scholarly journals Influence of meteorological conditions on the residual content of pesticides in plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042032
Author(s):  
M O Petrova ◽  
T D Chermenskaya ◽  
A S Komarova ◽  
V V Chelovechkova
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Abstract The quality and quantity of agricultural products depends on the weather conditions in the regions of cultivation. The results of the influence of weather on the degradation rate of pesticides in agricultural products are presented in this paper. Samples were analyzed for the content of pesticide active ingredients by various chromatographic methods. Air temperature has a significant effect on the intensity of metabolic processes in the plant, which determine the degradation rate of pesticides. Air humidity is more important for water-soluble pesticides than for lipophilic ones. Rain, moisture and dew accelerate the dispersal of substances from the aboveground plant parts. When choosing pesticides to protect crops from harmful organisms, it is necessary to take into account the natural and climatic characteristics of the region.

scholarly journals THE INCIDENCE OF PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
A. N. Tsyrulnikova ◽  
A. E. Voropaeva ◽  
A. N. Aleynikova ◽  
V. N. Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

Objective: to analyze the influence of different meteorological conditions: relative air humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation on the incidence of development of AF paroxysms. Material and methods. The study involved 259 patients with AF paroxysms who were admitted into the Cardiology ward of Gomel City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care during the period from November 2015 to January 2016. Results. We have determined the incidence of development of AF paroxysms depending on such weather conditions as atmospheric pressure, relative air humidity, cloudiness, and precipitation. Conclusion. Meteorological conditions have a direct effect on the occurrence of AF paroxysms. The determined risk factors in this case are: high relative humidity, fall of temperature and harsh precipitation and changes in atmospheric pressure. Also, the aggravating factor in the development of AF paroxysms was age of patients over 56 and a combination of coronary heart disease and hypertension.

scholarly journals Influence of Meteorological Conditions and Aerosol Properties on the COVID-19 Contamination of the Population in Coastal and Continental Areas in France: Study of Offshore and Onshore Winds

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Jacques Piazzola ◽  
William Bruch ◽  
Christelle Desnues ◽  
Philippe Parent ◽  
Christophe Yohia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Virus Transport ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Aerosol Properties

Human behaviors probably represent the most important causes of the SARS-Cov-2 virus propagation. However, the role of virus transport by aerosols—and therefore the influence of atmospheric conditions (temperature, humidity, type and concentration of aerosols)—on the spread of the epidemic remains an open and still debated question. This work aims to study whether or not the meteorological conditions related to the different aerosol properties in continental and coastal urbanized areas might influence the atmospheric transport of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Our analysis focuses on the lockdown period to reduce the differences in the social behavior and highlight those of the weather conditions. As an example, we investigated the contamination cases during March 2020 in two specific French areas located in both continental and coastal areas with regard to the meteorological conditions and the corresponding aerosol properties, the optical depth (AOD) and the Angstrom exponent provided by the AERONET network. The results show that the analysis of aerosol ground-based data can be of interest to assess a virus survey. We found that moderate to strong onshore winds occurring in coastal regions and inducing humid environment and large sea-spray production episodes coincides with smaller COVID-19 contamination rates. We assume that the coagulation of SARS-Cov-2 viral particles with hygroscopic salty sea-spray aerosols might tend to inhibit its viral infectivity via possible reaction with NaCl, especially in high relative humidity environments typical of maritime sites.

scholarly journals Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 7357-7371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Tian ◽  
Huanbo Wang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Fumo Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Visibility Impairment ◽  
Aerosol Pollution ◽  
Haze Formation ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. Extremely severe haze weather events occurred in many cities in China, especially in the east part of the country, in January 2013. Comprehensive measurements including hourly concentrations of PM2.5 and its major chemical components (water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) and related gas-phase precursors were conducted via an online monitoring system in Suzhou, a medium-sized city in Jiangsu province, just east of Shanghai. PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less) frequently exceeded 150 µg m−3 on hazy days, with the maximum reaching 324 µg m−3 on 14 January 2013. Unfavorable weather conditions (high relative humidity (RH), and low rainfall, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure) were conducive to haze formation. High concentrations of secondary aerosol species (including SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and SOC) and gaseous precursors were observed during the first two haze events, while elevated primary carbonaceous species emissions were found during the third haze period, pointing to different haze formation mechanisms. Organic matter (OM), (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 were found to be the major contributors to visibility impairment. High concentrations of sulfate and nitrate might be explained by homogeneous gas-phase reactions under low RH conditions and by heterogeneous processes under relatively high RH conditions. Analysis of air mass trajectory clustering and potential source contribution function showed that aerosol pollution in the studied areas was mainly caused by local activities and surrounding sources transported from nearby cities.

scholarly journals The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. YUSUF ◽  
G. PIEDIMONTE ◽  
A. AUAIS ◽  
G. DEMMLER ◽  
S. KRISHNAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Relationship Of

SUMMARYOur aim was to obtain knowledge of how meteorological conditions affect community epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. To this end we recorded year-round RSV activity in nine cities that differ markedly in geographic location and climate. We correlated local weather conditions with weekly or monthly RSV cases. We reviewed similar reports from other areas varying in climate. Weekly RSV activity was related to temperature in a bimodal fashion, with peaks of activity at temperatures above 24–30°C and at 2–6°C. RSV activity was also greatest at 45–65% relative humidity. RSV activity was inversely related to UVB radiance at three sites where this could be tested. At sites with persistently warm temperatures and high humidity, RSV activity was continuous throughout the year, peaking in summer and early autumn. In temperate climates, RSV activity was maximal during winter, correlating with lower temperatures. In areas where temperatures remained colder throughout the year, RSV activity again became nearly continuous. Community activity of RSV is substantial when both ambient temperatures and absolute humidity are very high, perhaps reflecting greater stability of RSV in aerosols. Transmission of RSV in cooler climates is inversely related to temperature possibly as a result of increased stability of the virus in secretions in the colder environment. UVB radiation may inactivate virus in the environment, or influence susceptibility to RSV by altering host resistance.

scholarly journals The interdecadal worsening of weather conditions affecting aerosol pollution in the Beijing area in relation to climate warming

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 5991-5999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Zhang ◽  
Junting Zhong ◽  
Jizhi Wang ◽  
Yaqiang Wang ◽  
Yanju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Aerosol Pollution ◽  
The Government

Abstract. The weather conditions affecting aerosol pollution in Beijing and its vicinity (BIV) in wintertime have worsened in recent years, particularly after 2010. The relation between interdecadal changes in weather conditions and climate warming is uncertain. Here, we analyze long-term variations of an integrated pollution-linked meteorological index (which is approximately and linearly related to aerosol pollution), the extent of changes in vertical temperature differences in the boundary layer (BL) in BIV, and northerly surface winds from Lake Baikal during wintertime to evaluate the potential contribution of climate warming to changes in meteorological conditions directly related to aerosol pollution in this area; this is accomplished using NCEP reanalysis data, surface observations, and long-term vertical balloon sounding observations since 1960. The weather conditions affecting BIV aerosol pollution are found to have worsened since the 1960s as a whole. This worsening is more significant after 2010, with PM2.5 reaching unprecedented high levels in many cities in China, particularly in BIV. The decadal worsening of meteorological conditions in BIV can partly be attributed to climate warming, which is defined by more warming in the higher layers of the boundary layer (BL) than the lower layers. This worsening can also be influenced by the accumulation of aerosol pollution, to a certain extent (particularly after 2010), because the increase in aerosol pollution from the ground leads to surface cooling by aerosol–radiation interactions, which facilitates temperature inversions, increases moisture accumulations, and results in the extra deterioration of meteorological conditions. If analyzed as a linear trend, weather conditions have worsened by ∼ 4 % each year from 2010 to 2017. Given such a deterioration rate, the worsening of weather conditions may lead to a corresponding amplitude increase in PM2.5 in BIV during wintertime in the next 5 years (i.e., 2018 to 2022). More stringent emission reduction measures will need to be conducted by the government.

scholarly journals Perceived impact of meteorological conditions on the use of public space in winter settlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-642
Author(s):  
Agneta Larsson ◽  
David Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the impact of meteorological conditions on the use of public space in Scandinavia and Canada. Between September 21 and December 18, 2017, a cross-sectional online survey ‘EAMQ-Climate: space’ was distributed via web-based platforms. Survey responses were received from 361 residents (258 people from Scandinavia and 103 from Canada). The relative impact of the meteorological determinants on the use of public space was calculated, and a factor analysis was performed. Disparities between Canada and Scandinavia as well as between the climate zones represented were analysed using ANOVA. Overall results showed that the most significant meteorological enablers for the use of outdoor public spaces in winter were solar gain, snowfall and snow-covered surfaces. The main barriers were slush-covered and icy surfaces, rainfall and darkness. Wind and cold were conditions with less influence. The impact of rain and ice, however, differed between climatic zones. It was also established that, when addressing the meteorological impact on avoiding the use of public spaces in winter, it is vital to discriminate between conditions related to a) the ground surface and b) ambient conditions, as well as the particular significance of c) snow and sun, and d) darkness. For the design of public space in winter cities, we conclude that designers need to focus on a wider range of weather conditions than sun, wind and cold, and include snow, rainfall, slushy and icy ground and poor visibility. The study suggests that winter public space has a higher climatic design requirement to be successful than streets and pathways that are mainly used for soft mobility.

scholarly journals Cold Weather Conditions and Risk of Hypothermia Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Implications for Prevention Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Zhang ◽  
Kathryn Wiens ◽  
Ri Wang ◽  
Linh Luong ◽  
Donna Ansara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Minimum Daily Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Hypothermia is a preventable condition that disproportionately affects individuals who experience homelessness, yet limited data exist to inform the response to cold weather. To fill this gap, we examined the association between meteorological conditions and the risk of hypothermia among homeless individuals. Hypothermic events were identified from emergency department charts and coroner’s records between 2004 and 2015 in Toronto, Canada. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the meteorological conditions (minimum temperature and precipitation) and the risk of hypothermia. There were 97 hypothermic events identified: 79 injuries and 18 deaths. The odds of experiencing a hypothermic event increased 1.64-fold (95% CI: 1.30–2.07) with every 5 °C decrease in the minimum daily temperature and 1.10-fold (95% CI: 1.03–1.17) with every 1 mm increase in precipitation. The risk of hypothermia among individuals experiencing homelessness increased with declining temperature; however, most cases occurred during periods of low and moderate cold stress. 72% occurred when the minimum daily temperatures were warmer than −15 °C. These findings highlight the importance of providing a seasonal cold weather response to prevent hypothermia, complemented by an alert-based response on extremely cold days.

Movement and Metabolism of CIPC in Resistant and Susceptible Species

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Prendeville ◽  
Y. Eshel ◽  
C. S. James ◽  
G. F. Warren ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Pastinaca Sativa ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Root Treatment

Sublethal concentrations of isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl)- carbamate (CIPC) labeled with 14C in the ring or side chain were applied to all leaves present or to the roots of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), pale smartweed (Polygonum lapathiofolium L.), and parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.). These species were selected because of their different susceptibilities to CIPC. The herbicide did not move out of the treated leaves in pigweed and smartweed and only slightly in parsnip in 21 days. In root treatment (3 days), the herbicide moved to all plant parts and the extent of movement was essentially the same in all species. Water soluble metabolites, which differed in Rf values were extracted from all three species. The metabolites apparently were not the result of cleavage of the CIPC molecule, but were more likely conjugates of CIPC with natural plant component(s). Very little 14CO2 was released by any of the species in 3 days. These data indicate that differences in movement and metabolism are not sufficient to account for the different susceptibilities of these three plant species.

Some factors affecting the oxalate content of the tropical grass Setaria sphacelata

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones ◽  
CW Ford
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
Cation Concentration ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata

The effect of urea on the oxalate concentration of Setaria sphacelata CV. Kazungula was studied in three field experiments. In the first experiment conducted in autumn, urea increased oxalate and cation concentration, and the relation between oxalate and cation concentration was linear (r = 0.90). In the second experiment conducted over autumn and spring, there was a trend of increasing oxalate concentration with urea rate and a decline with age of plant material. However, in autumn regrowths, urea reduced the oxalate in young regrowth (to two weeks) but in older regrowths urea increased oxalate to a peak of 6.0 per cent in the dry matter. A third experiment confirmed the increased oxalate concentration following urea fertilization and also an effect of potassium at a high rate, especially when applied as KCl. The ranking of the plant parts for oxalate was-leaf blades > leaf sheaths > stems. No oxalate was detected in the seed heads. Urea increased the oxalate content of leaf sheaths and particularly of stems, but had less effect on the content in leaf blades. A diurnal trend in oxalate content of tillers occurred in both the high oxalate cultivar Kazungula and in the low oxalate cultivar Nandi. Of the total oxalate present, 90 per cent was water soluble. No ammonium oxalate was detected but both sodium oxalate and potassium oxalate were isolated from setaria. The high excess cation concentration in Setaria is probably the reason for the high levels of oxalate encountered with this grass.

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