A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ERYTHROCYTE INDICES AND STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Objective: To obtain the association between the erythrocyte indices and the stages of CKD. Material & Methods: This is a systematic review study conducted by searching for articles through PubMed, Proquest, and Google Scholar. Publication year are from 2010 to 2020. Results: There are 10 articles analyzed. There were 3 articles that showed a significant association and 2 articles that showed no significant association between erythrocyte indices and stages of CKD. Other article that used anemia morphology to represent the erythrocyte indices showed the normocytic normochromic as the largest percentage. 4 out of 5 articles with CKD patients who were known to be undergoing hemodialysis showed a significant difference in erythrocyte indices. Conclusion: There is association between the erythrocyte indices and stages of CKD.

Erythrocyte Indices and Long-term Blood Pressure Variability in Military Males

Backgrounds: Severe microcytic anemia has been associated with BP changes. Aims and Objectives: Whether the erythrocyte indices are associated with long-term BPV is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte size with long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) in young males. Methods: This study included 1,112 healthy military males, averaging 32 years of age, in Taiwan. All participants took a measurement of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) every two-year from 2012 to 2018 (2012-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-18). Lev-els of hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes were obtained at the first visit. Long-term BPV was assessed by the standard deviation (SD) and aver-age real variability (ARV). Multivariate linear regression analysis with adjustment for the baseline BP levels and other covariates was used to elucidate the association. Results: Hemoglobin levels were borderline positively correlated with SD DBP (β and standard errors = 0.016 (0.009), P =0.06). In those with hemoglobin levels of 10.0-13.9 g/dL, hemoglobin was negatively correlated with SDSBP (β= -0.039 (0.018), P =0.03). In contrast, MCV levels were borderline positively correlated with SDSBP (β =0.085 (0.052), P =0.09). In those with MCV levels <80 fL, MCV was positively correlated with SDSBP and ARVSBP (β= 0.445 (0.210) and 0.286 (0.149), p = 0.03 and 0.05, re-spectively). Conclusion: There were inconsistent patterns for the associations of erythrocyte indices with long-term BPV. We found a U-shaped relationship of hemoglobin levels with sys-tolic BPV, whereas there was a positive linear relationship of hemoglobin and MCV levels with diastolic BPV, respectively.

Assessment of significance of erythrocyte indices as metabolic and microvascular complications markers in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Erythrocyte morphology is a reflection of both physiological and pathological reactions occurring in the body of patients with diabetes mellitus (hyperglycemia, adipose tissue dysfunction, dyslipidemia, lipid peroxidation, angiopathy, diabetic nephropathy, etc.). There are no available data in the literature that would characterize gradual and progressive changes in the morphology of the erythron system in patients with diabetes mellitus, the more so any analysis of the relationships with pathogenetic factors affecting them.Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature of erythrocyte index relationships with vascular and metabolic complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main objective of the study was to determine the changes in red blood cell indices at different stages of diabetic microangiopathies and in the presence of different indicators of metabolic control.Material and Methods. A total of 122 patients were enrolled in a single-stage, single-center, comparative, controlled study. Patients were assigned to three groups: group 1 comprised patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 41); group 2 comprised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 67); and group 3 comprised control patients (n = 14). Statistical processing of the results was performed using the SPSS Statistics 20 software.Results. Patients with diabetes mellitus are characterized by qualitative changes in the erythron system manifesting as changes in red blood cell indices.The study identified the significant associations between the changes in erythron system (erythrocyte indices) and various phenotypic features of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely: the duration of diabetes of over 10 years, type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with obesity, and the presence of dyslipidemia, diabetic retinopathy, and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus if glycated hemoglobin exceeded 8% with a subsequent corresponding increase per each 1%.Conclusion. Additional studies are required to implement these markers, in particular, a red cell distribution width, as risk factors for unfavorable prognosis i.e. the risk of developing various diabetes mellitus complications.

Valorization of Erythrocyte Indices in the Neonatal Period - A Pilot Study

Abnormal red blood cell indices are frequently missed among newborns that perform blood tests for any clinical reason.

Association between Thyroid Function and Erythrocyte Indices in General Population from the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

The purpose of the current investigation is to evaluate the relationship between erythrocyte indices and thyroid function in a general population from the southern region of Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study conducted on 3,007 subjects examined associations among erythrocyte indices, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine. The average age of the population was 48.40±0.261 years, ranging from 13 years to 90 years, and the most represented age group was <50 years. Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 8.41% of the study population, and the most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism followed by clinical hyperthyroidism. Most erythrocyte indices were significantly lower in the hypothyroidism group (both primary and subclinical) in comparison to the euthyroid group stratified by gender. According to our investigation, microcytic hypochromic anemia and normocytic normochromic anemia were detected in patients with hypothyroidism. Furthermore, females with subclinical hypothyroidism had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia than male population.

Association of body mass index with hemoglobin level, erythrocyte indices and red cell distribution width.

Objectives: Objective of this study is to evaluate the association of body mass index with hemoglobin Level, erythrocyte Indices and red cell distribution width in medical students of Baqai Medical University Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive cross - sectional study. Setting: Physiology Department of Baqai Medical University Karachi. Period: 15 February 2017 to 15 August 2017. Material & Methods: A total of 500 students were enrolled in this study. The anthropometric measurement [height (m2) and weight (kg)] was recorded for calculation of the Body Mass Index and Complete blood count i-e Hemoglobin%, erythrocyte indices {Mean corpuscular volume(MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Red cell distribution width (RDW) were done and Mentzer’s Index was calculated. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: It was observed in 500 medical students that 36% of the students were having low hemoglobin % level, while low values of erythrocyte indices (MCH: 38.0%, MCV 36.6% and MCHC 39.0% respectively) and 93.8% of participants had a higher values of RDW in study participants. Iron deficiency anemia (87.2%) and thalassemia (carrier or minor: 12.8%) were determined by using Menterzer Index. Mean body mass index of study participants were 23.04±3.68 and it was observed in study participants that only RDW was significantly associated with obese students (X²=9.878, p=0.02). Conclusion: With regard to our study results, higher percentage (87.2%) of Iron deficiency anemia were observed and having association between red cell distribution width to obesity.

ASYMPTOMATIC SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION IN CHILDREN

The aim was to determine hematological and biochemical changes in children who are carriers of SARS-CoV-2. Unlike H1N1 influenza-like illness the predictive factors of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic children (carriers of SARS-CoV-2) are distinctive ratio between lymphocytes and monocytes more than 2, with occasional eosinophila, and a dicrease in erythrocyte indices (MCH and MCV), and a rapid and strong increase in serum LDH value. The predictive factors are, presumably, useful for fast and cheap triage of children “from contact” until a PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 arrives.

Identification of Thalassemia Carrier in Anemic Pregnant Women at Puskesmas Kertapati Palembang: Comparison of Five Erythrocyte Indices

Anemia is a condition that is almost always found in pregnancy. Although a program of Fe tablets has been introduced during pregnancy, the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy is still high. This situation maybe caused by another risk factor of anemia such as Thalassemia. This study was aimed to investigate the presence of carrier Thalassemia in pregnant women at the Puskesmas Kertapati, Palembang, South Sumatera using erythrocyte indices. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 68 subjects, taken by purposive sampling technique. Hemoglobin level of all subjects was measured by Easy touch GCHb and confirmed by Sysmex K21. Differences of hemoglobin between Easy Touch GCHb and Sysmex K21 were analyzed by impaired t-test used SPSS program. Other data were analyzed using descriptive statistic.The mean hemoglobin levels in subjects were 10.7 g/dl. There were 68 subjects have anemia according to Easy Touch GCHb but only 30 subjects that confirmed positive anemia by Sysmex KX 21. T-test result gavep value <0.05 that isconsidered there was a statistically significant difference between Easy Touch GCHb and Sysmex KX 21 results(p=0.001). Calculations using the England-Fraser index, Mentzer, Sirdah, and Srivastava indicate that none of the research subjects had thalassemia carrier status.