scholarly journals Effects of Early Nutrition of Hatched Chicks on Welfare and Growth Performance: A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Jan Berend Lingens ◽  
Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽  
Marwa Fawzy Elmetwaly Ahmed ◽  
Dana Carina Schubert ◽  
Christian Sürie ◽  
...  

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of rearing newly hatched chicks with immediate access to feed and water in the same hatching unit one week prior to transferring them to the conventional broiler house with special regards to foot pad health and growth performance. Two trials were performed with a total of 6900/6850 (trials 1/2) broiler chickens (ROSS 308). A total of 3318/3391 chicks (trials 1/2) were transported from the hatchery (duration of about 3 h) and reared in a conventional broiler house (control group: delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched). The control group did not receive any form of nutrition until they were taken to conventional broiler housing. Additionally, a total of 3582/3459 (trials 1/2) embryonated eggs (d 18) were obtained from the same parent flock of the same commercial hatchery and taken to the farm facility. After on-farm hatch, the chicks had immediate access to water and feed (experimental group: early nutrition on-farm hatched). After d 6/7 of life, the on-farm hatched chicks (trials 1/2) were transferred to the broiler house on the same facility. The delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched groups displayed a significantly lower dry matter content in the litter compared to the early nutrition on-farm hatched groups (two-factorial analysis) at d 6/7 and d 14 of life. However, thereafter, no significant differences were noted. Based upon two-factorial analysis, the early nutrition on-farm hatched groups revealed lower foot pad lesions from d 14 of life onwards and showed a higher body weight (BW) throughout the rearing period compared to the delayed nutrition on-hatchery hatched groups (p < 0.05). Overall, early nutrition on-farm hatched chickens is of critical importance together with using new litter at d 7 to maintain healthy foot pads as well as to enhance nutrient utilization and optimize the growth performance.

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Hinz ◽  
Stracke ◽  
Schättler ◽  
Kemper ◽  
Spindler

Wet litter is the most important cause of footpad dermatitis in poultry, this in turn being a highly relevant animal-related welfare indicator. This field study was subdivided into two experiments. In Experiment 1, the standard diet was supplemented by 0.2% enriched charcoal, being a non-specific absorber and therefore might be promising in reducing faecal moisture. In Experiment 2, the experimental group received a reduced crude protein diet during weeks 6–13, combined with a 0.2% enriched charcoal supplementation. The trials were each conducted with two batches on three farms under on-farm conditions. The animals were observed at 6, 10, 14 and 18 weeks of age to collect data on body weight and different health parameters. The mortality and litter samples were analysed after slaughtering. In Experiment 1, performance and health were not affected despite higher dry matter content of the litter. In Experiment 2, the weight of birds receiving the protein-reduced diet was decreased significantly throughout the experiment. However, the slaughter weight did not differ. The mortality was reduced by 0.5% in the experimental group. Therefore, it was concluded that 0.2% of enriched charcoal is not a valuable feed-additive regarding animal health, while temporary protein reduction might have positive effects.


2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
J.E. Thompson ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
B.P. Gill

There is potential for improving the growth performance of pigs through a better understanding of factors that influence the digestibility of nutrients and energy in liquid feeds. These factors include dry matter content and the size and distribution of particles of the dry feed components within the liquid diet. The objective of the current study was to determine if changing the dry matter concentration of liquid feeds affects the digestibility and retention of nutrients and energy in pigs growing from 35kg to 95kg live weight.


1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Oetzel ◽  
F.P. Villalba ◽  
W.J. Goodger ◽  
K.V. Nordlund

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Lydia M Cranston ◽  
Peter D Kemp ◽  
Steve T Morris ◽  
Brennon A Wood

An on-farm study investigated the herbage quality and sward characteristics of plantain-clover mixes and resulting lamb growth rates during late summer and autumn. Three farms were chosen, each with a minimum of 10 ha of plantain-clover mix (Plantago lanceolata ‘Ceres Tonic’, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens) used for lamb finishing. Each farm managed the plantain-clover mix area using their routine management without advice or comment from research staff. Throughout autumn, at approximately monthly intervals on the three farms, the pre- and post-grazing herbage masses, botanical composition, herbage quality, plantain dry matter content, secondary chemical composition and lamb growth rates were monitored. A low percentage of clover in the sward, a high percentage of dead stem material and a low crude protein concentration in plantain during dry periods, were identified as the most likely causes of low lamb liveweight gains during autumn. Grazing management during spring that maintains control of plantain stems and encourages the presence of clover, appears to be a key management technique for ensuring high lamb liveweight gains on plantain-clover mixes in late summer and autumn.


1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. V. Potkins ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence ◽  
J. R. Thomlinson

Six experiments were made in growing pigs to investigate the effects of substituting bran, oatmeal byproduct, pectin and guar gum for barley on gastric emptying rate, pH and dry matter of digesta and on the dry matter content and rate of passage of digesta to the terminal ileum and overall. Twelve pigs with cannulas sited at the pyloric/fundic junction of the stomach were used to measure gastric emptying. Seventy-two pigs were kept in metabolism cages for the total collection of faeces and nine pigs were fitted with simple cannulas 150 mm cranial to the ileo-caecal junction. For the overall transit measurements the barley was ground through a 4.68 mm screen (C) and for the other studies either through this screen or a 1.56 mm screen (F). Gastric emptying rates were significantly faster for F diets than for C diets, but bran and oatmeal by-product substitutions were without significant effect on this variable or on rate of passage to the terminal ileum. Guar gum and pectin significantly speeded up gastric emptying and transit to the terminal ileum in C diets. Guar gum and pectin did not significantly affect overall transit time, but bran accelerated it. The results are discussed in relation to the depressive effects on nutrient utilization which have been recorded for the four polysaccharides: it is postulated that gastric emptying rate and transit time to the terminal ileum are likely to have a minimal effect on overall transit time.


Rangifer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nilsson ◽  
Birgitta Åhman ◽  
Michael Murphy ◽  
Timo Soveri

The aim of this experiment was to ascertain how different feeding strategies affect the rumen function of reindeer after nutritional deprivation. Rumen adaptation to various diets, after restricted feeding, was studied in 44 eight-month-old semi-domesticated female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). All animals were initially fed a simulated winter diet based on lichens (lichen diet). A control group, continuously offered the lichen diet ad libitum, was compared to four groups of reindeer that were first restrictively fed (half the ad libitum ration) for eight days followed by one day without feed. The rumen content of restrictively fed animals had higher pH, lower dry matter content and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, a changed composition of VFAs, and lower counts of bacteria compared to that of the control group. The effect was less dramatic than previously reported for reindeer starved for several days. On day 10, the four restrictively fed groups were introduced to different diets. One group was re-fed the lichen diet ad libitum and did not differ from the control group when the experiment ended after five weeks of feeding. Two groups were fed grain-based reindeer feed (pellets) combined with either lichens or grass silage, and one group was fed silage with a gradually increased addition of pellets. Diarrhoea and so called “wet belly” occurred initially in the three latter groups. After five weeks of feeding, the reindeer in the three pellet-fed groups had an altered composition of VFAs and higher counts of protozoa, and also tended to have higher total VFA concentration in the rumen, compared to the control animals and those re-fed the lichen diet. Only small changes were observed in the size of rumen papillae and these could be associated with energy intake. Protozoa decreased over time on the lichen diet. This study confirmed that rumen function was significantly affected by a relatively short period of restricted feed intake. The experiment also revealed a clear difference in rumen function between reindeer adapted to a lichen-based diet and those adjusted to basically grain-based diets. Bacteria that were utilising lichens were drastically reduced when the diet lacked lichens; consequently these bacteria may be regarded as a substrate-specific group.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag:Vomfunktionen hos ren (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) efter begränsat födointag och påföljande utfodring Ett försök utfördes med syfte att ta reda på hur olika utfodringsstrategier påverkar vomfunktionerna hos ren (Rangifer t. tarandus) efter en period med lågt näringsintag. Vommens anpassning till olika dieter studerades hos 44 åtta månader gamla honkalvar Alla renarna gavs initialt en simulerad vinterdiet baserad på lav (lavdiet). En kontrollgrupp, som fick äta fritt av lavdieten under hela försöket, jämfördes med fyra grupper renar, som först utfodrades restriktivt med lavdieten (halva fodergivan jämfört med fri utfodring) under åtta dagar och sedan var helt utan foder under en dag. Vominnehåll från de restriktivt utfodrade renarna hade högre pH, lägre torrsubstans, lägre koncentration av flyktiga fettsyror (VFA), förändrad sammansättning av VFA och mindre mängd bakterier än vad som uppmättes i kontrollgruppen. Effekten var inte så dramatisk som den som tidigare rapporterats för renar som svultit flera dagar. Dag 10 sattes de fyra restriktivt utfodrade grupperna på olika dieter. En grupp utfodrades åter med lavdieten i fri mängd, och skiljde sig inte från kontrollgruppen när försöket avslutades efter fem veckors utfodring. Två grupper gavs spannmålsbaserat renfoder (pellets) kombinerat med antingen lav eller ensilage gjort på gräs, och en grupp gavs först enbart ensilage och därefter pellets i gradvis ökande mängd. Flera renar i de tre senare grupperna drabbades av diarré och så kallad ”blöt buk”. Efter fem veckors utfodring hade renarna i de tre pelletsutfodrade grupperna en ändrad sammansättning av VFA och mer protozooer, och tenderade även att ha högre total VFA-koncentration, än de två grupper som fick lavdiet. Endast små förändringar observerades i storleken på vompapiller, och dessa kunde kopplas till energiintag. Protozooerna minskade med tiden på lavdieten. Denna undersökning bekräftar att vomfunktionerna påverkas signifikant av en relativt kort period med minskat födointag. Undersökningen visar också en klar skillnad i vomfunktion mellan renar anpassade till lavdiet och dem som är anpassade till en i huvudsak spannmålsbaserad diet. Bakterier som växte på lav minskade drastiskt när laven uteslöts ur dieten; dessa bakterier kunde följaktligen betraktas som en substrat-specifik grupp.


Author(s):  
Anny Cristina V. Leite ◽  
Jackson Pantoja-Lima ◽  
Renan R. Paulino ◽  
Márcia Regina Fragoso M. Bussons ◽  
Rodrigo Y. Gimbo ◽  
...  

A 52-day experiment was conducted to determine the crude protein (CP) requirements of juvenile matrinx&atilde; Brycon amazonicus, and to evaluate their resulting growth performance, hematological parameters and enzymatic activities. Sixty fish (29.03g &plusmn; 1.16g) were distributed in 12 tanks (310 L) with a completely randomized design, and maintained at four dietary crude protein levels (270, 320, 350, 390 g.kg-1) for 52 days. The results revealed that the fish fed diet 390 g.kg-1 CP had the best final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and lipid retention rate. The same could be stated for hematocrit, number of circulating erythrocytes, triglycerides and total proteins of the hematological profile (p&amp;lt;0.05). In the whole body composition, dry matter content was lower in the fish fed 390 g.kg-1 CP, while lipid content was higher in the fish fed 350-390 g.kg-1 CP (p&amp;lt;0.05). No differences were observed in CP and ash (p&amp;gt;0.05), or in the activities of digestive enzymes (p&amp;gt;0.05). In short, our findings suggest benefits of the 390 g.kg-1 CP feed for being the most adequate for this species&rsquo; juvenile stage.


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