The Geology of the Torlesse Supergroup, Southern Tararua Range, North Island, New Zealand

<p>Basement rocks in the southern Tararua Range are part of the Torlesse Supergroup, possibly Late Triassic to Late Jurassic in age, and form two distinct associations. The sedimentarv association consists mainly of quartzo-feldspathic sandstone and argillite with minor olistostrome, calcareous siltstone and microsparite. The sandstone and argillite were deposited as turbidites in a mid- to outer- submarine fan environment. The sediment was derived from a heavily dissected active continental margin that was shedding sediment of mainly plutonic and metamorphic origin. The volcanic association consists mainly of metabasite and coloured argillite with minor chert and limestone. Geochemical data indicate that the metabasites were erupted in an oceanic intraplate environment. The nature of amygdules in amygdaloidal metabasites suggests eruption in less than 800m of water. Coloured argillites have two distinct origins, namely sediments formed by the degredation of basalt; and also pelagic material modified by metal-rich effluent either from hydrothermal systems associated with mid-ocean ridges or intraplate volcanism. The rocks of the volcanic association indicate formation in an environment similar to present day mid-ocean islands. Nowhere were rocks of the two associations observed to be conformable. Coupled with this, the nature of the two associations suggests that they were formed in separate environments. The following structural history is proposed: 1) Early veining; 2) Isoclinal folding and development of a NNE striking cleavage; 3) Faulting both at low and high angles to bedding, extreme amounts of which have resulted in mélange; 4) NE-SW trending close to open folds; 5) E-W trending open to gentle folds; 6) Recent faulting, predominantly NE trending strike-slip faults. The nature of the two associations and the deformational style and history supports an accretionary prism model for the development of the Torlesse Supergroup. Rocks of the southern Tararua Range show many similarities with, and probably represent a northward continuation of, the Esk Head Mélange of the South Island.</p>

The Geology of the Torlesse Supergroup, Southern Tararua Range, North Island, New Zealand

<p>Basement rocks in the southern Tararua Range are part of the Torlesse Supergroup, possibly Late Triassic to Late Jurassic in age, and form two distinct associations. The sedimentarv association consists mainly of quartzo-feldspathic sandstone and argillite with minor olistostrome, calcareous siltstone and microsparite. The sandstone and argillite were deposited as turbidites in a mid- to outer- submarine fan environment. The sediment was derived from a heavily dissected active continental margin that was shedding sediment of mainly plutonic and metamorphic origin. The volcanic association consists mainly of metabasite and coloured argillite with minor chert and limestone. Geochemical data indicate that the metabasites were erupted in an oceanic intraplate environment. The nature of amygdules in amygdaloidal metabasites suggests eruption in less than 800m of water. Coloured argillites have two distinct origins, namely sediments formed by the degredation of basalt; and also pelagic material modified by metal-rich effluent either from hydrothermal systems associated with mid-ocean ridges or intraplate volcanism. The rocks of the volcanic association indicate formation in an environment similar to present day mid-ocean islands. Nowhere were rocks of the two associations observed to be conformable. Coupled with this, the nature of the two associations suggests that they were formed in separate environments. The following structural history is proposed: 1) Early veining; 2) Isoclinal folding and development of a NNE striking cleavage; 3) Faulting both at low and high angles to bedding, extreme amounts of which have resulted in mélange; 4) NE-SW trending close to open folds; 5) E-W trending open to gentle folds; 6) Recent faulting, predominantly NE trending strike-slip faults. The nature of the two associations and the deformational style and history supports an accretionary prism model for the development of the Torlesse Supergroup. Rocks of the southern Tararua Range show many similarities with, and probably represent a northward continuation of, the Esk Head Mélange of the South Island.</p>

Probabilistic modelling and verification using RoboChart and PRISM

RoboChart is a timed domain-specific language for robotics, distinctive in its support for automated verification by model checking and theorem proving. Since uncertainty is an essential part of robotic systems, we present here an extension to RoboChart to model uncertainty using probabilism. The extension enriches RoboChart state machines with probability through a new construct: probabilistic junctions as the source of transitions with a probability value. RoboChart has an accompanying tool, called RoboTool, for modelling and verification of functional and real-time behaviour. We present here also an automatic technique, implemented in RoboTool, to transform a RoboChart model into a PRISM model for verification. We have extended the property language of RoboTool so that probabilistic properties expressed in temporal logic can be written using controlled natural language.

MODELISASI KURSI DENGAN PENGGABUNGAN HASIL DEFORMASI BENDA-BENDA RUANG MENGGUNAKAN KURVA BEZIER

Chairs are needed by humans to do some work, especially students and office workers. The parts contained in the chair are the chair legs, chair legs eats and chair backs. The purpose of this study is to obtain variations in the shape of office chairs using Bezier curves and incorporate the results of deformation of space geometric objects. In modeling this chair, it is divided into several stages, namely first, building the chair leg components. This chair leg component consists of chair wheels, connecting two wheels with tube deformation, modeling the chair leg branch components and modeling chair leg supports. Second, namely the model of the chair leg seat. Chair leg seat consists of regular hexagon prism deformation and regular quadrangle prism deformation. The third is the modelization of the back of the chair by using a rectangular prism model. The result of combining several components of the chair using one modeling axis produces 36 chair models, with special provisions, namely that the seat support parts can only be joined using a tube.

Effect of Natural Wind on the Transiting Test for Measuring the Aerodynamic Coefficients of Structures

The aerodynamic coefficients transiting test is a new method for measuring the structural aerodynamic coefficients using the wind generated by a moving vehicle. However, the effect and correction of natural wind on the transiting test has not been studied. Hence, in this study, the investigation of the aerodynamic force and pressure measurements on a special triangular prism model is simulated through the transiting test under different natural wind conditions for 30° and 90° angles of wind incidence. Force and pressure measurement results in the transiting test are used to describe and explain the effect of natural wind in the range of 0–3.0 m/s on the aerodynamic coefficients of the triangular prism qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the driving wind field of the vehicle, aerodynamic force coefficient, and aerodynamic pressure coefficient are significantly influenced by strong natural wind greater than 1.71 m/s, which must be considered and so it is recommended that the structure aerodynamic coefficients transiting test should be conducted under the condition that the natural wind is less than 1.71 m/s. In addition, the method of two-direction round-trip measurement is proposed to modify the effect of natural wind on transiting tests.

MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MADRASAH IN BANTEN PROVINCE: QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

This systematic review aims to determine the management strategy for improving the quality of madrasah in Banten Province. The method used is a systematic review. The number of research results (journals and theses) reviewed is 4 documents. The inclusion criteria used are related to the management strategy for improving the quality of madrasas in Banten Province. The protocol used in the review is the Prism model. The conclusion of this review is that the management strategy for improving the internal quality of madrasas, for example, is carried out by managing the quality of education and intensifying local content, increasing the formulation of the vision and mission of madrasah, improving the quality of teachers, improving active learning processes, improving the quality of facilities, and improving the quality of output. Another strategy, for example, is to integrate learning values and local culture for the public of Banten Province.

Health Measurement Model—Bringing a Life Course Perspective to Health Measurement: The PRISM Model

Health is a multidimensional concept that is challenging to measure, and in the rapidly evolving developmental changes that occur during the first 21 years of human life, requires a dynamic approach to accurately capture the transitions, and overall arc of a complex process of internal and external interactions. We propose an approach that integrates a lifecourse framework with a layered series of assessments, each layer using a many to many mapping, to converge on four fundamental dimensions of health measurement-Potential, Adaptability, Performance, and Experience. The four dimensions can conceptually be mapped onto a plane with each edge of the resulting quadrilateral corresponding to one dimension and each dimensions assessment calibrated against a theoretical ideal. As the plane evolves over time, the sequential measurements will form a volume. We term such a model the Prism Model, and describe conceptually how single domain assessments can be built up to generate the holistic description through the vehicle of a layer of Exemplar Cases. The model is theoretical but future work can use the framework and principles to generate scalable and adaptable applications that can unify and improve the precision of serial measurements that integrate environmental and physiologic influences to improve the science of child health measurement.

Energy audit and base case simulation of Ryerson buildings using the "Carrier HAP" simulation program and prism analysis for energy consumption

Modelling and simulation of energy consumption in 86% of the Ryerson campus was presented. Energy simulation models were developed with Carrier HAP for 16 Ryerson buildings. Carrier HAP, commercially available software, was used for the prediction of energy consumption and PRISM software was used for the energy consumption comparison in different locations using weather normal average temperature data. All of the possible sources and uses of energy in the building were accounted for in the modelling and simulation. From the simulation result, it showed that 26% of total energy was consumed by lighting and 19% of total energy used by plug load and 4% of total energy used by miscellaneous. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by reducing lighting schedule. As a result, annual energy savings of 10% for cooling load and 21% for hydro demand were achieved, but the heating load increased by 14%. The other part of the energy consumption was for the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, 53% of total energy was demanded in this sector for the 16 Ryerson buildings. PRISM model was developed for compared Ryerson energy consumption and also compared Ryerson campus in different locations. The base case simulation result was compared with the campus planning actual consumption bill for the hydro, steam and DLWC cooling demand for the Ryerson campus. The result was under predicted from the actual bill. Simulation was under predicted hydro consumption by 5.7% and steam consumption by 6.26%. The average energy intensity was determined 1.04 GJ/m² for the 86% of total area of Ryerson campus. Also energy intensity (GJ/students) compared with different provinces in Canada, shows that Ryerson University consumed less energy and this value is 10 GJ/student.

Energy audit and base case simulation of Ryerson buildings using the "Carrier HAP" simulation program and prism analysis for energy consumption

Modelling and simulation of energy consumption in 86% of the Ryerson campus was presented. Energy simulation models were developed with Carrier HAP for 16 Ryerson buildings. Carrier HAP, commercially available software, was used for the prediction of energy consumption and PRISM software was used for the energy consumption comparison in different locations using weather normal average temperature data. All of the possible sources and uses of energy in the building were accounted for in the modelling and simulation. From the simulation result, it showed that 26% of total energy was consumed by lighting and 19% of total energy used by plug load and 4% of total energy used by miscellaneous. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by reducing lighting schedule. As a result, annual energy savings of 10% for cooling load and 21% for hydro demand were achieved, but the heating load increased by 14%. The other part of the energy consumption was for the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, 53% of total energy was demanded in this sector for the 16 Ryerson buildings. PRISM model was developed for compared Ryerson energy consumption and also compared Ryerson campus in different locations. The base case simulation result was compared with the campus planning actual consumption bill for the hydro, steam and DLWC cooling demand for the Ryerson campus. The result was under predicted from the actual bill. Simulation was under predicted hydro consumption by 5.7% and steam consumption by 6.26%. The average energy intensity was determined 1.04 GJ/m² for the 86% of total area of Ryerson campus. Also energy intensity (GJ/students) compared with different provinces in Canada, shows that Ryerson University consumed less energy and this value is 10 GJ/student.