the help of basic laws of physics, and fluid mechanics. The figures/sketches, drawn also depict the physics involved and not much of a physiology or genetic codes etc. Two examples, in the industry, are briefly listed in the last paragraphs to draw some parallel with above mechanisms.Vaccination is a proven method for containment of a particular respiratory viral disease, if not its cure. But if focus is also given on health of pulmonary surfactant with respect to pathogenesis of any respiratory viral disease, and development of a broad spectrum medication on it; probable loss of lot many lives can be avoided and vaccine development and vaccination management related issues can be less panicky.

Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in Gas Exchange Mechanism and Providing Protection against Progression of any Respiratory Viral Disease like SARS-CoV-2 and Need to focus it as First Point of Medication for all Respiratory Diseases

During inhalation oxygen molecules are drawn towards type I cells. The partial pressure difference and solubility factor act as a Drive for this movement of oxygen molecules.It is well known that the pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in gas exchange. The surfactant is thin mono-layer. The top surface of surfactant with SP-B and C proteins faces alveolar air and is hydrophobic in nature and acts as a surface tension reducer, whereas lower surface with SP-A and D proteins is hydrophilic and is adsorbed on mucosal layer. This lower surface of surfactant acts as an anti invader, pathogen barrier. However there is a small missing link in explaining its exact mechanism or role in justifying these properties during normal conditions and during ‘viral ligand’ attack.Similarly a unique physical property of SP- C component is listed in research papers; however its application is not researched anywhere. SP-C has a dielectric constant of 2 to 3 and plays a very critical role in drastically reducing progression of any respiratory viral disease including SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis targets to explain both micro mechanisms with the help of basic laws of physics, and fluid mechanics. The figures/sketches, drawn also depict the physics involved and not much of a physiology or genetic codes etc. Two examples, in the industry, are briefly listed in the last paragraphs to draw some parallel with above mechanisms.Vaccination is a proven method for containment of respiratory viral disease, if not its cure. But if focus is also given on health of pulmonary surfactant with respect to pathogenesis of any respiratory viral disease, probable loss of lot many lives can be avoided and vaccine development and vaccination management related issues can be less panicky.

Mass Transfer Enhancement in GLS Fluidized Beds using Nanomaterials

Nanomaterial has unique physical property which made it important for many applications and that is why the use of nanomaterials rapidly increasing in the field of science and engineering.1 . This work focuses on mass transfer of solids into liquid in three phase fluidized beds in presence of nanomaterial. This include the study of effect of gas velocity, time and different concentration of nanomaterials on mass transfer coefficient in stagnant liquid column in three phase fluidized bed system. To measure coefficient of the mass transfer, known quantity of solid pellets ie benzoic acid and known amount of nanomaterial fraction ie Arachitol nano were charged in the test column of three phase fluidized bed system. At the beginning of each run, test section was partially filled with water which prevent breakage of particles. The experiments were conducted by sequentially varying gas velocity for different volumes of nanomaterial and measuring the rate of mass transfer by collecting samples directly from the outlet ports at the top subsequently analysed by volumetric titration method. The results show enhancement in mass transfer coefficient by addition of nanomaterials. Arachitol nano has been taken in different volumes ie 3ml, 7ml, 10ml and 20ml in (GLS) gas ,liquid and solid fluidized bed with air, water and benzoic acid pellets as three phases respectively in the system. The presence of nanomaterial increases the solid liquid mass transfer coefficient value with increasing fraction of nanomaterial, increasing gas velocity and increasing time although experimental run has been taken only for one hour.

Non-water dyeing process of reactive dyes in two organic solvents with temperature-dependent miscibility

In this paper, a non-water dyeing process using two organic solvents with temperature-dependent miscibility was developed. Fixation of three conventional reactive dyes on cotton yarn could reach 97% using one dyeing bath consisting of two solvents. Only one washing step at room temperature was needed to get satisfactory fastness after the fixation process. In particular, the two selected organic solvents could interconvert from immiscible to miscible when the temperature interchanged from 30 to 90℃. This unique physical property makes the separation and recycling processes of organic solvents extremely easy and energy saving. A 1 kg yarn package was dyed using this dyeing process: the color deviation (△E) of the inner and outer yarns was less than 1.0 and the tensile strength decreased by 8.5–18.0%. The results show that this dyeing process is extremely promising.

Radio Opacity of Honey: A Unique Physical Property with The Potential of A Radio Contrast Media

Background: Honey is known for its various physical properties, chemical contents and as a topical therapeutic agent. However its potential use in diagnostic radiology has not been reported.Aims: To establish radio opacity of honey as its unique physical property, to establish its relationship with other physical properties, chemical contents and to determine if honey has any potential as diagnostic contrast media.Material and Methods: CT scanner was used to calculate radio density in Hounsfield Unit (HU) on six honey samples, honey samples of different dilutions, Iopamidol, 25% glucose and agents containing Calcium, Iron, Magnesium and Potassium. Plain X-ray was obtained on honey samples, honey filled plastic tubes, and honey impregnated cotton gauze. Radio density of honey samples was compared with four selected physical properties of honey.Results: Radio density of six honey samples ranged between 287±3.4 HU and 329±5.3 HU. Radio density of 2% Iopamidol, a commonly used radio contrast agent was 341±8.2 HU. Compared to honey, 25% glucose had low radio density and 15% Potassium chloride had high radio density. Radio density of six honey samples were compared with corresponding density (p=0.0003), specific gravity (p=0.0002), refractive index (p=0.0001) and dynamic viscosity (p=0.10). Plain X-ray images of honey samples showed marked radio opacity.Conclusion: Radio opacity of honey is probably related to its high carbohydrate and potassium content. Honey’s anti-bacterial & healing benefit will offer dual therapeutic and diagnostic advantage with concomitant use as a topical radio contrast agent.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2018; 6(2): 95-99

Abstract 564: Structure-Function Studies of ApoA-I Mimetic Peptides for ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux and HDL Formation

To examine the mechanism of action of ApoA-I mimetics, we designed 4 peptides with a variable number of E, L, K and A residues and determined their ability to form HDL-like particle and promote ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux. They were named based on a unique physical property: N=ELK-neutral (EKLKELLEKLLEKLKELL), H=ELK-hydrophobic (EKLLELLKKLLELLKELL), P=ELK-positive (EKLKALLEKLKAKLKELL), Neg=ELK-negative (EELKEKLEELKEKLEEKL). CD-spectroscopy showed that H and P were mostly helical in an aqueous buffer (52% and 22%, respectively), and in a TFE-containing solvent, mimicking a lipid environment, all peptides showed greater than 40% helicity. In DMPC vesicle solubilization assay, we observed following order: P>N>H>>Neg. By non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, N, H, P formed approximately 8, 8, and 18 nm size lipid particles, respectively when combined with DMPC. However, Neg did not form any detectable particle. A mixture of natural lipids (PC:SM:LysoPC:PE:PS:PI; mol% 55:12:5:10:8:10), intended to simulate ABCA1 lipid membrane microdomain, yielded similar results . Using BHK-ABCA1 transfected cells, cholesterol efflux studies showed following results: H>N>>P, whereas Neg peptide was inactive. All-atom MD simulation of N carried out on a 12–nm disc containing POPC:cholest (200:20), 26 peptides, and initially placed in belt-like configuration as head-to-tail dimers, the starting structure was maintained for at least 3 μ-sec, indicated a strong preference for this configuration. However, when N was initially oriented in a picket-fence configuration, it distorted to a belt-like pattern within 1 μ-sec. For Neg, both starting configurations were much less stable with dimers losing their connectivity and monomers migrating to the top and bottom of the disc, leaving large hydrophobic patches of acyl chains exposed. Cross-linking studies were consistent with the ability of H and N to form dimers to stabilize the HDL structure, and thereby, were also consistent with simulation. Together, we show that a net neutral charge, a relatively large hydrophobic moment (0.78), and a broad hydrophobic face (180 degrees) are optimum features for an apoA-I mimetic peptide to promote cholesterol efflux and to stabilize a nascent discoidal HDL structure.

Development of Damper for Vibration Control of Detached Houses

By using a damper at the relation story for detached houses, the damping effects for compression side decrease. The reason is that the compressive force is dissipated by deformation, for example, by bending in case of using a brace. So that, the damper was developed that exercise efforts in the tensile direction only, with automatic stroke return. By using this damper, the design for the brace become easier because the action of the tensile force is the only consideration. The damper uses Binghum Material with the unique physical property. It allows the energy dissipation and the self restoration to operate as one without a complex mechanism. The real scaled damper was designed applicable to detached houses. It has rated reaction force of 20kN and maximum stroke of 50mm. And the loading test was performed two patterns. One was only the damper in the static and the dynamic condition, another was steel frame with the damper. The results showed that this damper has made possible easier design for the brace, construction and the highly effective for the vibration control of detached houses.

Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Rubber by Infrared Spectroscopy

This report describes an investigation of the applicability of infrared spectro-scopic methods to the quantitative determination of the elastomer composition of industrial rubber products. Generally satisfactory techniques for obtaining a valid spectrum of the elastomer content of any rubber specimen have been developed and evaluated and have been applied to the development of detailed analytical procedures for the identification and qualitative analysis of elastomer mixtures, to the quantitative analysis of natural-GR-S blends, and to the determination of the nitrile content of nitrile copolymers. An accuracy corresponding to ° 1 per cent average error has been obtained in these determinations. The methods can be extended to analogous problems with a minimum of alteration, and the same order of accuracy can be expected in general. A discussion of the correlations between spectral absorption and molecular structure is also included. Infrared spectroscopy is finding increasing application as a means for the identification of organic materials and the analysis of complex mixtures. Spectroscopic methods are not only rapid and generally conservative in sample requirements, but the results are often more specific than those obtained by chemical analysis, distillation, etc., and in many cases furnish detailed structural information of importance to research and development. The advantages of infrared analysis are that : (1) the spectrum of a molecule is a unique physical property which is not altered by any changes in which molecular identity is maintained, and (2) the individual features of the spectrum relate in a definite manner to the chemical bonds comprising the molecule and can thus be interpreted, regardless of the total configuration.