A Facile Design of Colourimetric Polyurethane Nanofibrous Sensor Containing Natural Indicator Dye for Detecting Ammonia Vapour

Chemicals and industrial gases endanger both human health and the environment. The inhalation of colourless ammonia gas (NH3) can cause organ damage or even death in humans. Colourimetric materials are becoming more popular in the search for smart textiles for both fashion and specific occupational applications. Colourimetric textile sensors based on indicator dyes could be very useful for detecting strong gaseous conditions and monitoring gas leaks. In this study, black carrot extract (BCE) as a natural indicator dye and polyurethane (PU) polymer were used to develop a colourimetric sensor by electrospinning. The properties of the BCE/PU nanofibrous mats were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The BCE caused a change in the morphology of the PU nanofibrous mat. To evaluate the colour shift due to NH3 vapour, the BCE/PU nanofibrous mats were photographed by a camera, and software was used to obtain the quantitative colour data (CIE L*a*b). The BCE/PU nanofibrous exhibited a remarkable colour change from pink–red to green–blue under NH3 vapour conditions with a fast response time (≤30 s). These findings showed that colourimetric nanofibrous textile sensors could be a promising in situ material in protective clothing that changes colour when exposed to harmful gases.

REVIEW ON ASPECTS OF AIR POLLUTION AND ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Air pollution, which reaches an all-new level almost every day, has a negative impact on skin. The toxic pollutants present in both indoor and outdoor air are absorbed into skin, which leads to a number of skin problems. The pollution that affects skin has a combination of smog and particulate matter, which come from car exhaust, metal smelting, smoking, industrial gases. .The polluted air makes it hard for the skin to breathe, leaving it irritated, dehydrated, and worsening existing conditions such as redness; rosacea and eczema. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common type of eczema.

Residual Gas for Ethanol Production by Clostridium carboxidivorans in a Dual Impeller Stirred Tank Bioreactor (STBR)

Recycling residual industrial gases and residual biomass as substrates to biofuel production by fermentation is an important alternative to reduce organic wastes and greenhouse gases emission. Clostridium carboxidivorans can metabolize gaseous substrates as CO and CO2 to produce ethanol and higher alcohols through the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. However, the syngas fermentation is limited by low mass transfer rates. In this work, a syngas fermentation was carried out in serum glass bottles adding different concentrations of Tween® 80 in ATCC® 2713 culture medium to improve gas-liquid mass transfer. We observed a 200% increase in ethanol production by adding 0.15% (v/v) of the surfactant in the culture medium and a 15% increase in biomass production by adding 0.3% (v/v) of the surfactant in the culture medium. The process was reproduced in stirred tank bioreactor with continuous syngas low flow, and a maximum ethanol productivity of 0.050 g/L.h was achieved.

Gas Adsorption Selectivity in Topologically Disordered Metal–Organic Frameworks

<div><p>Disordered metal–organic frameworks are emerging as an attractive class of functional materials, however their applications in gas storage and separation have yet to be fully explored. Here, we investigate gas adsorption in the topologically disordered Fe-BTC framework and its crystalline counterpart, MIL‑100. Despite their similar chemistry and local structure, they exhibit very different sorption behaviour towards a range of industrial gases, noble gases and hydrocarbons. Virial analysis reveals that Fe-BTC has enhanced interaction strength with guest molecules compared to MIL‑100. Most notably, we observe striking discrimination between the adsorption of C₃H₆ and C₃H₈ in Fe‑BTC, with over a twofold increase in the amount of C₃H₆ being adsorbed than C₃H₈. Thermodynamic selectivity towards a range of industrially relevant binary mixtures is probed using ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). Together, this suggests the disordered material may possess powerful separation capabilities that are rare even amongst crystalline frameworks.</p></div>

Gas Adsorption Selectivity in Topologically Disordered Metal–Organic Frameworks

<div><p>Disordered metal–organic frameworks are emerging as an attractive class of functional materials, however their applications in gas storage and separation have yet to be fully explored. Here, we investigate gas adsorption in the topologically disordered Fe-BTC framework and its crystalline counterpart, MIL‑100. Despite their similar chemistry and local structure, they exhibit very different sorption behaviour towards a range of industrial gases, noble gases and hydrocarbons. Virial analysis reveals that Fe-BTC has enhanced interaction strength with guest molecules compared to MIL‑100. Most notably, we observe striking discrimination between the adsorption of C₃H₆ and C₃H₈ in Fe‑BTC, with over a twofold increase in the amount of C₃H₆ being adsorbed than C₃H₈. Thermodynamic selectivity towards a range of industrially relevant binary mixtures is probed using ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). Together, this suggests the disordered material may possess powerful separation capabilities that are rare even amongst crystalline frameworks.</p></div>

Inventory routing of industrial gases with stochastic demand

This report proposes a methodology to solve the inventory routing problem of industrial gases with stochastic demand. The gas tanker distributes gases from a depot to several dispersed customers in a route, and each customer has stochastic demand modeled by a Brownian motion. The proposed model determines the optimal quantity required to refill each customer by minimizing the cost associated with earliness, which increases number of visits per year, and lateness, which increases probability of stockout. Overall, the proposed model minimizes the total system cost, helps find the optimal tanker capacity for a given route, and improves supplier and customers' relationship. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the proposed model.

Inventory routing of industrial gases with stochastic demand

This report proposes a methodology to solve the inventory routing problem of industrial gases with stochastic demand. The gas tanker distributes gases from a depot to several dispersed customers in a route, and each customer has stochastic demand modeled by a Brownian motion. The proposed model determines the optimal quantity required to refill each customer by minimizing the cost associated with earliness, which increases number of visits per year, and lateness, which increases probability of stockout. Overall, the proposed model minimizes the total system cost, helps find the optimal tanker capacity for a given route, and improves supplier and customers' relationship. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the proposed model.

Grupo Lindo Ecuador: air gas production project for Acería Ecuatoriana

Learning outcomes This case teaches participants to: identify evaluation feasibility criteria for project alternatives according to their typology (market, techniques, finances, environmental and social), starting from the analysis of the information available about them. Prepare a comparative project alternative evaluation table, applying good business analysis practices promoted by PMI® and other authors for selecting the most viable project option that will add the most value to the organization. Case overview/synopsis At the start of 2013, Acería Ecuatoriana, because of a million-dollar investment that had been started by its general manager, Pérez, increased its melting and steel production capacity from 100,000 tons per year to 220,000 tons per year. This implied a greater demand for industrial gases and require its main additional supplier to deliver. Demand increase caused Grupo Lindo Ecuador´s plant saturation, unit separation air 1. For this reason, Grupo Lindo Ecuador had to import considerable oxygen amounts and this increased its cost of production. This caused Cadena to seek the establishment of a strategic alliance with Acería Ecuatoriana, for the purpose of developing a project for gas production (oxygen, nitrogen and argon). In September of the same year, Nelson became interested but required to know the Grupo Lindo Ecuador project proposal before signing the strategic alliance. Complexity academic level The case is addressed to an audience made up of graduate students (graduation and Master’s Degree) who have managerial experience and would like to improve their project management empirical practices. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 9: Operations and logistics.