HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN PENURUNAN KECEMASAN PADA LANJUT USIA SAAT HOSPITALISASI

Kecemasan merupakan salah satunya gangguan mental yang sering dialami lanjut usia saat menjalani hospitalisasi. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di Ruang Pratama dan Pratiwi Rumah Sakit Ciremai Cirebon selama 3 bulan terakhir didapatkan data jumlah pasien lansia sebanyak 246 pasien, yaitu 82 pasien pada bulan Desember, 83 pasien pada bulan Januari dan 81 pasien pada bulan Februari 2016. Dengan rata-rata usia 45-66 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan penurunan kecemasan pada lanjut usia saat hospitalisasi di Ruang Pratama dan Pratiwi Rumah Sakit Ciremai Cirebon Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif korelasi. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 45 responden.Berdasarkan hasil uji stastistik Chi Square didapatkan Asymp.sig (p value) sebesar 0.005 (0.005 ≤ 0.005) maka Ho ditolak. Artinya ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan penurunan kecemasan pada lanjut usia saat hospitalisasi di Ruang Pratama dan Pratiwi Rumah Sakit Ciremai Tahun 2016.Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat disempurnakan oleh peneliti selanjutnya, karena penelitian masih banyak membutuhkan perbaikan dan masukan. Serta dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan referensi dan masukan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.Kata Kunci : Dukungan Keluarga, Kecemasan, Lansia, Hospitalisasi ABSTRACTAnxiety represent one of them mental disorder which is often experienced of elderly hospitalization. Pursuant to result of done antecedent study in Pratama room and Pratiwi room of Ciremai Hospital of Cirebon during last 3 months in getting data of is amount of patient of elderly counted 246 patient, that is 82 patient in December, 83 patient in January and 81 patient in Februari 2016. With age mean 45-66 year. Target of this research is to know family support relation with degradation of dread at continuing moment age of hospitalization in Pratama room and of Pratiwi room of Ciremai Hospital in 2016. This research have the character of descriptively of correlation. Method which in using for this research is survey method. Intake of data in doing with approach of sectional cross by using quesioner. Technique intake of sampel which in using is sampling purposive, with amount of sampel 45 responder. Pursuant to result of test of ststistik Chi Square got[by asymp.Sig ( value p) equal to 0.005 ( 0.005 ≤ 0.005) hence Ho refused and Is Ha accepted. Its meaning there is relation which is signifikan between family support with degradation of dread at continuing moment age of hospitalization in Pratama room and Pratiwi room of Ciremai Hospital In 2016. This research is expected can be completed by its researcher, because research still requiring many input and repair. And also can be made upon which input and reference for furthermore research.Key words : family support, anxiety, elderly, hospitalization

The Normativity of Evidence

Any case against the argument from analogy appears to rely on the assumption that the evidential-support relation is not itself a normative relation. This chapter identifies three ways in which one might challenge this assumption and responds to each. In doing so it claims that existing responses to this problem in the literature are insufficient: they rely on objective conceptions of probability that are ill-suited to account for epistemic probabilities. It claims that epistemic error theorists may be forced to deny that there are any evidential-support relations but that, surprisingly, this is less of a concession than it may at first appear.

Seemings

Chapter 12 concludes the book by contrasting phenomenal accessibilism with Michael Huemer’s phenomenal conservatism. Section 12.1 defines phenomenal conservatism as the global principle that you have epistemic justification to believe a proposition just when it seems strongly enough on balance to be true. Section 12.2 explains the concept of a seeming and outlines an argument that there are no nonperceptual seemings. Section 12.3 argues that phenomenal conservatism imposes implausible restrictions on evidence: all seemings are evidence, but not all evidence is seemings. Section 12.4 argues that phenomenal conservatism gives an overly simplistic account of the evidential support relation: it cannot explain why epistemic rationality requires not only perceptual coherence, but also introspective coherence, logical coherence, and metacoherence. Section 12.5 argues that phenomenal accessibilism is needed to explain these essential characteristics of epistemically rational thinkers. Section 12.6 concludes by summarizing why phenomenal accessibilism is superior to phenomenal conservatism.

Dukungan Sosial dengan Kecemasan Pasien Stroke di Rumah Sakit Stroke Nasional Bukittinggi

Stroke can affect the whole body such as paralysis, cognitive deficits, speech difficulties, emotional difficulties, pain, and problems in daily life. The recovery process in post-stroke patients take a long time and also require social support because they are not able to solve their own problems. Data WHO (2012) show every years as many 17 million cause of death in the world because of stroke. Anxiety is a feeling of fear that is not clear and is not supported by the situation. When we feel anxious, the individual feels uncomfortable, afraid or may have a bad feeling. Social support for the sufferers urgently needed as long as the sufferers still able to understand the meaning of that support as an advocate for live.This study aimed to determine the social support relation with anxienty stroke patient. This research is a Cross-Sectional with Accidental Sampling method. This research do at National Stroke Hospital Bukittinggi with 160 respondens. The statistical test used is Chi-Square. The result of statistical test showed a significant between the social support relation with anxiety stroke patient with p-value = 0,000 (α ≤ 0,05).The hospital is expected to urge the family to more actively in volve in caring for stroke patients and provide counseling to them in order to better understand the importance of any rehabilitation program recommended.

Does Audit Firm Tenure Matter to Audit Committee Members? Evidence from an Accounting Dispute

SYNOPSIS This study examines the effects of Big 4 audit firm tenure on audit committee member support for the auditor in an auditor/management dispute over a subjective accounting issue. One hundred eighteen U.S. public company audit committee members participated in an experiment with audit firm tenure (short/long) manipulated randomly between subjects. The results indicate that participants in the long audit firm tenure group provide more support for the auditor in the dispute than participants in the short tenure group. Audit committee support for the auditor is positively related to audit committee member experience and CPA status, as well as perceived management pressure to meet analyst expectations, but negatively related to perceived management experience in financial reporting. Finally, audit committee members' perceptions of audit firm reliability (i.e., credibility and dependability) mediate the audit firm tenure-auditor support relation. Overall, our results suggest enhanced audit committee support for longer-tenured auditors.

The Logic of Reasons

We discuss the need for and prospects of a logic describing the relation among reasons and the outcomes they support. After noting some shortcomings of the dominant weighing conception of this support relation, we very briefly outline the basic idea behind two attempts at providing such a logic. We then describe a few topics that are ripe for further research: the logical relations among reasons themselves, the source and formal structure of priority relations among reasons, whether the strengths of multiple reasons can combine, and a problem concerning the strength of undercutting defeaters.