scholarly journals Attenuation of hyperglycemia and amadori products by aminoguanidine in alloxan-diabetic rabbits occurs via enhancement in antioxidant defenses and control of stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262233
Author(s):  
Binish Arif ◽  
Zarina Arif ◽  
Jamal Ahmad ◽  
Kahkashan Perveen ◽  
Najat A. Bukhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits ◽  
And Control ◽  
Alloxan Injection

The micro- and macro-complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) mainly arise from the damage induced by Amadori and advanced glycation end products, as well as the released free radicals. The primary goal of DM treatment is to reduce the risk of micro- and macro-complications. In this study, we looked at the efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) to prevent the production of early glycation products in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Type1 DM was induced in rabbits by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (90 mg/kg body weight). Another group of rabbits was pre-treated with AG (100 mg/kg body weight) prior to alloxan injection; this was followed by weekly treatment with 100 mg/kg of AG for eight weeks. Glucose, insulin, and early glycation products (HbA1C and fructosamine) were measured in control, diabetic and AG treated diabetic rabbits. The effects of hyperglycemia on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), reduced glutathione (rGSH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxides, and protein carbonyl were investigated. Alloxan-diabetic rabbits had lower levels of SOD, CAT, Gpx, and rGSH than control rabbits. Nitric oxide levels were considerably greater. AG administration restored the activities of SOD, CAT, Gpx enzymes up to 70–80% and ameliorated the nitric oxide production. HbA1c and fructosamine levels were considerably lower in AG-treated diabetic rabbits. The observed control of hyperglycemia and amadori adducts in alloxan-diabetic rabbits by AG may be attributed to decrease of stress and restoration of antioxidant defenses.

Oxidative Damage in the Liver of Rats Treated With Glycolaldehyde

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lorenzi ◽  
Michael Everton Andrades ◽  
Rafael Calixto Bortolin ◽  
Ryoji Nagai ◽  
Felipe Dal-Pizzol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Carboxymethyl Lysine

Liver diseases are often associated with hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. These conditions, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity, facilitate the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These products are known to impair protein function and promote inflammation. Accumulation of AGEs such as Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is related to chronic liver diseases and their severity. Although several reports suggest a crucial role of AGEs in liver failure, there is little investigation on the direct effects of reducing sugars, precursors of AGEs, and on the onset and progression of liver failure. In this work, we investigate the effects of intravenously administrated glycolaldehyde (GA), a short-chain aldehyde, on oxidative parameters in the liver of Wistar rats. Animals received a single injection of GA (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg) and were sacrificed after 6, 12, or 24 hours. Levels of protein carbonyl, lipid peroxidation, and reduced thiol were quantified. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glyoxalase I were also assessed. The amount of CML was quantified with specific antibody. There was an increase in oxidative stress markers in the liver of GA-treated rats. Glycolaldehyde induced a decrease in the activities of all enzymes assayed. Also, all tested doses led to an increase in CML content. Our data suggest that GA might play an important role in liver diseases through the impairment of antioxidant defenses and generation of AGEs.

Natural abundances of 15N and 13C indicating physiological responses in Petunia hybrida to infection by longidorid nematodes and nepoviruses

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Neilson ◽  
Linda L. Handley ◽  
David Robinson ◽  
Charlie M. Scrimgeour ◽  
Derek J.F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Pr Proteins ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Infection Virale ◽  
Longidorus Elongatus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Xiphinema Diversicaudatum

Abstract The effects of a) systemic virus infection (arabis mosaic and tomato black ring nepoviruses), b) ectoparasitic nematode feeding (Xiphinema diversicaudatum and Longidorus elongatus) and c) a combination of virus infection and nematode feeding on the natural abundances of 13C(delta13C) and 15N(delta15N) of nitrogen-starved Petunia hybrida were studied. Pathogen-induced effects were not confined to sites of virus infection or nematode feeding. Those treatments with nematodes feeding on Petunia hosts and those with a combination of virus infection and nematode feeding resulted in a depletion of shoot and root 15N compared with controls. Virus-infected plants were more 15N-enriched than those fed upon by nematodes which, in turn, were more 15N-enriched than those with both nematode and virus in combination. Shoot delta13C values from infected treatments were not significantly different from controls. Although root delta13C was significantly different from controls in most treatments, absolute differences were small. Differences in delta15N between infected and control plants were probably caused by physiological responses to pathogen infection/feeding such as production of PR-proteins and/or release of nitric oxide. Le contenu naturel en 15N et 13C comme indicateur de la reaction de Petunia hybrida a l'infestation par les nematodes Longidorides et les nepovirus - La presente etude a porte sur l'influence i) d'une infection virale systemique (nepovirus de la mosaique Arabis et du cercle noir de la tomate), ii) d'une atteinte par des nematodes ectoparasites (Xiphinema diversicaudatum et Longidorus elongatus) et iii) d'une combinaison de deux types de pathogenes sur le contenu naturel en 13C(delta13C) et en 15N(delta15N) de Petunia hybrida deficients en azote. Les effets induits par ces organismes pathogenes ne sont pas limites aux sites de l'infection virale ou a ceux des attaques des nematodes. Compares aux temoins, les traitements comportant les seules attaques de nematodes et ceux comportant des attaques combinees des deux types de parasites provoquent une diminution du 15N des racines et des parties aeriennes. Les plants infectes par les virus avaient un taux en 15N plus eleve que ceux attaques par les nematodes, lesquels, en revanche, contenaient plus de 15N que les plants soumis simultanement aux deux types de parasites. Les taux de delta13C dans les parties aeriennes des plants soumis aux differentes attaques n'etaient pas significativement differents de ceux des temoins. Si, dans la plupart des traitements, les taux de delta13C dans les racines etaient significativement differents de ceux des temoins, ces differences restaient faibles en valeur absolue. Les differences dans les taux en delta15N entre plants infectes et temoins sont probablement la resultante de reactions physiologiques aux pathogenes, telles la production de proteines PR ou l'emission d'oxyde nitrique.

Impact of an Infant Formula Containing a Novel Fat Blend (Cow’s Milk Fat, Fish and Vegetable Oil) and Prebiotics on Stool Fatty Acid Soaps and Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Profiles in Full-Term Healthy Newborns

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maroula Lambidou ◽  
Birgit Alteheld ◽  
Rolf Fimmers ◽  
Frank Jochum ◽  
Antonia Nomayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Breast Fed

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Recently, new commercial infant formulas have been composed considering novel fat blends and oligosaccharides to better resemble the fatty acid (FA) composition and stereospecific distribution (e.g., increased amount of ß-palmitate) as well as probiotics content of human breast milk. We hypothesized that these newly composed infant formulas may decrease fecal FA soap excretion and may positively affect erythrocyte FA profiles compared with regular formulas. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Healthy infants were randomly assigned to receive a high-sn-2-palmitate formula (&#x3e;25% of the PA is esterified to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, verum: <i>n</i> = 30) or a “standard” formula containing &#x3c;10% of PA in sn-2 position and no oligosaccharides (control: <i>n</i> = 27); a non-randomized group of breast-fed infants served as control. Anthropometric data of the infants (body weight, recumbent length, and head circumference) were recorded at inclusion (visit 1) and 6 and 12 weeks after onset of intervention (visits 2 and 3). Blood samples for erythrocyte FA analysis (gas chromatography) were taken at visits 1 and 2; stool samples were collected at visit 2. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Quantitative formula intake (mL/kg body weight × day) at visit 2 (verum: 155 ± 30, control: 164 ± 30) and visit 3 (verum: 134 ± 26, control: 134 ± 21) was comparable. Six weeks after onset of intervention, stool total FA soaps, palmitate soaps, and total FAs were similar in both formula-fed groups but significantly higher than in breast-fed infants. During the 6-week intervention, erythrocyte palmitate decreased significantly from baseline in all 3 groups with no group differences (verum: 29.20 ± 1.17 to 27.12 ± 0.66, control: 29.88 ± 2.00 to 27.01 ± 0.94, breast-fed: 30.20 ± 0.86 to 26.84 ± 0.98). For selected FAs, significant changes over time in verum and control group were obvious but without formula effects. Some variations in the FA profile of breast-fed infants compared to both verum and control groups were observed. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In contrast to our hypothesis, feeding a newly composed infant formula based on a fat blend with 25% of PA in the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols and supplemented with a prebiotic could not decrease insoluble FA soap excretion compared with a standard product; in this respect, breastfeeding is obviously the best choice. Surprisingly, erythrocyte FA profiles were comparable in formula-fed and breast-fed infants; obvious alterations in FA composition of the respective fat sources and structure did not affect FA incorporation into membranes. Caution should be, however, exercised in drawing robust conclusions in the absence of larger, adequately powered intervention studies.

scholarly journals Clinical and in Vivo Response Following Surgery or Surgery Plus Adjuvant Chemotherapy or Immunotherapy for Colorectal Carcinoma in a Rat Model

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K House ◽  
M A L Maley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recurrent Tumour ◽  
Mesenteric Node ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tumour Weight

Two cohorts of rats, 240 with colon cancer and 150 controls, were assessed clinically and immunologically for their response to tumour and its management which was either by surgical excision alone or by surgical excision combined with either adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The histology and invasion characteristics were observed for similarity with those of human lesions. Metastases were found in liver, lymph nodes, the peritoneum or lungs in 27% of animals during follow up. Significantly fewer adjuvant-treated rats had metastases than those receiving surgery alone ( P < 0.05), and less total tumour weight was found in the adjuvant-treated rats at four ( P < 0.03) and six ( P < 0.001) weeks postoperatively. Animals in the adjuvant immunotherapy group survived longer than in either other group ( P < 0.001). The crude parameters of host response to tumour, body, spleen and mesenteric lymph node weight were recorded and the latter two indexed to body weight. The body weight of tumour and control rats increased significantly with time ( P < 0.04). The spleen and mesenteric node indices were significantly ( P < 0.04) greater in tumour than control rats and were varied by recurrent tumour growth and by the adjuvant treatment administered postoperatively.

Renal effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in cirrhotic rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (6) ◽  
pp. R1454-R1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Atucha ◽  
J. Garcia-Estan ◽  
A. Ramirez ◽  
M. C. Perez ◽  
T. Quesada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Experimental Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Liver

In the present study, we have characterized the renal response to inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis [intravenous NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 3 h] in anesthetized cirrhotic rats, with (ASC) and without (CIR) ascites, at doses that do not change blood pressure (BP). Administration of L-NAME induced opposite effects on water (UV) and sodium (UNaV) excretion in cirrhotic and control animals. Infusion of 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of L-NAME in CIR (n = 5) decreased renal plasma flow (RPF) at the end of the 3-h period, whereas UV, UNaV, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were unaltered. In contrast, infusion of L-NAME at 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in six more CIR increased UV and UNaV significantly by the 1st h, without changes in BP or GFR, and these parameters remained elevated throughout the experiment. Infusion of 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 in ASC (n = 6) did not change BP or GFR but significantly enhanced UV and UNaV after the 1st h. These effects were prevented by pretreatment with L-arginine (0.1 mg.kg-1.min-1) in another group of ASC infused with 1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of L-NAME. These results indicate that, in ASC and CIR cirrhotic rats, inhibition of NO synthesis at nonpressor does improves renal excretion of sodium and water via a decrease in tubular reabsorption. NO is an important mediator of the renal excretory and hemodynamic alterations of experimental liver cirrhosis.

Protein appetite is increased after central leptin-induced fat depletion

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1468-R1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wiater ◽  
Bryan D. Hudson ◽  
Yvette Virgin ◽  
Sue Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nadir Point ◽  
And Control

Leptin reduces body fat selectively, sparing body protein. Accordingly, during chronic leptin administration, food intake is suppressed, and body weight is reduced until body fat is depleted. Body weight then stabilizes at this fat-depleted nadir, while food intake returns to normal caloric levels, presumably in defense of energy and nutritional homeostasis. This model of leptin treatment offers the opportunity to examine controls of food intake that are independent of leptin's actions, and provides a window for examining the nature of feeding controls in a “fatless” animal. Here we evaluate macronutrient selection during this fat-depleted phase of leptin treatment. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on standard pelleted rodent chow and given daily lateral ventricular injections of leptin or vehicle solution until body weight reached the nadir point and food intake returned to normal levels. Injections were then continued for 8 days, during which rats self-selected their daily diet from separate sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Macronutrient choice differed profoundly in leptin and control rats. Leptin rats exhibited a dramatic increase in protein intake, whereas controls exhibited a strong carbohydrate preference. Fat intake did not differ between groups at any time during the 8-day test. Despite these dramatic differences in macronutrient selection, total daily caloric intake did not differ between groups except on day 2. Thus controls of food intake related to ongoing metabolic and nutritional requirements may supersede the negative feedback signals related to body fat stores.

Significance of graded doses of aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera (L) on live body weight, gonadal, extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves of Yankasa rams

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract on live body weight, gonadal and extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves of Yankasa rams. Twenty five apparently healthy Yankasa rams aged 1-2 years and weighing 19.0 ± 2.1 Kg were used for the study. The rams were randomly selected into five groups: A, B, C, D and E with five rams in each group as treatment and control groups respectively. Groups A - D were given oral dose of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract at a dose rate of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 (mg/kg), respectively while group E was given 10 ml/kg water orally, daily for five months. Live body weight, gonadal and extragonadal reserves were determined according to standard techniques. The results showed a significant increase in live body weight in the months of April to June among rams treated with different doses of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract compared with the control group. The control group showed no significant differences in the body weight, gonadal and extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves. In conclusion, the treatment of Yankasa rams with Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract increased live body weight, but had no significant effects on gonadal and extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves in Yankasa rams. Therefore, it is recommended that M. oleifera aqueous seed extract can be used at doses of 2000mg/kg to 3000mg/kg in Yankasa rams for optimum gain in live body weight.

Interleukin-1β and neurogenic control of blood pressure in normal rats and rats with chronic renal failure

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. H2786-H2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Ye ◽  
Pantea Mozayeni ◽  
Michael Gamburd ◽  
Huiqin Zhong ◽  
Vito M. Campese
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Local Expression

Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity plays a role in the genesis of hypertension in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). The rise in central SNS activity is mitigated by increased local expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA and NO2/NO3 production. Because interleukin (IL)-1β may activate nitric oxide in the brain, we have tested the hypothesis that IL-1β may modulate the activity of the SNS via regulation of the local expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) in the brain of CRF and control rats. To this end, we first found that administration of IL-1β in the lateral ventricle of control and CRF rats decreased blood pressure and norepinephrine (NE) secretion from the posterior hypothalamus (PH) and increased NOS mRNA expression. Second, we observed that an acute or chronic injection of an IL-1β-specific antibody in the lateral ventricle raised blood pressure and NE secretion from the PH and decreased NOS mRNA abundance in the PH of control and CRF rats. Finally, we measured the IL-1β mRNA abundance in the PH, locus coeruleus, and paraventricular nuclei of CRF and control rats by RT-PCR and found it to be greater in CRF rats than in control rats. In conclusion, these studies have shown that IL-1β modulates the activity of the SNS in the central nervous system and that this modulation is mediated by increased local expression of nNOS mRNA.

Selected Contribution: Differential role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in fever of different etiologies: studies using Nosgene-deficient mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2534-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Kozak ◽  
Anna Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nos Isoforms ◽  
Deficient Mice

Male C57BL/6J mice deficient in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes (knockout) and control (wild-type) mice were implanted intra-abdominally with battery-operated miniature biotelemeters (model VMFH MiniMitter, Sunriver, OR) to monitor changes in body temperature. Intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/kg) was used to trigger fever in response to systemic inflammation in mice. To induce a febrile response to localized inflammation, the mice were injected subcutaneously with pure turpentine oil (30 μl/animal) into the left hindlimb. Oral administration (gavage) of N G-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) for 3 days (80 mg · kg−1 · day−1in corn oil) before injection of pyrogens was used to inhibit all three NOSs ( N G-monomethyl-d-arginine acetate salt and corn oil were used as control). In normal male C57BL/6J mice, l-NMMA inhibited the LPS-induced fever by ∼60%, whereas it augmented fever by ∼65% in mice injected with turpentine. Challenging the respective NOS knockout mice with LPS and with l-NMMA revealed that inducible NOS and neuronal NOS isoforms are responsible for the induction of fever to LPS, whereas endothelial NOS (eNOS) is not involved. In contrast, none of the NOS isoforms appeared to trigger fever to turpentine. Inhibition of eNOS, however, exacerbates fever in mice treated with l-NMMA and turpentine, indicating that eNOS participates in the antipyretic mechanism. These data support the hypothesis that nitric oxide is a regulator of fever. Its action differs, however, depending on the pyrogen used and the NOS isoform.

scholarly journals TUALANG HONEY ATTENUATES KAINIC ACID-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT CEREBELLUM AND BRAINSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shafika Mohd Sairazi ◽  
K. N. S. Sirajudeen ◽  
Mustapha Muzaimi ◽  
Mummedy Swamy ◽  
Mohd Asnizam Asari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Rat Cerebellum ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Tualang Honey

Objective: The present study examined the protective effect of tualang honey (TH) against kainic acid (KA)-induced oxidative stress in the cerebellum and brainstem of rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, KA-treated, TH+KA-treated, and topiramate (TPM, an antiepileptic agent)+KA-treated groups. Rats were pretreated orally with drinking water, TH (1.0 g/kg body weight), or TPM (40 mg/kg body weight), respectively, five times at 12 h intervals. Saline or KA (15 mg/kg body weight) were injected subcutaneously 30 min after last oral treatment. Rats were sacrificed at 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after KA administration. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed in different brain regions (cerebellum and brainstem) 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after KA administration.Results: KA caused significant (p<0.05) elevation in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level, protein carbonyl contents, and nitric oxide production, impairment of glutathione system, and a significant reduction in the total antioxidant status in the rat cerebellum and brainstem at multiple time-points, as compared to control groups. Pretreatment with TH significantly (p<0.05) reduced the elevation in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level, protein carbonyl contents, and nitric oxide production and increasing a reduction in the total antioxidant status in the rat cerebellum and brainstem induced by KA at multiple time-points, as compared to KA only-treated group.Conclusion: Taken together, this study suggests that TH has therapeutic potential in reducing oxidative stress in the cerebellum and brainstem of KA-induced rats via its antioxidant property.

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