Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity Behavior Across Domains and Settings

Background: COVID-19 restrictions and alterations to daily living (e.g. working from home, caregiving responsibilities) necessitated changes in physical activity (PA) behavior. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how PA within specific domains and behavior settings changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An e-survey, conducted April-June 2020, examined changes in PA across domains and settings in a national sample of adults (N=805; M age=38.7 ± 14.9 yrs; 78.0% female). Results: Respondents reported domain-specific increases in household and recreational PA, but decreases in active transportation, occupational PA, and public transportation use. Weekly minutes of PA changed significantly across all behavior settings, with reported increases in home-based, neighborhood, parks/trails, and total PA, and decreases in PA through recreational sports and fitness facilities. Total weekly PA minutes increased by 10.6% (Z= 4.428, p < .000). Those with caregiving responsibilities reported increases in household PA (2=9.82, p=0.007) and PA frequency (2=8.21, p=0.02). Those without caregiving responsibilities were more likely to report increases in sitting (2=20.55, p<0.001). Those working from home reported a larger increase in neighborhood PA (F(1,638)=4.93, p=.027). Those working at a jobsite that also had caregiving responsibilities reported less weekly PA, while those working from home with caregiving responsibilities reported greater weekly PA (F(1, 646) = 4.23, p = .04).

Ecological psychology as social psychology?

Several articles published in this journal over a number of years have examined the social dimensions of Gibsonian ecological psychology. The present paper picks up several of their themes, with an emphasis on the social developmental consequences of individuals participating in community structures and engaging the affordances that support them. From this perspective, the situated nature of activity in everyday settings is examined, which in turn highlights the role of places as higher order emergent eco-psychological structures (or behavior settings) in everyday life. Moreover, ecological psychology’s discovery of occluding edge effects, which demonstrates that objects that have gone out of sight are experienced as persisting in awareness, serves as the basis for a proposal that the awareness of social structures of a conceptual nature may arise from the pragmatics of perception–action from an ecological perspective.

AS MARCAS CULTURAIS DOS LUGARES NA MEMÓRIA DOS ANCIÃOS KAIGANG

Este artigo trata da importância do resgate da memória dos anciãos indígenas Kaingang e da valorização dos saberes dessa geração para o desenvolvimento de práticas culturais e criação de lugares que valorizem o modo de viver Kaingang na Aldeia Kondá. A pesquisa foi construída com base nos relatos de história oral e na observação participante durante o período de preparo e acontecimento da semana cultural. A partir da inclusão dos idosos em atividades e práticas culturais cotidianas, a comunidade resgata a memória, valoriza a sabedoria anciã, aproxima as gerações e dissemina através da oralidade, valores tradicionais, criando momentos e espaços que contribuem na construção das referências culturais e identitárias para esta população na contemporaneidade.Palavras-chave: arquitetura indígena, anciãos Kaingang, práticas culturais, identidade cultural, behavior settings.

SETTING PERILAKU DALAM EVALUASI PURNA HUNI (EPH) GEDUNG DIREKTORAT POLITEKNIK NEGERI PONTIANAK

Gedung Direktorat merupakan wajah depan kampus yang memberikan citra bagi kampus tersebut. Gedung Direktorat Politeknik Negeri Pontianak adalah bangunan yang pada perkembangannya mengalami penurunan kualitas fisik bangunan. Penurunan performa bangunan tersebut dilihat terutama terlihat dari aspek perilaku (behavior), sehingga diperlukanlah sebuah evaluasi purna huni (EPH) untuk menilai performasi aspek tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi performansi dari aspek perilaku yang dibentuk oleh tata layout ruang pada Gedung Direktorat Politeknik Negeri Pontianak yang kemudian dianalisa untuk mendapatkan temuan yang dapat digunakan untuk perencanaan dan redesain pembangunan gedung ini di masa yang akan datang. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatitif yang dilakukan secara investigatif dengan menggunakan analisa metode pemetaan perilaku berupa person centered mapping, place centered mapping, physical trace. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa penilaian terhadap performansi ruang yang ditimbulkan akibat setting perilaku yang dilihat dari pemetaan perilaku berupa teritori, ruang personal dan privasi. Setting perilaku pada bangunan dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan pengguna dan aksesbilitas di dalam bangunan BEHAVIOR SETTING IN POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION (POE) OF DIRECTORATE OF PONTIANAK STATE POLYTECHNIC BUILDINGThe Directorate Building is the front facade of the campus, which gives an image for the whole campus. Pontianak State Polytechnic Directorate Building in its development experienced a decreasing quality. One of the declines in building performance could see from the behavior aspect, so it needs a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) to assess this aspect's performance. This study aims to identify the performance of behavioral factors forming by the spatial layout in the Pontianak State Polytechnic Directorate Building, then analyzed to obtain findings that could use to plan and redesign this building in the future. The research method is a qualitative research method, carried out investigative using analysis of behavioral mapping methods such as person-centered mapping, place centered mapping, and physic trace. The result of this study is an assessment of the spatial performance that results from the behavior setting that seeing from the behavior mapping like territory, personal space, and privacy. Behavior settings influenced by the user movement and accessibility within the building.

Toward a Model of Situations and Their Context

Developing a widely accepted theory of behavior causation has been hampered by the lack of a rigorous approach to understanding the kinds of determinants at work. Interest in behavior change is also burgeoning, and requires a profound understanding of how personal and environmental determinants interact dynamically to predict changed behavioral outcomes. Behavior settings theory, a powerful naturalistic theory with a huge empirical underpinning, has long been available for describing the recurrent, everyday behavioral episodes in which many social and psychological scientists are interested. In this article, I review settings theory and update it in the light of a number of recent contributions from various quarters. I argue that this syncretic model should be seen as defining the proximate causal network surrounding these common behavioral episodes, which I call “situations.” I further propose that “contexts” should be thought of as the more distal, second-order causes circumscribing situations. I argue that these situational and contextual “spheres” of causation are a powerful way to understand behavior determination. I conclude by introducing a quasi-computational model of situations that is worthy of the further development necessary to make psychology a predictive science of behavioral causation and change.

An Analysis of Environment Behavior Relationships towards the Design of a Local Mixed-used Street: Based on Behavior Settings of Belgium Street in Cebu City, Philippines

Streets function as public spaces that improve the aspects of social sustainability by accommodating the daily activities of people, further contributing to the strengthening of relationships in society and the expansion of people’s social networks. This research focuses on studying the relationship of human behavior and the street environment in Cebu, Philippines, which can help to contribute to a better approach towards street improvements. Filipino behavior settings were identified and classified based upon people’s activities on the street that were gathered using the Behavior Mapping Method. From the analysis of behavior settings on the behavior maps, the current use of the street has been classified into zones, and has shown potential for street sharing by being flexible enough to accommodate both behavior settings and vehicular traffic at different times. Based on the findings of the analysis, design proposals were created as an interview tool to extract information from respondents on the street. From the results of the interviews, considerations such as the importance of preserving the existing behavior settings, promoting safety, and preventing conflicts on the street can be used to develop an improved street design.

Do We Really Need Collective Social Process to Understand Why Crime Occurs and Offenders Commit Crime?

This chapter examines the potential role of social process in contributing to our understanding of why crime occurs where it does. It focuses on the role of social process in explaining crime that occurs at microplaces; in “small-scale social systems whose components include people and inanimate objects” known as behavior settings. Behavior settings emphasize the situational and dynamic nature of interactions between the social and physical environment of the microplace as situated within a particular context. The chapter begins with a brief introduction to social process and its operation at microplaces. It then identifies instances where the inclusion of social process enhances current environmental criminology. It concludes by discussing some of the challenges to the measurement of social process-related mechanisms hypothesized to affect crime events and suggesting a way forward.

An Analysis of Automatism

This chapter illustrates how automatisms involve the lack of the feeling of doing an action but may even go beyond this to include a distinct feeling that the person is not doing. The loss of perceived voluntariness is so remarkable during an automatism that the person may vehemently resist describing the action as consciously or personally caused. It seems to come from somewhere else or at least not from oneself. This experience is so curious that automatisms often are noteworthy events in themselves rather than just unnoticed lapses in conscious willing. The chapter examines the key features of behavior settings that promote the occurrence of automatisms, and points to the ways in which the lack of perceptions of priority, consistency, and exclusivity underlie lapses in the experience of conscious will.