Indicators of the critical state of the ship’s stability

According to the main criterion, the vessel stability according to the main criterion is standardized by the Rules of the Russian Register by the assumption that the units of the stability margin are practically equal, which is the ratio of listing and restoring moments characterizing the equality of their work. That is, the current domestic and international standards allow the achievement of a shipborne borderline hazardous state, after which it will either capsize, or an uncontrolled inflow of water into the hull and emergency flooding will begin. The characteristics of the vessel that affect stability during its assessment, both at the design stages and during operation, are determined with some error. It is caused by the assumptions of the Rules to the displacement value determination and the coordinates of the gravity center, incomplete compliance with the predicted cruise conditions, due to the ship falling into possible more severe conditions, the construction of a static stability diagram, which is the dependence of the reduced restoring moment on the inclination angle, with a flat waterline, while it is three-dimensional, and other factors related to the vessel’s type and purpose, which are not taken into account when calculating stability. In this paper, we consider a group of such factors, in relation to ships of inland and mixed (river-sea) navigation, the features and reasons for their occurrence, taking into account in verification calculations. A mathematical stability safety factor form, reflecting the expected increments of permissible values, which will improve the safety of the ship, is proposed.

Shape Characterizing of Aggregates Produced through Different Crushing Techniques

The aggregate shape properties produced from the different crushing techniques influence the performance properties of the asphalt mixtures. The objective of this study was to classify the aggregates into spherical, flat, elongated and flat, and elongated shapes, collected from impact crusher and jaw crusher of two sources, and to calculate the shape parameters, such as aspect ratio, shape factor, form factor, sphericity, roundness, and angularity index. In addition, this study also investigated the effects of this classification on the Marshall stability and volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures prepared from the respective shape of aggregates. The results showed that the aggregate of different fractions (passing 37.5 mm and retained on 4.75 mm) produced from the jaw crusher of Margalla quarry showed better shape parameters. The spherical aggregates collected from all crushers showed 20–30% higher Marshall stability of the blends by improving the mechanical and volumetric properties of the asphalt mixtures.

Better Understanding: Stylized Image Captioning with Style Attention and Adversarial Training

Compared with traditional image captioning technology, stylized image captioning has broader application scenarios, such as a better understanding of images. However, stylized image captioning faces many challenges, the most important of which is how to make the model take into account both the image meta information and the style factor of the generated captions. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end stylized image captioning framework (ST-BR). Specifically, we first use a style transformer to model the factual information of images, and the style attention module learns style factor form a multi-style corpus, it is a symmetric structure on the whole. At the same time, we use back-reinforcement to evaluate the degree of consistency between the generated stylized captions with the image knowledge and specified style, respectively. These two parts further enhance the learning ability of the model through adversarial learning. Our experiment has achieved effective performance on the benchmark dataset.

Humidity Degradation Study of Mesa-type Avalanche Photodiodes under Harsh Environmental Stresses

Avalanche photodiode is a widely used receiver component due to its high sensitivity and low noise performance. For many applications, the APD chips are required to maintain stable performance against harsh environmental stresses such as high heat and humidity. In this paper, we study the APD moisture degradation behavior under the harsh environment of high humidity (60-75%), high temperature (85°C), and high bias (-32 V). We present empirical acceleration factor form functions of temperature and humidity based on experimental data and provide quantitative analysis on the humidity dependence. The humidity coefficient of the mesa-type APD from exponential fit is estimated to be -0.00137.

Examination of the Effects of Curvature in Geometrical Space on Accuracy of Scaling Derived Projections of Plant Biomass Units: Applications to the Assessment of Average Leaf Biomass in Eelgrass Shoots

Conservation of eelgrass relies on transplants and evaluation of success depends on nondestructive measurements of average leaf biomass in shoots among other variables. Allometric proxies offer a convenient way to assessments. Identifying surrogates via log transformation and linear regression can set biased results. Views conceive this approach to be meaningful, asserting that curvature in geometrical space explains bias. Inappropriateness of correction factor of retransformation bias could also explain inconsistencies. Accounting for nonlinearity of the log transformed response relied on a generalized allometric model. Scaling parameters depend continuously on the descriptor. Joining correction factor is conceived as the partial sum of series expansion of mean retransformed residuals leading to highest reproducibility strength. Fits of particular characterizations of the generalized curvature model conveyed outstanding reproducibility of average eelgrass leaf biomass in shoots. Although nonlinear heteroscedastic regression resulted also to be suitable, only log transformation approaches can unmask a size related differentiation in growth form of the leaf. Generally, whenever structure of regression error is undetermined, choosing a suitable form of retransformation correction factor becomes elusive. Compared to customary nonparametric characterizations of this correction factor, present form proved more efficient. We expect that offered generalized allometric model along with proposed correction factor form provides a suitable analytical arrangement for the general settings of allometric examination.

The Effects of Land Use and Land Cover Geoinformation Raster Generalization in the Analysis of LUCC in Portugal

Multiple land use and land cover (LUC) datasets are available for the analysis of LUC changes (LUCC) in distinct territories. Sometimes, different LUCC results are produced to characterize these changes for the same territory and the same period. These differences reflect: (1) The different properties of LUC geoinformation (GI) used in the LUCC assessment, and (2) different criteria used for vector-to-raster conversion, namely, those deriving from outputs with different spatial resolutions. In this research, we analyze LUCC in mainland Portugal using two LUC datasets with different properties: Corine Land Cover (CLC 2006 and 2012) and LUC official maps of Portugal (Carta de Ocupação do Solo, COS 2007 and 2010) provided by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the General Directorate for Territorial Development (DGT). Each LUC dataset has undergone vector-to-raster conversion, with different resolutions (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 m). LUCC were analyzed based on the vector GI of each LUC dataset, and with LUC raster outputs using different resolutions. Initially, it was observed that the areas with different LUC types in two LUC datasets in vector format were not similar—a fact explained by the different properties of this type of GI. When using raster GI to perform the analysis of LUCC, it was observed that at high resolutions, the results are identical to the results obtained when using vector GI, but this ratio decreases with increased cell size. In the analysis of LUCC results obtained with raster LUC GI, the outputs with pixel size greater than 100 m do not follow the same trend of LUCC obtained with high raster resolutions or using LUCC obtained with vector GI. These results point out the importance of the factor form and the area of the polygons, and different effects of amalgamation and dilation in the vector-to-raster conversion process, more evident at low resolutions. These findings are important for future evaluations of LUCC that integrate raster GI and vector/raster conversions, because the different LUC GI resolution in line with accuracy can explain the different results obtained in the evaluation of LUCC. The present work demonstrates this fact, i.e., the effects of vector-to-raster conversions using various resolutions culminated in different results of LUCC.

Does the Factor Structure of the Brief COPE Fit Different Types of Traumatic Events?

The current study aims to explore the likelihood of there being a higher-order factorial model of the Brief COPE ( Carver, 1997 ) that is equally appropriate and valid for different traumatic groups (i.e., breast cancer patients and female flood survivors) at 3–4 months after the traumatic event. Both groups of participants include 180 survivors. Five factorial models for the Brief COPE were identified when reviewing the literature, and model comparisons were made by conducting confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). The three dimensions of the Brief COPE posited by Litman (2006) and Gutiérrez, Peri, Torres, Caseras, and Valdés (2007) , namely self-sufficient coping, socially-supported coping, and avoidant coping, were supported in both traumatic populations. Tests of measurement invariance generally supported invariance (factor form, factor loadings, item intercepts, error variances, factor variances, and covariances) across groups, implying that groups perceive the latent factors in the same way and the higher-order coping across different traumatic groups is meaningful. Moreover, the relationship between the three higher-order coping factors and variables of psychological adjustment was examined. Generally, different relationships between the subtypes of coping and the outcomes of adaptation existed between female flood survivors and breast cancer patients. Further theoretical and practical implications for these relationships are discussed.

Mixed convection in poiseuille fluid from an asymmetrically confined heated circular cylinder

This paper examines the effects of thermal buoyancy on momentum and heat transfer characteristics of symmetrically and asymmetrically confined cylinder submerged in incompressible Poiseuille liquid. The detailed flow and temperature fields are visualized in term of streamlines and isotherm contours. The numerical results have been presented and discussed for the range of conditions as 10 ? Re ? ? 40, Richardson number 0 ? Ri ? 4, and eccentricity factor 0 ? ? ? 0.7 at Prandtl number Pr = 1, and blockage ratio B = 20%. The representative streamlines and isotherm patterns are presented to interpret the flow and thermal transport visu?alization. When the buoyancy is added, it is observed that the flow separation di?minishes gradually and at some critical value of the thermal buoyancy parameter it completely disappears resulting a creeping flow. Additionally, it is observed that the down vortex requires more heating in comparison to upper vortex in order to be suppressed. In the range 1.5 ? Ri ? 4, two counter rotating regions appear above the cylinder and on the down channel wall behind the cylinder. The total drag coefficient, CD, increases with increasing Richardson number at (? = 0). Moreover, an increase in eccentricity factor from 0 to 0.3 increases CD by 37% at Re = 10, and 30% at Re = 20 for Ri = 4. An increase in eccentricity factor form 0 to 0.4 increases local Nusselt number by 20.4% at Re = 10, and 18.6% at Re = 30 for Ri = 4.

Comparing multisource ratings: can I believe what they say about my leadership behaviour?

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the feedback managers receive from their work colleagues is based on a shared understanding of their leadership behaviours. This similarity in perception is called conceptual equivalence. The study also took into account the managers’ and their work colleagues’ expectations. Design/methodology/approach A total of 441 managers participated in a 360-degree feedback programme that sought responses from their bosses (n = 380), peers (n = 1,621) and subordinates (n = 1,680). The instrument used was the Competing Values Framework 16-item survey, which describes the leadership behaviours that managers must display to be effective. It also measures the behaviours they consider important. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the rating scores of the managers and the three hierarchical levels of their work colleagues to determine conceptual equivalence between self and work colleagues’ ratings. Conceptual models were formulated and compared by testing for factor form equivalence. Findings Conceptual equivalence was found across all rater groups for both leadership behaviours displayed and the importance of leadership behaviours. Practical implications This paper provides managers and human resource professionals with useful insights on how to improve the use of 360-degree feedback processes by ensuring that conceptual equivalence is established for feedback supplied by raters from different hierarchical levels. The findings also stress the importance of including expectations when receiving feedback on leadership behaviours. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the benefits of determining the conceptual equivalence of feedback received by managers from various work colleagues. A second contribution is the inclusion of expectations in the feedback process, as none of the previous work has included such a measure.