Influence of Social, Economic and Family Factors on Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review

Alcohol consumption is increasing global and it is the reasons for large number of death. According to WHO 2018, 3.3 million deaths worldwide related to alcohol consumption was recorded in 2016 alone. The use of alcohol has a serious impact on lives which leads to poverty, road accident, injury, domestic violence and crime. This study reviews the literature to find the predictors and provide direction for future work. Using a systematic literature review, several filtering process using selected keywords a total of 20 articles were reviewed. The findings showed that most of studies were conducted in Europe followed by US. There are limited number of reviewed studies and the predictors are mainly related to socio-economic status, social factors, demographics, social networking sites, family factor and stress. Findings were discussed and direction of future work were highlighted. More studies are needed to understand the predictors of alcohol consumption in the community as large. Due to limited studies related alcohol consumption in the developing countries, topic of alcohol use are needed to be investigated in order to fill in the gap in the literature. It is important to identify and understand factors causes alcohol consumption which leads to social and health problems in the society. By identifying these predictors could reduce a potential risk when individuals are exposed to harmful behavior.

The Dark Number of Insurance Crimes

Insurance crime makes is difficult to interpret and measure the scale of undisclosed crime. In the insurance industry, the perpetrator can easily craft a false claim by simulating, for example a traffic accident, injury, or property damage. This causes difficulties in the evidential process and measuring the scale of the phenomenon. The aim of the article is to analyse the phenomenon of the dark number of insurance crimes. This paper includes the analysis of the definition of the term ‘dark number’ and other factors, such the degree of market development, the effectiveness of detection, the level of insurance awareness, and the dimension of social consent in Poland and selected European countries. Defeating the problem of insurance crime and estimating the dark number of insurance crimes requires taking into account the specificity of individual markets and types of insurance. We prove that effective measurement and reduction of a dark number of insurance crime is not possible without the constant updating of knowledge about the phenomenon of insurance crime and the use of advanced IT tools.

Factors influencing clinical symptoms and treatment of patients with traffic accident injuries: A retrospective chart review with a questionnaire survey

This study analyzed factors influencing clinical symptoms and treatment of patients with traffic accident injuries. It used a retrospective chart review and questionnaire survey obtained from 560 patients (266 men and 294 women). It also conducted follow-up observations of progress after car insurance settlements and investigated the usefulness of and patient satisfaction with integrative Korean medicine treatment for traffic accident injuries. Retrospective data of patients admitted for traffic accident injury were obtained. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data regarding the degree of traffic accident damage, severity of pain at settlement, any treatment after settlement and duration and cost of such treatment, and patient satisfaction with car insurance services and Korean medicine treatment for traffic accident injury. The results showed no significant association between pain and the degree of damage to the car at the time of traffic accident (P = 0.662), although the degree of damage to the car was more significantly associated with time to reach a car insurance settlement than severity of pain in the patient (P = 0.003). There was no significant association between the degree of damage to the car in a traffic accident and pain after a traffic accident. Greater severity of pain at the time of the car insurance settlement was associated with greater cost and longer time spent in treatment after the car insurance settlement.