The Quality of Life in the Light of Immanence and Its Sacrality in the Light of Transcendence

One of the biggest current issues of European society is the dramatic decrease of the natality rate in most countries. Comparing these low natality rates and the increased mortality rates, we can conclude that in a not too distant future, the European demographic fund will differ greatly from the current one. In this context, the biotechnological industry is looking for a way to extend life for as long as possible. The paper analyses the way in which the two categories – people who want to extend their life and people who want to bring it to an end – report to the transcendental relationship. The questions for which an answer is sought are: Can we, in the light of immanence, reach the truth? Which are the answers of medicine, bioethics, and theology?

Coronavirus Highly Hits the Elderly People and the Natality Rate: A SocioDemographic Appraisal

The unexpected Corona crisis is affecting all ages, but mostly the elderly people of 65 years and over have been infected, hit and dead. The Coronavirus has also highly affected the rate of natality everywhere in the world. Besides that, many marriages have been postponed or suspended. In the United States where the number of Coronavirus affected people is the highest as compared with other parts of the world; 8 out of 10 deaths reported have been in adults 65 years and older [1]. Therefore, the present crisis will lead to the lack of children, optimistically when Coronavirus will be behind us. Even the children during the Corona crisis have not easy access to pediatrics and medical treatments. So, the natality situation is currently a hidden event, not being monitored by the social actors. The aging affected people are observed and talked about, whereas the newborns are not spoken about. Increasing number of developing societies are concerned with the issue. Therefore, natality issue needs more investigation by the sociologists as well as demographers. The method of research used in the present research is of qualitative type, and the whole theme is more sociologically appraised.

Population analysis of Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912) released in 2007 in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia

Hernowo JB. 2017. Population analysis of Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi Stresemann 1912) released in 2007 in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 1: 83-89. The population of Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi) has been released in the year 2007 in Bali Barat National Park should be monitored. Monitoring of the Bali Mynah (BM) population development was done in June 2008, June 2009 and October 2009. Monitoring method employed was direct observation focused on rations feeding site and surrounding areas at Tanjung Gelap (Menjangan Resort). The individual number that was released in June 2008 was 20 individuals, and that in June 2009 and October 2010 was, respectively, 20 individuals and 22 individuals. The Bali Mynah survival is approximately 77.27-110.53% in two respective years. The bird natality rate is 10.53%. The sex ratio is about 1:1 and birds age structure are 95.24% adult and 4.76% sub adult. The over-all population of Bali Mynah (BM) at Tanjung Gelap is in good condition. The important factors that support Bali Mynah survival in the wild habitat is through managed nest box, food rations, and BM safety.

TEKANAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DAN SUMBER DAYA LAHAN/PERAIRAN DI WILAYAH PESISIR SERTA ALTERNATIF PENANGANANNYA

Tekanan penduduk terhadap wilayah pesisir seperti pembuangan limbah,sampah rumah tangga, industri, dan plastik terus berlangsung, terutama di wilayah padat penduduk. Tulisan ini menguraikan akar-akar penyebab degradasi lingkungan yang berperan di suatu area tetap dan alternatif penanggannya. Hasil kajian di kecamatan pesisir dalam Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan atau pra sejahtera teramati di masyarakat pesisir. Penyebabnya antara lain adalah ketatnya persaingan pememanfaatan sumberdaya lahan/perairan, tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk, dan peningkatan penggunaan teknologi penangkapan ikan yang merusak sumberdaya ikan dan pembukaan lahan tambak. Tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk mengakibatkan tingginya persaingan pemanfaatan sumberdaya lahan/perairan sehingga terbentuk hubungan sosial patron klien. Lingkungan pemukiman tidak baik akibat kepadatan penduduk perlu ditata. Beberapa alternatif penanganannya adalah penurunan tingkat kelahiran, pengorganisasian kelompok nelayan secara aktif dalam pembuatan aturan pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan laut, pembatasan izin masuk wilayah penangkapan terutama untuk alat tangkap tidak selektif dan bermotor, dan penyediaan alternatif sumber pendapatan di luar perikanan.People pressures in coastal area such as waste exile of housing, industries and plastics exist continously. This paper described some roots causing environmental degradation playing in a fix area and their alternative solution. The observation in coaltal area of Distric Indramayu, West Java showed that poority or pra walfare was observed. It was caused by high competation in utilizing land/waters and high people growth, increasing use of fishing technology damaging fish resources and opening brackish water pond. High people growth caused increasing in utilizing resources of land/waters in coastal area so that client social patron existed. Bad environmental residence as a result of people density should be well organized. Some alternative solution suggested are declining natality rate, organizing fisher group in reguliting marine fiheries resource plan, limitation of enter pemit to fishing area, espicially for purse seine as well as providing an alternative source income out of fisheries.

Population ecology of the nectar-feeding squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) in remnant forest in subtropical Australia

Context. Nectar is a temporally variable food resource. However, because few studies describe the population dynamics of nectar-feeding non-flying mammals, it is unclear how such populations are influenced by resource availability. Aims. We investigated the population ecology of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) in remnant forest in Brisbane, Australia, where nectar was a dominant food item. Methods. We used 36 tree-mounted traps to census a squirrel glider population inhabiting a 47-ha urban remnant over a 4-year period. Key results. A total of 201 gliders was captured 705 times in 3729 trap-nights (19% trap success). Population density peaked in the first year at ~1.6 individuals ha–1, and declined down to ~0.5 individuals ha–1 by the final year. This change in population density appeared to be mediated by annual variation in flowering intensity. Births occurred from March to November, peaking between April and July. All females >1 year old bred in each year of the study, with a mean litter size of 1.7 (n = 122). The overall natality rate was 1.9, indicating that females occasionally bred twice per year. The sex ratio was at parity in the pouch and in the trappable population. Gliders first entered the trappable population at 4 months of age, and persisted for a mean of 32 months. The maximum longevity was at least 6 years. Conclusions. The demographic characteristics of this squirrel glider population within remnant forest surrounded by urban development were similar to those reported elsewhere. Variation in nectar availability appears to have a substantial influence on the dynamics of squirrel glider populations. Implications. The substantial variation in population size driven by food availability raises concerns regarding the viability of small populations of nectarivorous non-flying mammals inhabiting remnant habitat.

Body size of female calves and natality rates of known-aged females in two adjacent Alaskan caribou herds, and implications for management

We studied body mass of female calves and natality rate of adult females in two adjacent Interior Alaskan caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) herds during 1991-2001. Mass of newborn calves was similar in both herds, but Delta calves gained significantly more mass over summer than Nelchina calves. In contrast, Nelchina calves consistently maintained their mass during winter while Delta calves lost mass. Metatarsus length was similar in both herds in 4-month-old and 10-month-old calves, and it increased over winter in both herds. Natality rates of females >3 years old were consistently higher in the Delta Herd than in the Nelchina Herd, primarily because natality in 3- to 5-year-old Nelchina females was low. Although body mass of Delta Herd calves consistently declined over winter, we concluded that nutrition was not significantly limiting herd growth. Managers are more likely to maximize harvest by maintaining the Delta Herd near its present size (i.e., 3500), or allowing it to increase only slightly. The only real option for increasing harvestable surpluses of caribou in the Delta Herd is reducing predation during calving and summer. In contrast, we conclude that summer nutrition significantly limits potential population growth and body mass in the Nelchina Herd, and managers are more likely to maximize harvest by maintaining herd size at or below 30 000 than by allowing the herd to grow to near historical highs (i.e., 60 000-70 000).

The population ecology of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) within a network of remnant linear habitats

The geographic range of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) in south-eastern Australia largely corresponds with fertile soils highly suited for agriculture. As a consequence of extensive clearing for agriculture, the conservation of P. norfolcensis in south-eastern Australia is now reliant on a mosaic of many fragmented and isolated patches of woodland and forest. In this study, I investigated the population dynamics of P. norfolcensis in an agricultural landscape where most remnant woodland occurs as linear strips along roadsides, unused road reserves and watercourses. A total of 251 gliders were trapped 1343 times within the linear habitats between December 1996 and November 1998. Gliders were resident within the linear strips at 0.95–1.54 individuals ha–1, a density equal to, or greater than, that recorded elsewhere for the species in continuous forest. All adult females were reproductively active and the mean natality rate was 1.9 young per adult female per year. Overall, the population age-structure appeared to be stable. While currently supporting a stable, high-density population, the long-term viability of these remnants as habitat is not assured because roadside reserves are narrow, easily fragmented and subjected to a host of deleterious processes causing ongoing habitat loss and degradation.

Increases in body weight and nutritional status of transplanted Alaskan caribou

Body weight and natality rate in ungulates can be useful indices to nutririon, bur they may also be influenced by genetic and climatic factors. Because caribou {Rangifer tarandus granti) are distributed as discrete populations of metapopulations (i.e., herds) that are usually reproductively isolated from each other for unknown periods, it is difficult to separate the influence of genetics and nutrition on body weight, especially where historical data are lacking. To help elucidate the influence of nutrition on potential variation in body weight and natality of caribou in Alaska, we reviewed data for body weight and natality in 5 populations which resulted from Transplants to previously ungrazed ranges, or to areas where reindeer and caribou had been absent for many decades. In 2 of 5 populations body weight increased significantly, and likely increased in the other 3 populations, but data were insufficient. Natality rate increased in all 5 populations, proportion of fecund yearlings was high and 3 of the 5 newly established herds increased at about the maximum biological potential for the species (lambda=1.35). In the Adak transplant, a lactating yearling was documented. These 5 transplanted populations provide additional evidence that body weight and natality rate in Alaskan caribou are sensitive to changes in population density and relatively short-term (i.e., 10 years) increases in grazing pressure independenr of climate and genetics.