Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytotoxicity in animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Nedzvetsky ◽  
◽  
Dmytro Masiuk ◽  
Viktor Gasso ◽  
Serhii Yermolenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Animal Organism ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biochemical Features

The monograph is devoted to the study of the heavy metal influence on molecular and cellular processes in the animal organism. The state of the art of molecular pathway response to heavy metal toxicity is highlighted. Aspects of the impact of aluminium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and copper on biochemical features of cells are outlined. The relationship between the presence of heavy metal in an organism and disturbances in molecular and cellular progressions is revealed. The scientific monograph is proposed to ecotoxicologists, ecologists, experts interested in molecular biomarkers and bioindication. The book may be useful for students and researchers.

scholarly journals Molecular and Clinical Insights into the Invasive Capacity of Glioblastoma Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Velásquez ◽  
Sheila Mansouri ◽  
Carla Mora ◽  
Farshad Nassiri ◽  
Suganth Suppiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infiltrative Tumor

The invasive capacity of GBM is one of the key tumoral features associated with treatment resistance, recurrence, and poor overall survival. The molecular machinery underlying GBM invasiveness comprises an intricate network of signaling pathways and interactions with the extracellular matrix and host cells. Among them, PI3k/Akt, Wnt, Hedgehog, and NFkB play a crucial role in the cellular processes related to invasion. A better understanding of these pathways could potentially help in developing new therapeutic approaches with better outcomes. Nevertheless, despite significant advances made over the last decade on these molecular and cellular mechanisms, they have not been translated into the clinical practice. Moreover, targeting the infiltrative tumor and its significance regarding outcome is still a major clinical challenge. For instance, the pre- and intraoperative methods used to identify the infiltrative tumor are limited when trying to accurately define the tumor boundaries and the burden of tumor cells in the infiltrated parenchyma. Besides, the impact of treating the infiltrative tumor remains unclear. Here we aim to highlight the molecular and clinical hallmarks of invasion in GBM.

scholarly journals Flexible Causal Inference for Political Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bear F. Braumoeller ◽  
Giampiero Marra ◽  
Rosalba Radice ◽  
Aisha E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Substantial Bias ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Measuring the causal impact of state behavior on outcomes is one of the biggest methodological challenges in the field of political science, for two reasons: behavior is generally endogenous, and the threat of unobserved variables that confound the relationship between behavior and outcomes is pervasive. Matching methods, widely considered to be the state of the art in causal inference in political science, are generally ill-suited to inference in the presence of unobserved confounders. Heckman-style multiple-equation models offer a solution to this problem; however, they rely on functional-form assumptions that can produce substantial bias in estimates of average treatment effects. We describe a category of models, flexible joint likelihood models, that account for both features of the data while avoiding reliance on rigid functional-form assumptions. We then assess these models’ performance in a series of neutral simulations, in which they produce substantial (55% to ${>}$90%) reduction in bias relative to competing models. Finally, we demonstrate their utility in a reanalysis of Simmons’ (2000) classic study of the impact of Article VIII commitment on compliance with the IMF’s currency-restriction regime.

scholarly journals Enterosorption in the Treatment of Heavy Metal Poisoning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Mikhalovsky ◽  
Oleksandr Voytko ◽  
Violetta Demchenko ◽  
Pavlo Demchenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heavy Metal Poisoning ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
The Impact

Enterosorption is a cost-effective and efficient approach to reducing the impact of chronic exposure to heavy metals and radionuclides. As an auxiliary method to medical treatment, it can protect population chronically exposed to the intake of heavy metals or radioactivity due to industrial activities or in the aftermath of technogenic or natural accidents. This paper assesses the current state of the art in the treatment of acute and chronic heavy metal poisoning.

scholarly journals How to improve eyewitness testimony research: theoretical and methodological concerns about experiments on the impact of emotions on memory performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Głomb
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
The State ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present crucial shortcomings of research into eyewitness testimony. It presents the state-of-the-art of research on the relationship between emotions and memory performance. In addition, it addresses contradictions and concerns about previous studies. Despite the declarations of consensus on the role of emotions in memory coding and retrieving, there are as many studies suggesting that emotional events are better remembered than neutral ones, as there are reports that show the opposite. Therefore, by indicating the theoretical and methodological limitations of previous studies, this paper advocates a more rigorous approach to the investigation of emotions and their impact on the quality and quantity of testimony. It also provides a framework for inquiry that allows better comparisons between studies and results, and may help to build a more comprehensive theory of the effects of emotion on memory

scholarly journals Heavy metals and carcinogenesis: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Aous Kahtan Al-Mzaien
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Cancer Induction ◽  
Potential Study ◽  
Cadmium Lead

There has been a growing recognition regarding heavy metal toxicity owing to their position in cancer induction. The study is linked to heavy metals like titanium, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and radium. A meta-analysis was compiled using PubMed to determine existing exposure channels, forms of cancers caused, and treatment interventions for the metals. It was planned to lead potential study activities linked to heavy metals and cancer.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

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