scholarly journals Floral Distribution, Diversity, and Ecology of Mangrove Forests in Mandaitivu and Arali, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Ahalya Arulnayagam
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Belt Transect ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangroves in the northern parts of Sri Lanka has been understudied and often ignored by the ecologists due to several reasons. This paper contributes to the assessment of floristic diversity and community structure of mangrove forests in two sites in the Northern Province; Mandaitivu and Arali. Vegetation studies were undertaken with the use of 10m wide belt transect laid across the water-land gradient, within which, 5-7 quadrats were placed for floral identification (nMandaitivu = 67, nArali = 44). Subsurface water samples (n=57) from adjacent estuarine region were taken to assess environmental parameters. Ten true mangrove species of six families were identified altogether in both sites. Bruguiera cylindrica, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha and Avicennia marina showed higher niche width. Zonation exhibited Rhizophora in the fringing zone, Avicennia landward and the others in the mixed zone. Salinity in both areas were relatively high and showed a significantly positive correlation with mangrove abundance along with conductivity, tidal regime and pH. Despite of their important role in coastal dynamics, mangroves have been degraded due to anthropogenic activities, thus demanding actions for conservation in the future.

scholarly journals Optimizing mangrove conservation efforts with improved understanding of phytosociology-ecology synergy in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahalya Suresh ◽  
Jinsoon Park ◽  
Jong Seong Khim
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Principal Coordinates

The study aimed to understand the forest structure and ecological factors influencing mangrove distribution in eight mangrove forests across three climatic zones in Sri Lanka. We studied mangrove diversity and vegetation structure with 10m wide belt transects laid of different lengths (n=96) across the land-water gradient. Mangroves along the transect were identified, enumerated, and measured diameter at breast height (DBH). Subsurface water samples were taken in the adjoining lagoon/estuary to assess the environmental parameters (n=144), and water quality parameters were measured. Site-dependent spatial changes in the community structure were depicted through cluster analysis (CA). The forest survey revealed a heterogeneous mixture of 20 true mangrove species across the sites dominated by Avicennia, Rhizophora, and Sonneratia spp. Among the several environmental parameters analyzed by the distance-based redundancy ordination analysis (dbRDA), salinity, dissolved oxygen, and precipitation were found to be controlling factors in mangrove community structure. In addition, discriminant analysis confirmed the presence of ecological-phytosociological influence on mangrove assemblages identified through CA. The significant structural parameters tree density, and taxonomic diversity when tested using the canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP), altered the species abundance across the sites surveyed. The results suggest that there is a strong linkage between phytosociology and ecology with the mangrove forest distribution and this relationship needs to be considered wisely to fortify successful restoration practices.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA MENDALOK KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Muharamsyah ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Hafiz Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems that have ecological, biological and socio-economic functions. The function of mangrove forests on the environment is very important especially in the coastal and oceanic regions. Mangrove forests providers of wood, leaves as raw material for medicines, and natural dye. This study aims to inventory the diversity of species of mangrove vegetation in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. The benefits of this study are to provide the data on mangrove forest vegetation as basic data for local government and related agencies in efforts to protect and preserve mangrove forests in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. Inventory the tree in mangrove forest used a line with measured 200 meters. There are 6 lines and the distance between the lines as far as 100 meters. The lines of observation are placed by purposive sampling. The results of research found 11 types of species and consisted of 6 genera. The genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Soneratia and Xylocarpus. The species found were Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus mollucensis. Diversity of mangrove species in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency was high and should be maintained for conservation and ecotourism area. Keywords : conservation, ecotourism, mangrove, Mendalok Village

Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Daun di Ekosistem Bakau Pulau Kelong, Kabupaten Bintan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Wayan Eka Dharmawan ◽  
Neviaty P. Zamani ◽  
Hawis H. Madduppa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Regional Productivity ◽  
High K

<strong>Decomposition Rate of Leaf Litter in The Mangrove Ecosystem of Kelong Island, Bintan Regency.</strong> The mangrove forests in the southeastern part of Kelong Island have abundant carbon reserves that indicate high primary productivity areas. Decomposition of leaf litter, as a part of regional productivity, produces simple essential nutrients utilized to sustain the growth of mangroves. The purpose of this study was to determine the decomposition rate of leaf litter in each zone of the study, the Landward (L), Middlezone (M), and Seaward (S) which is distinguished by the abundance of plant species and in situ environmental parameters. The experiment was conducted in March–May 2015 in the mangrove areas of Island Kelong, Bintan regency. The decomposition process was observed at six time intervals, i.e. 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days using net bag containing 10 g of wet leaves placed on the substrate surface. The results showed that L was a zone with highest percentage of decomposition (56.34 ± 20.58%) compared to the M and S, respectively for 51.59 ± 15.46% and 51.09 ± 8.70%. The highest rate of litter decomposition in zone L was 1.40 ± 0.82 g·m-2·day-1 that was significantly different from the zones M and S, respectively of 0.83 ± 0.89 g·m-2·day-1 and 0.78 ± 0.70 g·m-2·day-1.  Analysis of the coefficient of decomposition rate (k) indicated that the rate of decomposition in this region was high (k &gt; 0.01). The decomposition rate has a significant correlation with the abundance of mangrove species, the salinity value of the water, and soil temperature.

Abundance, Zonation and Foraging Ecology of Birds in Mangroves of Darwin Harbour, Northern Territory.

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Noske
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi

The density, seasonality, habitat utilization and foraging ecology of birds in mangals (mangrove forests) at a site on the upper reaches of Darwin Harbour were investigated by transect censusing and colour-banding over three years. Despite having only 10 species of plants, the site supported 17 confirmed and five probable breeding resident species of birds, and was visited by 30 more. From variable-width transect censuses, the mean density of birds on a 4-ha plot was estimated to be 25 ha-1, fairly consistent with densities obtained from territory mapping of colour-banded birds. Nearly 70% of the individuals belonged to just 4 species: two mangal-dependent species, the red-headed honeyeater (Myzomela erythrocephala) and the yellow white-eye (Zosterops lutea) and two more generalised species, the large-billed gerygone (Gerygone magnirostris) and the brown honeyeater (Lichmera indistincta). Only the red-headed honeyeater showed significant seasonal variation in abundance, with highest numbers during the late dry season after breeding. This coincided with the period of greatest food (nectar) availability in the mangal, due to flowering Bruguiera exaristata. Lowest numbers of the red-headed honeyeater (and the brown honeyeater) occurred in the late wet season when nectar was scarce in the mangal but abundant in Melaleuca cajuputi fringing the mangal. Several resident species held permanent territories, while others apparently shifted landward during the wet season, possibly due to the wetter conditions created by freshwater runoff and high spring tides Many species showed strong associations with particular mangal zones. Large-billed gerygones, grey whistlers (Pachycephala simplex), shining flycatchers (Myiagra alecto) and mangrove fantails (Rhipidura phasiana) were associated with the Rhizophora zone at the wetter (more frequently inundated) end of the plot; mangrove robins (Eopsaltria pulverulenta) and mangrove gerygones (Gerygone laevigaster), were encountered most in the Ceriops zone; and green-backed gerygones (Gerygone chloronata) strongly favoured the dry landward edge. Four foraging guilds were evident among 13 of the most abundant species, the largest of which was the insectivorous foliage-foraging guild. Species in this group partitioned resources by differential selection of mangrove species, heights and foraging techniques. The tiny (6.4 g) mangrove gerygone was the most specialized species, spending 80% of its time on Avicennia marina. Contrary to the literature, breeding of mangal-dwelling birds peaked during the dry season. The ecology, evolution and biogeography of mangrove-endemic birds is reviewed in the light of this study and recent information from Western Australia.

scholarly journals Community mapping and vegetational analysis of the mangrove forest in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Agnes Zafe Faustino ◽  
Helen Lonsamia Madela ◽  
Richard Gavina Castor ◽  
Alvin Paredes Muroda ◽  
Marian Nena Parato Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Philippine Government

Mangrove forests in Philippines have been noted for years to be continuously dwindling in terms of forest cover and diversity. The reasons behind these unfortunate events are the unabated illegal activities in the mangroves albeit the enforcement of laws and policies pertaining to its conservation and rehabilitation. For several decades, the Philippine government had been implementing programs and projects aiming to bring back the once pristine and productive mangrove areas through reforestation of denuded areas in the country. However, assessment is needed to evaluate whether these efforts have positively impacted coastal areas. This paper presents the current vegetational condition of selected reforested mangrove areas in Calabanga, San Miguel Bay, Philippines. Fifty-six (56) quadrats measuring 10x10m were established strategically in four (4) randomly selected rehabilitated mangrove sites. The overall results show that ten (10) mangrove species were recorded and Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata got the highest importance values of 111.59 and 105.96 respectively. This only shows that mono-specific mangrove species were considered during the rehabilitation of the areas set aside the environmental parameters affecting survival rate and the ecological diversity of the mangrove forest. A framework was developed to guide the local government in developing their sustainable mangrove management plan.

scholarly journals Diversity, biomass, covers, and NDVI of restored mangrove forests in Karawang and Subang Coasts, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Suwanto ◽  
Noverita Dian Takarina ◽  
Raldi Hendro Koestoer ◽  
Evi Frimawaty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
West Java ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorhiza

Abstract. Suwanto A, Takarina ND, Koestoer RH, Frimawaty E. 2021. Diversity, biomass, covers, and NDVI of restored mangrove forests in Karawang and Subang Coasts, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4115-4122. Indonesia has been recognized as the country with greatest diversity of mangrove species with significant amount of carbon sink and biomass. In few recent decades, mangrove forests have been deforested significantly. One of the solutions to deal with mangrove deforestation is through restoration. West Java north coasts are one of the areas that have experienced deforestation, however and mangrove restorations have been conducted mainly in Karawang and Subang coasts. Correspondingly this research aims to assess the mangrove diversity using index and biomass resulted from restoration program in those coasts. To assess the mangrove diversity in each coast on June 2021, 6 sampling stations containing 3 replicated sample plots of size 10 m × 10 m were located. In total 8 species with 1549 trees were been sampled. In Subang the order of mangrove species from common to less-common species were Avicennia marina > Rhizophora mucronata > Sonneratia caseolaris > Acanthus ilicifolius > Bruguiera gymnorhiza. While the order in Karawang was Avicennia marina > Rhizophora mucronata > Rhizophora apiculata > Sonneratia caseolaris > Bruguiera gymnorhiza. The mangrove diversity (H)’ was significantly different (p = 0.000, F = 2.216) with diversity in Subang Coast (average H' = 1.326, 95% CI: 1.15-1.5) was higher than in Karawang (average H’ = 1.063, 95%CI: 0.934-1.2). Estimated restored mangrove covers in Subang were 3.612 km2 and 0.46 km2 in Karawang. R. mucronata was mangrove species that has the highest biomass with the value of 1337.91 mg ha-1 and the lowest was A. marina with value of 14.3 mg ha-1. The results suggest that restoration areas in Subang and Karawang have significant contributions to maintain mangrove diversity, biomass, and covers.

scholarly journals Studies on Canopy Parameters of Some Mangroves Along the Coast of Maharashtra

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Narendra Kulkarni ◽  
Leela J. Bhosale
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Kandelia Candel ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Aegiceras Corniculatum ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Avicennia Officinalis

Mangrove species, viz., Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia marina var. acutissima, Avicennia marina (dwarf), Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Aegiceras  corniculatum, Kandelia  candel were chosen for measurement of height of the tree and girth or circumference. The sampling was random and at least 50 records were made. The girth is measured by the tape. The measurement of the height is made with the help of abny level. The Tables 1 to 8 records the values for girth, height and canopy cover as well as for correlation coefficient (r). There correlation between girth and canopy in all the species studied however in case of Avicennia officinalis and Aegiceras corniculatum girth and height show more co-relation than girth and C. cover. The positive co-relation observed between girth and canopy is more or less 0.7 except Avicennia marina (dwarf) Excoecaria agallocha and Aegiceras corniculatum. The co-relation is observed in girth and height is difficult to explain. This case is observed in Avicennia officinalis and Aegiceras corniculatum.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESESUAIAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE SEBAGAI KAWASAN EKOWISATA DI PULAU KELAPAN KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Arthur Muhammad Farhaby ◽  
Andi Abdullah ◽  
Carmila Carmila ◽  
Edward Arnanda ◽  
Emi Atika Nasution ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
The Village

Pulau Kelapan secara geografis terletak pada 2?50’59.000’’ LS dan 106?50’31.000’’ BT.Pulau Kelapan terletak di desa Kumbung, Kecamatan Lepar Pongok, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Pulau ini dikelilingi oleh hutan mangrove yang masih alami dan keberadaannya memang dijaga oleh masyarakat Pulau Kelapan.Kawasan hutan mangrove Pulau Kelapan memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi destinasi ekowisata mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian lahan mangrove di Pulau Kelapan untuk dikembangkan sebagai lokasi wisata. Data yang diambil meliputi data kesesuaian wisata mangrove seperti parameter vegetasi dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 di Pulau Kelapan, Kabupaten Lepar Pongok, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Stasiun pengamatan dalam penelitian ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling, dimana membagi pulau kelapan ke dalam 4 stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) untuk ekowisata mangrove di Pulau Kelapan pada stasiun 1 termasuk dalam kategori sangat cocok (S1) dengan nilai IKW 79% dan yang termasuk kategori sesuai (S2) ditemukan di stasiun 2.3 dan 4 dengan nilai IKW masing-masing adalah 51%, 66 % dan 74%. Jenis mangrove yang ditemukan di Pulau Kelapan adalah Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum yang tersebar di setiap stasiun pengamatan.SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM AS ECOTOURISM AREAS IN KELAPAN ISLAND, SOUTH BANGKA DISTRICT. The Kelapan Island is geographically located at 2?50’59,000 ’’ LS and 106?50’31,000 ’’ BT. Kelapan Island located in the village Kumbung, District Lepar Pongok, South Bangka Regency. The island is surrounded by a natural mangrove forests and its existence is maintained and managed by local communities Kelapan island mangrove forest area has the potential to be developed into a mangrove eco-tourism destination. This study aims to determine the suitability of mangrove area in Kelapan Island to be developed as an ecotourism location. The research data includes the suitability index of mangrove tourism such as vegetation and environmental parameters. This research was conducted on November 2019 on Kelapan Island, Lepar Pongok, South Bangka Regency. The observation stations in the study were determined by the purposive sampling method, which divides the Kelapan islands into 4 observation stations. The results showed that the index of Conformity Tourism (IKW) for ecotourism mangroves on the Kelapan Island at station 1 were included in the category of very suitable (S1) with IKW 79% and are categorized accordingly (S2) were found in the station 2.3 and 4 with the value of IKW of 51%, 66% and 74%. Mangrove species found on the Kelapan Island was Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum found in each observation station.

scholarly journals Habitat Management Based on Mangrove Sensitivity Assesment in Tulungagung Coastal Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 007 (02) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Dhira K. Saputra ◽  
◽  
Bambang Semedi ◽  
Arief Darmawan ◽  
Oktiyas Muzakky Luthfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Acanthus Ebracteatus ◽  
Avicennia Alba

Tulungagung reflects the typical conditions of southern coast of Java, which dominated bay small bays with thin layer of superficial mud sediments and bordered by hilly terrain. Mangrove distribution in Tulungagung located in there locations, Brumbun Beach, Gerangan Beach and Sine Beach. This research aimed to identify the forest structure, habitat sensitivity and completed with management plan in each location. Data collected includes vegetation structure, hydrooceanography, environmental pressure and anthropogenic activities. An interesting finding is that, despite its narrow areas (2,24 Ha), mangroves in Tulungagung have high species diversity (11 species of true mangrove includes Acanthus ebracteatus, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Rhizopora stylosa dan Sonneratia alba). Rm and Rs stands dominated by >7m height with canopy cover range from 79,4-89,6%. Geomorphological settings and limited mud supply are the primary challenges for mangrove habitat in Tulungagung. On the other hand, observation conservation status and local stakeholders involvement show the need for improvement of mangrove management in Tulungagung coastal areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of mangrove species diversity in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Pototan ◽  
Neil Capin ◽  
Aileen Grace Delima ◽  
Annabelle Novero
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Near Threatened

Abstract. Pototan BL, Capin NC, Delima AG, Novero AU. 2021. Assessment of mangrove species diversity in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 144-153. This study determined mangrove species diversity and community structure in Banaybanay, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Ten 150m long transects plots were laid out perpendicular through the mangrove forests yielding 30 plots and total sampled area of 3, 000 m2. Individual trees within plots were counted, identified and measured for diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree height. For diversity analysis, Shannon-Weiner Index of Diversity (H’), Pielou’s Index of Evenness (J), Simpson’s Index of Dominance (C), and Effective Number of Species (ENS) were used. Results showed a total of 33 species belonging to 14 families, 31 of which are true mangroves and two associates. Two threatened species, the endangered Camptostemon philippinensis and vulnerable Avicennia rumphiana, and three near-threatened species were recorded. Diversity analysis showed a high diversity index (H’=3.145; ENS=23) and high species evenness (J=0.85) but low dominance (C=0.05). Sonneratia alba attained the greatest importance value (IV=59.79%) due to high relative density, relative frequency, and relative dominance. Also, Rhizophoraceae is the most represented among 14 families. Hence, Banaybanay being highly diverse with the presence of threatened and near-threatened mangrove species calls for immediate protection and conservation measures because of increasing anthropogenic activities and environmental problems observed in the area.

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