The Influence of Economic Development on the Wetland Conversion in Java-Bali

While there have been evidences of successful economic development, certain Agriculture Industry show declining contributions to economy over recent years. There is a need for control of and policy on conversion of land status from agriculture to non-agriculture as a result of expanding economy. This research aims to analyse: (1) the impact of real GRDP, the number of households, the number of non-classified hotels and other types of accommodation businesses, and farmers’ terms of trade (FToT) on wetland conversion; (2) annual rate of wetland conversion; and (3) sustainability of food security after implementation of wetland conversion control. The data being analysed is pooled-data series 2014-2018 and cross sectional which is taken (provinces in Java-Bali). The result shows that the factors influencing wetland conversion negatively and significantly is real GRDP, the number of households and the number of non-classified hotels and other types of accommodation businesses are positively and significantly, whilst those affecting insignificantly is FToT. There is an upwards trend in wetland expansion, which indicates that agricultural land–instead of shrinking in area–is expanding at the rate of 40,574 hectares/year. It’s estimated that there will be 3,712,382 hectares of wetland by 2025. The tendency is followed by the growing number of rice surplus that reaches 909,922 tons/year. It’s projected that surplus in rice production by 2025 will be 17,404,632 tons. Consequently, management of renewable resources, prevention of wetland conversion, and prudent decision in rice import are as important as economic development. Keywords: wetland conversion, economic development, pooled-data

KOMPARASI KELIMPAHAN SERANGGA DI KAWASAN RAWA YANG DIKONVERSI DI JALAN SOEKARNO HATTA PALEMBANG

Abstrak: Kegiatan alih fungsi lahan basah banyak terjadi di kecamatan Ilir barat I sekitar jalan soekarno hatta Palembang. Aktivitas alih fungsi lahan ini dapat menghilangkan dan merusak habitat bagi biodiversitas khususnya serangga di area tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga yang ada di kawasan jalan Soekarno Hatta Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, yaitu penyelidikan yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh sata dari kondisi yang ada dan mencari keterangan secara faktual dari suatu daerah. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 109 spesies, 56 famili dan 10 ordo. Berdasarkan jumlah spesies dari masing-masing lokasi/stasiun survei menunjukan bahwa di ST 1 (rawa alami) ditemukan 77 spesies, ST 2 (rawa yang telah ditimbun) ditemukan 53 spesies, ST 3 (rawa yang telah dijadikan pemukiman) ditemukan 50 spesies, dan ST 4 (rawa yang telah dibangun perukoan) ditemukan 57 spesies serangga. Rawa alami memiliki keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga tertinggi, sedangkan lahan rawa yang telah di konversi menjadi pemukiman memiliki keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan terendah. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa alih fungsi lahan rawa mempengaruhi keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan serangga di kawasan jalan Soekarno Hatta Palembang.Kata kunci: keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, serangga, sumatera, rawaAbstract: Wetland conversion activities occur mostly in Ilir Barat I sub-district around the Soekarno Hatta Road in Palembang. This land conversion activity can eliminate and destroy habitat for biodiversity, especially insects in the area. This research was conducted to study the diversity and abundance of insects in the Soekarno Hatta Palembang road area. The research method used in this study is a survey method, which is an investigation carried out to obtain data from the area. The results of this study found 109 species, 56 families and 10 orders. Based on the number of species from each survey location / station, it was found that in ST 1 (natural swamp) was found 77 species, ST 2 (stockpiled swamp) was found 53 species, ST 3 (swamp which had been made a settlement) was found 50 species, and ST 4 (swamps that have been built by shop houses) was found 57 species. ST1 have the highest diversity and abundance of insects, while ST3 have the lowest diversity and abundance. The results of the study prove that the conversion of swamp land has an effect on diversity and abundance of insects in Soekarno Hatta road, Palembang.Keywords: diversity, abundance, insects, Sumatera, swamps

Drivers of Wetland Conversion in the Tropical Environment

<p>The study identified factors responsible for wetland dynamics and negative marks produced on the environment in the area. It equally suggested efforts aimed at reducing effects of the factors on the environment. The study incorporated both meta-analysis of case studies and questionnaires distribution and administration to the respondents who are mainly members of the Fadama User Group (FUG). The results showed changes in rainfall intensity as the major factor responsible for wetland loss; followed by settlement developments and loss of soil water due to river drainage. The results further revealed the effects of the factors to include siltation of drainages, destruction of ecosystem and loss of wetness, and emergent of heavy flooding. The study concluded by suggesting efforts aimed at reducing the influence of the factors on the environment.</p>

Kesesuaian Kualitas Air Irigasi untuk Padi Sawah di Daerah Irigasi Mambal

Suitability of Irrigation Water Quality for Rice in Mambal Irrigation Area. Mambal irrigation area is located in southern region of Bali, close by urban area. It consists of 42 Subak which covered 4.820 ha. However, the total area that still exists today is only 2.978 ha, and it is considered potential in increasing rice production and supplying rice in order to support food self-sufficiency in Bali. The increase of population is considered as the factor of wetland conversion because, the growth of population leads to variety of purposes such as shelter (housing), tourism/hotel, accommodation, business/home industry, livestock, public facilities, etc. Therefore, the activities done on the wetland conversion area automatically changed. That activity on conversion area consequences in both liquid or solid waste, and it is often discharged into rivers or irrigation channels. Consequently, it may cause irrigation water pollution. Poor quality of irrigation water can endangering rice plant growth and reduce the production, which means blocking or inhibiting food self-sufficiency. This study is considered as field and laboratory research. There are some field activities done, namely observation of the pollution sources and types of pollutants, as well as waste disposal mechanisms and technologies used to tackle pollution. In order to determine the quality of irrigation water, the water samples taken in the primary channel (1 water sample), secondary channel (1 water sample), tertiary channel (1 water sample), and field area (3 samples of water). All water samples are analyzed at the Analytical Laboratory of Udayana University. The results of the study are the sources of pollution come from channel natural environments, public facilities, housing and household waste. It was found that there are some types of waste, namely natural garbage, artificial garbage, liquid or solid waste in small amount. The mechanism of waste disposal is done conventionally and there is no application of technology of waste disposal. The outcome of the study is irrigation water quality for rice is still suitable for irrigation.