The Forgotten meme. On the example of Life and works of Placyd Jankowski

Placyd Jankowski (known also as John of Dycalp) was a popular writer active in the 1840s, he quickly gained popularity thanks to his humorous lyrics, but before his death in 1872 he was almost forgotten by readers. This raises questions about the rules guiding cultural memory. One of the concepts that could explain the process of cultural heredity is the memetic theory proposed by Richard Dawkins. The scholar assumes the existence of cultural units subject to the process of evolution, which he called memes. Their success and survival depend on the fulfillment of specific characteristics to which the human mind is particularly susceptible, i.e. topicality, originality, narrative, and universality. Using the tools developed by memetics, the article will attempt to describe the reasons for social forgetting on the example of the life and work of Placyd Jankowski.

Z aktora kapłan. Od „Króla-Ducha” do „słowiańskiego papieża”

This article is concerned with the fragmentary nature of Juliusz Słowacki’s poem “Król‑Duch”, its mystical‑Christian dimension and the impact it had on Karol Wojtyła. Openness to infinity and perpetuality of literature is made clear by referring to Friedrich Schlegel and his idea on the endlessness of romantic poetry, as well as to Roland Barthes, who draws attention to the text as a fabric creating a “wonderful image”. “Król‑Duch”, being a work that requires a patient and soulful reader, ready to travel through the labyrinth, is noticed by Karol Wojtyla, who recognizes the poem as a perfect Christian epic. Participation in the Rhapsodic Theater and the change that occurred in the thought of the later pope indicate a deep understanding of the truths hidden in the work. It also proves that a new way of reading – a long conversation with the text, can lead to repentance. The article attempts to prove that literary mysticism, the experience of the relationship of the “I” with God, as well as spiritual activity bring the work of the romantic poet closer to the poetry of Karol Wojtyła, while making John Paul II the next “King‑Spirit”, the Spirit that orients the nation towards the highest levels of Divine Love.

Jazyková stránka diskusí mladých křesťanů v kyberprostoru

The present article introduces the results of the analysis of texts by Czech (Catholic) Christian young adults published in 2019 and 2020 on the website signaly.cz. This page is intended to unite Christians and support them in their faith. The texts are diverse in genre, their content is purely religious or secular, but it at least remotely touches on the issues of the spiritual life of man or his/her religiosity (“soft spirituality”). Posting on the internet testifies to the need for young people not only to strengthen themselves and others in their faith in God, but also to share trivial content that relates to daily life and behind which (in the background) they see God’s will, the expression of God’s love and wisdom.

K problematice převodu toponym mezi češtinou a polštinou – exonyma a endonyma

The article deals with the transfer of geographical names between Czech and Polish. It defines the terms endonymy and exonymy terminologically. It examines the scope of codification and official lists of geographical names and exonyms. It also discusses the issue of awareness of users of a given language of the existence of these lists and the frequency of their use.

From “the unpublished edition” to “the iconic book of the twentieth century”: The reception history of Gustaw Herling’s Un mondo a parte in Italy

The article presents the reception history of one book (“Un mondo a parte”) in four different historical periods. The key social, political, and historical transformations in post‑war Italy will provide an important context for the reflection. “The unpublished edition” from 1958 is now part of the canon of twentieth‑century world literature. The belated and turbulent reception history of “Un mondo a parte” in Italy was conditioned by ideology and can also be read as the story of the slow discovery of Gustaw Herling as a writer whose books are published in Italian.

Jakość usług tłumaczeniowych w świetle aktuálních zmian

The article touches important aspects of professional translator’s job, presenting two perspectives of translation process, according to Douglas Robinson and Anthony Pym theory. Nowadays, when the language services are still more and more needed, customer’s expectations are even higher. While the way to becoming a translator is still not easy, the author is trying to provide some information about translator’s dilemmas. The European Language Survey results show what are expectations and concerns of language industry, which changes in business practices we are observing at the moment and what are current challenges and obstacles. The article deals also with the problem of quality expectations in the light of the norm PN-EN ISO 17100:2015 and machine translations.

Применение метода перевернутого обучения в дистанционном вузовском обучении делового русского языка

The paper deals with the problematics of the flipped classroom method in distance university education. It describes the differences between traditional and innovative forms of teaching in the course of business Russian outlining their main advantages and disadvantages. The emphasis is put on the application of the flipped classroom method in an online distance course as well as on the analysis of the data obtained from a questionnaire.

Возможности лингвистического анализа иноязычных вкраплений польского происхождения в лексике русского языка

The article is devoted to the problem of foreign language inclusions of Polish origin in the vocabulary of the Russian language. The main attention is paid to three linguistic analyzes (etymological, semantic and stylistic), which are presented on the basis of the created database of language data. Etymological analysis examines the inclusions of Polish origin according to their belonging to the Polish language as a source or intermediate language, semantic analysis pays attention to the distribution of Polish-language inclusions according to lexical and semantic groups, stylistic analysis classifies the inclusions of Polish origin according to their speech style.

„Między fuksją a penisem”. O scenach erotycznych w polskiej prozie kryminalnej

The aim of the paper was depiction the language of erotic scenes in Polish crime novels after 2000. The writers describe sex scenes in different ways. They use, among others, vulgarisms, euphemistic, metaphorical or biological and medical language. The analysis of the language was based on the books of such writers as Paulina Świst, Katarzyna Bonda, Małgorzata and Michał Kuźmińscy, as well as Gaja Grzegorzewska. Moreover, it was essential to describe these scenes’ functions and determine what the writers show in these scenes show and how they characterise the protagonists. The article includes references, among others theory of erotism of Georges Bataille.

Językowe świadectwa przemian społeczno-kulturowych w najnowszej czeszczyźnie (na materiale Czeszczyzny 2.0.)

This dissertation focuses on characteristic of modern Czech language, reflecting the socio-cultural changes taking place in Czech society in last decades. It is obvious that new experiences require new words to refer to them clearly and efficiently, that is why cultural and social background in general and its relation to language will be considered. Attention is paid to the most important terms of the topic under study – vulgarism, cultural correctness, loanwords, economy of language, colloquialization of written and spoken Czech.