The Bridge between Screening and Assessment: Establishment and Application of Online Screening Platform for Food Risk Substances

In order to improve the risk identification ability of the technical support system of food safety supervision, an online screening platform for food risk substances (hereafter referred to as “platform”) was established. The platform aims at the qualitative analysis of unknown compounds and consists of three parts: a standard spectrum library, screening model, and online comparison module. The standard library contains the standard spectra of 527 food risk substances by high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. The screening comparison algorithm, the core of the screening model, is obtained through the improvement of the existing spectral library search algorithm. The inspector uploads the original spectrum file through the online comparison module; the online comparison module calls the corresponding script to convert the original spectrum file into a standard spectrum file and then uses the screening and comparison algorithm to achieve online real-time comparison. The comparison results are used to determine whether the sample to be tested contains the food risk substances contained in the standard library, so as to realize the preliminary screening of potential food risk substances. The platform supports the spectrogram data format of mainstream instrument manufacturers. The standard spectrogram database can be coconstructed and shared by cooperative laboratories to effectively enrich the types of food risk substances. Through laboratory comparison, data calibration, and model optimization, the screening accuracy of the platform can reach more than 97%. The platform adopts the Internet online screening method, which greatly facilitates the risk investigation and control of national food safety inspection and testing institutions. At the same time, the construction of the screening platform for food risk substances based on high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry, the Internet, big data, and other technologies will provide a new technical means for food safety risk management and control. Hence, it can build a bridge between the screening of risk substances and illegally added substances, as well as risk assessment, risk management, and control.

k-Shape Clustering for Extracting Macro-patterns in Intracranial Pressure Signals

Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a core component of neurosurgical diagnostics. With the introduction of telemetric monitoring devices in the last years, ICP monitoring has become feasible in a broader clinical setting including monitoring during full mobilization and at home, where a greater diversity of ICP waveforms are present. The need for identification of these variations, the so-called macro-patterns lasting seconds to minutes - emerges as a potential tool for better understanding the physiological underpinnings of patient symptoms. Methods: We introduce a new methodology that serves as a foundation for future automatic macro-pattern identification in the ICP signal to comprehensively understand the appearance and distribution of these macro-patterns in the ICP signal and their clinical significance. Specifically, we describe an algorithm based on k-Shape clustering to build a standard library of such macro-patterns. Results: In total, seven macro-patterns were extracted from the ICP signals. This macro-pattern library may be used as a basis for the classification of new ICP variation distributions based on clinical disease entities.Conclusions: We provide the starting point for future researchers to use a computational approach to characterize ICP recordings from a wide cohort of disorders.

Using herbarium samples for NGS methods – a methodological comparison

Herbaria harbor a tremendous amount of plant specimens that are rarely used for plant systematic studies. The main reason is the difficulty to extract a decent quantity of good quality DNA from the preserved plant material. While the extraction of ancient DNA in animals is well established, studies including old plant material are still underrepresented. In our study we compared the standard Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kit and a specific PTB-DTT protocol on to two different plant genera (Xanthium L. and Salix L.). The included herbarium material covered about two centuries of plant collections. A selected subset of samples was used for a standard library preparation as well as a target enrichment approach. The results revealed that PTB-PTT resulted in higher quantity and quality regarding DNA yield. Despite the lower overall yield of DNA, the Qiagen Kit resulted in better sequencing results regarding the number of filtered and mapped reads. We were able to successfully sequence a sample from 1820 and conclude that it is possible to include old herbarium specimens in NGS approaches. This opens a treasure box in phylogenomic research.

Automatic amortized resource analysis with the Quantum physicist’s method

We present a novel method for working with the physicist's method of amortized resource analysis, which we call the quantum physicist's method. These principles allow for more precise analyses of resources that are not monotonically consumed, like stack. This method takes its name from its two major features, worldviews and resource tunneling, which behave analogously to quantum superposition and quantum tunneling. We use the quantum physicist's method to extend the Automatic Amortized Resource Analysis (AARA) type system, enabling the derivation of resource bounds based on tree depth. In doing so, we also introduce remainder contexts, which aid bookkeeping in linear type systems. We then evaluate this new type system's performance by bounding stack use of functions in the Set module of OCaml's standard library. Compared to state-of-the-art implementations of AARA, our new system derives tighter bounds with only moderate overhead.

Analysis of English Performance Rating Based on Machine Learning and Optimized BP Network Technology

In order to improve the intelligent effect of English performance rating, this paper analyzes the English performance rating process and builds the corresponding algorithm model based on the wisdom of teaching ideas, and it combines BP spatial network technology with spatial sampling and spatial statistical algorithms to construct the system kernel algorithm. Moreover, this paper extracts students’ English answers through text recognition and compares them with the standard library. Among them, objective questions are mainly scored directly through standard answer comparison, and subjective questions compare student scores with standard answers. In addition, this paper uses a needs analysis to construct the framework of the entire English performance rating system and evaluates the practical effect of the system constructed in the paper through experimental research. According to statistical research data, the English performance rating system in this paper is known to have certain effects.

Một Giải Pháp Bảo Mật Dữ Liệu PCI-Express Sử Dụng Công Nghệ FPGA

Abstract—With high-speed data transmission such as PCI-Express, the cryptographic intervention in the transmission line, which does not affect the data transmission process but still ensures the data transmission rate of the protocol, will be the foundation to develop cryptographic applications using PCI-Express protocol. In this article, a technical solution to capture the data packet of the PCI-Express protocol using FPGA technology will be presented. Using the standard library of PCI-Express on the computer to connect to the FPGA board, on which organizing the data according to the standard of PCI-Express protocol, at the same time to cryptographic intervening on the line. Thus, plaintext will be transmitted from the computer to the FPGA board via PCI-Express interface, then it will be organized, cryptographic intervened and transmitted back to the computer.Tóm tắt—Với đường truyền dữ liệu tốc độ cao như PCI-Express, việc can thiệp mật mã vào trong đường truyền để không ảnh hưởng đến quá trình truyền dữ liệu mà vẫn đảm bảo được tốc độ truyền dữ liệu của giao thức mang lại sẽ là cơ sở để phát triển các ứng dụng mật mã sử dụng giao thức PCI-Express. Trong bài báo này sẽ trình bày một giải pháp kỹ thuật bắt gói tin dữ liệu của giao thức PCI-Express sử dụng công nghệ FPGA. Sử dụng bộ thư viện chuẩn PCI-Express trên máy tính để thực hiện kết nối tới bo mạch FPGA, qua đó trên FPGA thực hiện tổ chức dữ liệu theo chuẩn giao thức PCI-Express, đồng thời tổ chức can thiệp mật mã trên đường truyền. Như vậy, dữ liệu rõ sẽ được truyền từ máy tính xuống bo mạch FPGA thông qua giao tiếp PCI-Express, sau đó được tổ chức, can thiệp mật mã và truyền lại cho máy tính.

COVseq is a cost-effective workflow for mass-scale SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance

While mass-scale vaccination campaigns are ongoing worldwide, genomic surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to monitor the emergence and global spread of viral variants of concern (VOC). Here, we present a streamlined workflow—COVseq—which can be used to generate highly multiplexed sequencing libraries compatible with Illumina platforms from hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 samples in parallel, in a rapid and cost-effective manner. We benchmarked COVseq against a standard library preparation method (NEBNext) on 29 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, reaching 95.4% of concordance between single-nucleotide variants detected by both methods. Application of COVseq to 245 additional SARS-CoV-2 positive samples demonstrated the ability of the method to reliably detect emergent VOC as well as its compatibility with downstream phylogenetic analyses. A cost analysis showed that COVseq could be used to sequence thousands of samples at less than 15 USD per sample, including library preparation and sequencing costs. We conclude that COVseq is a versatile and scalable method that is immediately applicable for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and easily adaptable to other pathogens such as influenza viruses.