Correlation of secreted frizzled related protein-4 adipokin expression and expression of fatty liver changes under the conditions of a chronic experiment

The article highlights the results of a study of a new method for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a living organism by determining the serum level of the marker Secreted frizzled related protein-4 (SFRP4) with histological confirmation of the results. In a chronic experiment, the parameters of two groups of experimental animals were studied: control and experimental, 15 rats each. The control (reference) group of animals was in the usual feed and drinking mode, the experimental received food with a high content of carbohydrates and fats. The results of biochemical blood tests and autopsy biomaterials on day 180 of the experiment indicated the presence of fatty changes in the liver in the experimental group of animals. The importance of circulating adipokine SFRP4 in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been confirmed. A histologically confirmed direct correlation of SFRP4 with the degree of liver fibrosis in NAFLD was revealed. The place of SFRP4 in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver damage is explained. It is noted that in case of successful extrapolation of the results of the study on the human body, information will become a successful solution to one of the most pressing problems of modern hepatology.

Toxicological Characteristics Of N-Deacetyllappaconitine Under Chronic Administration In White Rats

In chronic experiments in laboratory animals, studied toxicological perspective new antiarrhythmic effect of N-deacetyllappaconitine for the treatment of arrhythmic states, an original herbal preparation based on Aconitum leucostonum, Ac.Septentrionale was created. During 2,5 months of intragastric administration in animals exposed to all doses of N-deacetyllappaconitine, no deviations in the parameters of the functioning of the nervous system were found, therefore, this value is the lowest effective (threshold) dose in a chronic experiment.

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF UTERINE APPENDAGES TORSION ON THEIR PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE EXPERIMENT

The aim: The study of pathomorphological changes in uterine appendages during torsion of different duration and after their detorsion in the experiment on rats. Materials and methods: Experimental studies were performed on the basis of vivarium in the conditions of chronic experiment on 48 females of outbred white rats weighing 200.0 ± 20.0 grams.The essence of the experimental model is that the female rats, under the ketamine’s anesthesia at the rate of 1-2 mg / kg of the drug, conduct a right-sided ovary twist at 7200 in the projection of the oviduct with fixation of the organs with an external clip of indifferent metal. Results: After ovarian detorsion, until 72 hours after its torsion, reliable reversible restoration of the structural components of the ovary is determined as a positive consequence of the effect of the correction factor (detorsion). Conclusions: The data obtained in the experiment showed that there was a discrepancy between the macroscopic features of the twisted uterine appendages and the microscopic changes in their morphological examination. Despite the presence of external signs of necrosis in the tissue of the uterine appendages, after the detorsion and the restoration of blood flow in them, studies have shown the possibility of performing organ-saving surgical operations in the torsion of the uterine appendages.

In memory of Academician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (on the 170th anniversary of his birth)

The main years of the life and scientific creativity of I.P. Pavlova. Illuminated little-known facts from the life of a scientist. It is noted that IP Pavlov is one of the most prominent representatives of modern natural science, the creator of the materialistic theory of higher nervous activity of humans and animals, the founder of the largest physiological school of modernity and new approaches and methods of research in physiology. Pavlov I.P, studied many topical problems of physiology and medicine, but his most systematic and thorough research relates to the physiology of the circulatory and digestive systems, as well as the higher parts of the central nervous system: they are rightfully considered classic, which opened new pages in the relevant sections of physiology and medicine. New and valuable were the results of his research also on individual issues of the physiology of the endocrine system, comparative physiology, physiology of labor and pharmacology. Being deeply convinced that “for a natural scientist, everything is in a method,” IP Pavlov elaborated and introduced the practice of physiological research into the method of a chronic experiment, based on the need for a multilateral and detailed study of the body’s functions in natural conditions, in inseparable communication and interaction with the environment. This method brought the physiology out of the impasse created by a one-sided, analytical method of acute vivisection experiment that prevailed for a long time. Used in the early works of Pavlov on the physiology of blood circulation, the method of chronic experiment was elevated to the rank of a new scientific experimental principle in basic research on the physiology of digestion and then perfected when studying the functions of the higher parts of the central nervous system. Pavlov I.P comprehensively researched and studied the dynamics of the secretory process of the gastric and salivary glands, pancreatic glands, the work of the liver in the use of food of different quality, proved their ability to adapt to the nature of the causative agents of secretion. Created by Pavlov’s theory of higher nervous activity is one of the greatest achievements of natural science in the 20th century. It is a system of the most reliable, complete, accurate and deep knowledge of brain functions and is of great practical importance for medicine, psychology, pedagogy, and scientific organization of complex labor processes.

SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PERMISSIBLE DAILY DOSE OF A TECHNICAL PRODUCT DERIVED FROM CHLOROACETAMIDES

Introduction. The scientific basis for the safe use of pesticides are comprehensive sanitary and toxicological studies to study the parameters of their toxicity and biological action, hygienic regulation for the purpose of scientific justification of regulations and safety measures when working with them. Purpose of research. The study of parameters of acute and chronic toxicity, biological actions technical product derived chloracetamide, at oral intake of mammals (rats), the rationale of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for humans. Material and methods of research. In acute experiments used white male rats weighing 210-220 g Tested doses 1000 and 4000 mg/kg of body weight. Statistical group for each dose consisted of 6 animals. Chronic experiment was carried out on male rats with body weight 180-190 g. Doses were tested: 3,5; 17,6 and 70,0 mg/kg body weight. Statistical groups of each dose and control group included 20 animals. In the dynamics of the experiment, the state and behavior of animals, water and food consumption were observed, the terms of death were fixed, changes in body weight, physiological, biochemical and hematological parameters were recorded. The value of the permissible daily dose was determined by the ratio of the maximum inactive dose to the reserve ratio. Results. As a result of the research it was found that LD50 of the studied compound is 2172 ± 370 mg/kg. In the chronic experiment, the dose of 3.5 mg/kg b.w. does not cause significant changes in all the studied parameters, at a dose of 17.6 mg/kg b.w. single changes, the dose of 70.0 mg/kg. had a polytropic effect on the body of experimental animals. Discussion. The studied technical product for acute oral toxicity refers to low-hazard compounds. It was found that multiple oral intake of the studied product at a dose of 70.0 mg/kg weight body revealed changes in the state of the Central nervous system, and the analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters of blood showed that changes in carbohydrate, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, aminobelic metabolism occur in animals. Conclusions. The studied compound for acute oral toxicity according to the hygienic classification of pesticides (SanPiN 1.2.2584-10) belongs to the 4th hazard class. Dose: 70,0 mg/kg weight body - acting; 17,6 mg/kg weight body - threshold; 3.5 mg/kg weight body - inactive. The permissible daily dose (DSD) for a person is 0.035 mg/kg.

An influence of the cream with cerium dioxide nanoparticles on some vital signs of rats in the setting of a topical application in a chronic experiment

Melanoma and non-melanoma cancers are global healthcare problems nowadays. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is one of the risk factors of development of these pathologies. An introduction of sunscreen creams with cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CDN) in medical practice will widen the spectrum of measures of prevention of UV-induced injuries, namely, skin malignancies. Development of such products includes the complex of non-clinical studies in the field of safety pharmacology. The study on an influence of the cream with CDN on some vital signs of rats in the setting of a topical application in a chronic experiment. Standardized CDN 6–15 nm in size were synthesized in TOV ‘NanoMedTech’, the dermal cream with 0.25% CDN was developed in SSI ‘Institute for Single Crystals’ of NAS of Ukraine. The experiment was carried out on 100 white female Wistar rats. Animals were allocated into 5 groups with 20 rats each: an intact control, an application of the cream with CDN in the doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg, an application of a cream base (placebo). The cream with CDN was applied on skin once a day during 6 months. Toxicity was evaluated on the basis of following indices: survivability, overall health and behavior of animals, ingestion of food and water, body mass dynamics, hematological and serum biochemical indices, macroscopic structure and mass coefficients of internal organs. No mortality, deterioration of overall health, changes in behavior and ingestion of food and water were observed in groups of an application of the cream with CDN; body mass dynamics were positive. There were no critical differences in hematological (hemoglobin; erythrocyte, thrombocyte, leukocyte count; leucogram) and serum biochemical (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, chlorides) indices between groups of an application of the cream with CDN and control groups over a period of the experiment. A macroscopic evaluation of condition of internal organs didn’t show any toxic effect of the cream with CDN, and mass coefficients were standard for rats and basically didn’t differ from those in control groups. The cream with CDN in the doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg in the setting of a topical application in rats once a day during 6 months is safe – it doesn’t cause animal mortality, doesn’t influence overall health, behavior of animals, ingestion of food and water, doesn’t contribute to negative body mass dynamics, doesn’t have a negative impact on hematological and serum biochemical indices, and doesn’t alter a macroscopic structure and mass coefficients of internal organs of rats.