Accountability of the 2020 Village Fund Allocation Management (Alokasi Dana Kampung) in Arul Pertik Village, Central Aceh Regency, Indonesia

In Indonesia, the central government provides Village Fund Allocation (VFA) to improve welfares in villages. This process, with its regulation, is known as alokasi dana kampung in Aceh province. However, irrespective of this implementation, the community's welfare is still not met, leading to the inability to meet management accountability. This study was carried out in Arul Pertik Village, using the qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The result showed that the VFA management team is open to accepting suggestions and advice during the planning and implementation process. VFA management in Arul Pertik tends to respect community participation, as seen from the number of participants in the development and implementation of the physical realization process. This is also in addition to the accountability report (LPJ), irrespective of the technical obstacles in the report. In conclusion, although the Management of Village Fund Allocation is quite good, it needs more extra guidance and supervision from the local government and the community. Keywords: Accountability; Village fund allocation; Village Fund Management, Arul Pertik Village.

Non-closed acoustic cloaking devices enabled by sequential-step linear coordinate transformations

Hitherto acoustic cloaking devices, which conceal objects externally, depend on objects' characteristics. Despite previous works, we design cloaking devices placed adjacent to an arbitrary object and make it invisible without the need to make it enclosed. Applying sequential linear coordinate transformations leads to a non-closed acoustic cloak with homogeneous materials, creating an open invisible region. Firstly, we propose to design a non-closed carpet cloak to conceal objects on a reflecting plane. Numerical simulations verify the cloaking effect, which is completely independent of the geometry and material properties of the hidden object. Moreover, we extend this idea to achieve a directional acoustic cloak with homogeneous materials that can render arbitrary objects in free space invisible to incident radiation. To demonstrate the feasibility of the realization, a non-resonant meta-atom is utilized which dramatically facilitated the physical realization of our design. Due to the simple acoustic constitutive parameters of the presented structures, this work paves the way toward realization of non-closed acoustic devices, which could find applications in airborne sound manipulation and underwater demands.

Understanding the Operation of Contextual Compatibility through the Relationships among Heritage Intensity, Context Density, and Regulation Degree

It is easy to assume that historic environments consist mainly of traditional pre-modern style buildings; however, contemporary architecture is continuously added to historic environments, and its construction is positively encouraged by international heritage organizations such as UNESCO and ICOMOS. The conditions required for introducing contemporary architecture to historic urban environments manifest through the concept of contextual compatibility. This paper examines the meaning and operation of this compatibility in changing urban historical and cultural environments. It offers an empirical interpretation of ‘compatibility’ using three new conceptual parameters: the level of conservation value and importance designated by the heritage conservation system (heritage intensity), the ratio of contemporary architecture in a historic environment (context density), and the range of controlling measures available for conservation (regulation degree). Based on a content analysis of the relevant literature and a case study of 24 sample sites, this paper illuminates how ‘compatibility’ operates in the field, which sometimes contradicts our common assumptions. The notable findings reveal that heritage intensity and context density in the historical environment are not directly proportional to regulation degree. Meanwhile, low context density tends to correspond with highly detailed regulations and emphasise the physical realization of traditional elements.

Surpassing the classical limit in magic square game with distant quantum dots coupled to optical cavities

The emergence of quantum technologies is heating up the debate on quantum supremacy, usually focusing on the feasibility of looking good on paper algorithms in realistic settings, due to the vulnerability of quantum systems to myriad sources of noise. In this vein, an interesting example of quantum pseudo-telepathy games that quantum mechanical resources can theoretically outperform classical resources is the Magic Square game (MSG), in which two players play against a referee. Due to noise, however, the unit winning probability of the players can drop well below the classical limit. Here, we propose a timely and unprecedented experimental setup for quantum computation with quantum dots inside optical cavities, along with ancillary photons for realizing interactions between distant dots to implement the MSG. Considering various physical imperfections of our setup, we first show that the MSG can be implemented with the current technology, outperforming the classical resources under realistic conditions. Next, we show that our work gives rise to a new version of the game. That is, if the referee has information on the physical realization and strategy of the players, he can bias the game through filtered randomness, and increase his winning probability. We believe our work contributes to not only quantum game theory, but also quantum computing with quantum dots.

The Flesh of Time: Solaris and the Chiasmic Image

This chapter explores Solaris’s chiasmatic interpenetration of the real and the phantasmatic in the context of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the flesh defined as the non-physical substrate of the visible world and the virtual. Thanks to its genre of science fiction, Efird argues, Solaris accomplishes more convincingly the physical realization of the characters’ dream imagery, which vividly exemplifies Tarkovsky’s cinematic materialism. Besides numerous scenes with mirrors, the dynamic chiasm of the flesh, which is both physical and spiritual, fully manifests itself in the ambiguous figure of Hari who is simultaneously the object of Kelvin’s memory as well as the self-conscious subject on her own.

Analisis Efisiensi Dan Efektivitas Penggunaan Anggaran Pemeliharaan Jembatan Pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Ende

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of the bridge maintenance budget for the public works service of Ende district from 2015-2017. The data analysis used is quantitative analysis by calculating the efficiency and effectiveness of the bridge maintenance budget. The research has the character of explaining matters relating to hypothesis testing and in its descriptive nature it also contains descriptions used in the research, namely by collecting data. The data collected in this study are the bridge construction budget data from 2015-2017 which were obtained from the Public Works Office of Ende Regency and data regarding the physical realization and realization of the district bridge construction budget in Ende Regency at the Public Works Office. The results of this study indicate that the budget and physical realization greatly influence the efficiency and effectiveness of bridge construction.

Efficient Design of Quantum Circuits Using Nearest Neighbor Constraint in 3D Architecture

Synthesis and optimization of quantum circuits have received significant attention from researchers in recent years. Developments in the physical realization of qubits in quantum computing have led to new physical constraints to be addressed. One of the most important constraints that is considered by many researchers is the nearest neighbor constraint which limits the interaction distance between qubits for quantum gate operations. Various works have been reported in the literature that deal with nearest neighbor compliance in multi-dimensional (mostly 1D and 2D) qubit arrangements. This is normally achieved by inserting SWAP gates in the gate netlist to bring the interacting qubits closer together. The main objective function to minimize here is the number of SWAP gates. The present paper proposes an efficient qubit placement strategy in a three-dimensional (3D) grid that considers not only qubit interactions but also the relative positions of the gates in the circuit. Experimental evaluation on a number of benchmark circuits show that the proposed method reduces the number of SWAP gates by 16.2% to 47.0% on the average as compared to recently published works.

Applications of Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure in Microwave Photonics

Microwave photonics is the arena of research in the 21st century due to ever-increasing ultra-large bandwidth and the meticulous availability of data with very low cost. In this context, conventional optoelectronic devices are replaced by novel photonic counterparts, both in transreceiver design as well as devices and systems. The major objective of this replacement is to reduce noise by means of lower scattering, where photons are only responsible for propagation of electromagnetic wave. With introduction of novel materials, low-loss communication system can now be designed at beyond THz range, mainly due to the physical realization of electromagnetic bandgap structure. This chapter is extended towards plasmonics with the intension of making sensors for beyond THz applications.

Limits of the Classical Functionalist Perspective on Sensory Substitution

The tongue display unit (TDU) is a sensory substitution device that translates visual images into electrotactile stimulation that is transmitted to the tongue and leads to new perceptual skills following training. Trained users, including blind individuals, become capable of orientation discrimination, motion detection, shape recognition and they can also successfully use the TDU to navigate in an environment, locate objects and avoid obstacles. Many studies and discussions have focused on the effects of training at the behavioural level, and assumed that the effects shown in training blindfolded sighted individuals are similar to those observed in blind people. In doing so, we argue that behavioural research on sensory substitution shows a functionalist bias. Functionalism claims that mental processes can be individuated by their characteristic inputs and outputs, and that the physical realization of a given function introduces no relevant difference, as long as the function is the same. We emphasize here why this assumption biases the interpretation of sensory substitution devices.