Targeting Worship Places: “A Comparative Study on International Humanitarian Law and Islamic Law”.

War and atrocities are not new to this world, Islamic law and IHL both have addressed this subject and have described the principle of warfare such as that the belligerents must minimize incidental harm to civilians and civilian objects including religious site, and that this limits the means and methods that they can use. Islamic law which comprises of sharia and fiqh discusses this subject but it is not codified. Islamic law has not yet been acknowledged when it comes to IHL -even article 38 recognizes general principles of nation as a source. Islam is the second largest religion in the world which mirrors the modern framework of IHL and is complementary to that regime.

SPIRITUALITY, ANCIENT TIMES AND PIONEER SKILL: PIONEER AWARENESS CREATION ON A FAMOUS RELIGIOUS SITE IN SRI LANKA

The pursuit of this paper1 is coordinated to talk about the "compelling" part of pioneer information in the desultory developments of one of the famous journey locales, Sri Pada in Sri Lanka. What I investigate here is the manner by which distinctive legitimate talks arise about Sri Pada from the diverse pilgrim skill, Portuguese 1505-1687 , Dutch 1687-1896 and British 1896-1948 . As we currently know, legitimate talk on the 'colonized' was to a great extent created through the specialists of the provincial governments, military work force, Christian preachers, philologists and chairmen. In such manner, Sri Pada was not outstanding. I'm mindful that these types of information creation change with changes in the acts of expansionism. In this regard, I examine what gets recognized and checked by pilgrim approved information as 'Adam's Peak'.

PENGEMBANGAN WISATA RELIGI PETILASAN PANGERAN BENOWO DI KECAMATAN BENER KABUPATEN PURWOREJO

The existence of religious sites is currently very popular among the community, so that the existence of this religious site is not only a site to be visited as a destination for takziyah but also along with the development of the existing religious sites can provide other economic values, namely as a medium for preaching and trading. One such religious site is located in Benowo Village, Bener District, Purworejo Regency. namely the Prince Benowo site which became the forerunner to the existence of Benowo Village in Purworejo Regency. Prince Benowo is the son of the king of the Pajang kingdom named sultan Hadiwijaya or better known as Jaka Tingkir, where during the Dutch colonial period around 1600 AD Prince Benowo and his followers stepped aside or took refuge somewhere on the way from the Pajang kingdom to the Mataram kingdom and stopped at Menoreh Mountains, to be precise on a hill called Batur, which is currently known to the general public as Benowo Village. Prince Benowo's petilasan is currently being used as religious tourism which can be a special attraction for tourists to visit Benowo village. Tourists can see the historical value of the existence of Prince Benowo's petilasan, including the existence of the sendang used by the followers of Prince Benowo for drinking and cleaning, as well as items used by Prince Benowo's entourage, including ceramic plates, stone bowls, umbrellas, and etc. The existence of special religious interest tourism has made the managers of the Benowo tourism village start to improve by optimizing the existing tourism potential, both natural, cultural and artistic tourism to be able to attract more tourists to visit Benowo tourism village. The weaknesses of the development of this religious tourism village in Benwo Village are 1) There is no development plan for the development of existing religious tourism potential, and 2) Prince Benowo Religious Tourism has not been managed properly Based on the above problems, the service and partners will solve the above problems through planning training activities for the development of religious tourism, Prince Benowo, and 2) Assistance in the management of religious tourism through strengthening human resources. So that the output target of this service activity is 1). The creation of religious tourism development in Benowo village, 2) The creation of religious tourism governance

SOCIALIZATION AND TOURISM AWARENESS TRAINING FOR MANAGERS AND RESIDENTS OF COMMUNITIES AROUND AROSBAYA CRETACEOUS TOURISM OBJECT MADURA

Background: Arosbaya Limestone Hill has now become one of the alternative developing tourist attractions in Madura. The shape of the hill that has sculptures from the rest of the limestone quarry with unique shapes and the red color of the hill blushed into a uniqueness that invited many tourists to this destination. Besides that, its location is easily accessible and not far from other tourist destinations, namely the grave religious site of the Bangkalan Kings “Mother’s Tears” which incidentally are already well-known making the potential of this destination developed quite large. Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to increase the understanding and ability of both managers and residents around the Arobi Kapur Hill attractions in Berbeluk Village Arosbaya District Bangkalan Madura Regency on how to manage a tourist destination. Methods: awareness raising and tourism awareness training in the form of awareness of tourism awareness concepts and Sapta Pesona Wisata, tourism management training and excellent service. Results: From the results of the socialization and training, the manager and the community around the Bukit Kapor Arosbaya tourism object can get attention and gain knowledge and skills regarding aspects in the management and management of attractions. Conclusion: Partners get increased knowledge and skills in managing a destination. So that his hope through this program creates economic independence of citizens, especially young people through the field of tourism, the availability of new jobs for residents, and the availability of sustainable management of attractions.

Manakamana Temple Tourism

Many tourists from India specially visit Nepal for religious purpose. This study has been concentrated on religious tourism and its socio economic impacts in Manakamana. Manakamana temple is one of the important religious site of Nepal located in Gorkha district around 104 KM far from the Kathmandu. After establishment of the cable car in 2001 by Manakamana Drashan Private Limited, had brought changing dimension in the pilgrimage tourism. There can be seen both positive and negative impacts of the cable car. It is being the center of attraction of the tourist to visit Manakamana. It has increased and tourism related activities jump a long step in the area, however, the cable car had directly hit the traditional business like horse riding business, moles, donkeys, used as porter activities and so on. In this connection how and why pilgrimage tourism brings socio economic changes in Manakamana area as well as what types of negative and positive impacts. This study is based on both primary and secondary data and followed qualitative research design. For this study data were collected by using observation and individual questionnaires.

Temporal Layers in Heritage Tourism: Christianity and Islam in an Algarvian Chapel

The worldwide expansion of cultural and heritage tourism presents several opportunities for destination development, but also poses significant challenges in terms of management. This is especially true when different, overlapping, and potentially conflicting meanings coexist in the same location, as when distinct layers of the history of a site are unearthed by archaeology. Considering faith as confidence in the perpetuation of identities, an element common to both heritage and religion, this paper presents the results of a study of the heritagization process of a Christian chapel in Loulé (Algarve, Portugal), where traces of the city’s Islamic past were uncovered, and of the strategies implemented considering the site’s overlapping meanings. The results indicate that the embracement, rather than the suppression, of dissonant layers of significance in the heritagization of a religious site can contribute to a community’s richer sense of its enduring memory through a new dialogue with its multifaceted past and the validation of previously disregarded traces of its identity.

Victor Turner’s theory of symbols: the symbolism of a religious site and object in a rural environment in eastern Slovakia

This article is dedicated to the symbolism of a religious site (the church) and a religious object (the cross) in Christianity in a concrete locality and community. The study was based on Victor Turner’s theory of ritual and symbols. I used Turner’s definitions and classification of symbols as well as his theses related to rituals. My aim was to demonstrate that the church and the cross can be categorized as dominant symbols in Christianity, even though they besr distinct characteristics of dominant symbols. The data analyzed in the present text were collected by the ethnographic interview and participant observation methods during ethnographic field research. The research was conducted in eastern Slovakia, in a village in which the majority of resident are affiliated with the Greek-Catholic faith. Building on the analysis of ethnographic data, I will demonstrate the strenghts and weaknesses of Turner's theory of symbols. During the analysis, I will suggest possible answers, stemming mainly from cognitive anthropology, for certain questions left unanswered by Turner.

India’s Supreme Court will be amenable to Modi

Subject Outlook for India's judiciary. Significance Sharad Arvind Bobde last month succeeded Ranjan Gogoi as chief justice. Before retiring from the Supreme Court, Gogoi announced verdicts in several important cases, including a dispute over a religious site in which the Court favoured a Hindu claimant. That particular outcome was a fillip for Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government, which strongly promotes majoritarian Hindu values. Impacts The Modi government will try to implement the National Register of Citizens across India, stoking religious tensions. The Supreme Court’s response to petitions challenging Modi’s Kashmir move will show how far it is willing to confront the executive. Obligation on the chief justice to disclose nominations for higher judicial appointments may breed greater confidence in India’s judiciary.

PREAH VIHEAR CONFLICT AND THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE

Preah Vihear is one of the temples located in Cambodia. That place is known as a Hindu religious site that is very important for worship activity. As important as this site is, Cambodia and Thailand have conflicted not only once but twice regarding ownership of the Preah Vihear complex. A row over territory around Preah Vihear's 11th Century temple continues to strain relations between Thailand and Cambodia. The first conflict happened in the 1950s, while the second one started in 2008. Focusing on the second conflict, this paper studies about reasons for the re-emerge of the conflict after decades, the use of military forces in resolving this conflict, the factors that might encourage the use of military force, and the role of ASEAN in attempt to solve the problem as a regional organization that has both Cambodia and Thailand as the members using realism theories. Keywords: Preah Vihear conflict, Thailand, Cambodia, Military force, Realism