In Vitro Culture of Bovine Fibroblasts using Select Serum-Free Media Supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris Extract

Standard cell culture practices require addition of animal-derived serum to culture media to achieve adequate cell growth. Typically, 5-10% by volume of fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used, which accounts for a vast majority of the cost of media while also imposing environmental and ethical concerns associated with the use of animal serum. Here we tested the efficacy of culturing cells by replacing serum in the media with algae extract and select additives. Using LC-MS, we compared molecular signatures of FBS to Chlorella algae extracts and identified NAD(H)/NADP(H) as common and relatively abundant features in their characteristic profiles. Bovine fibroblasts, cultured in serum-free media supplemented with C. vulgaris extract and just two growth factors plus insulin, showed significant growth with enhanced viability compared to control cells cultured without serum, albeit still lower than that of controls cultured with 10% FBS. Moreover, C. vulgaris extract enhanced cell viability beyond that of cells cultured with the two growth factors and insulin alone. These results suggest that key components in serum which are essential for cell growth may also be present in C. vulgaris extract, demonstrating that it may be used at least as a partial alternative to serum for cell culture applications.

Hybrid Dissolved-Oxygen and Temperature Sensing: A Nanophotonic Probe for Real-Time Monitoring of Chlorella Algae

Dissolved-oxygen concentration and temperature are amongst the crucial parameters required for the precise monitoring of biological and biomedical systems. A novel hybrid nanocomposite probe for real-time and contactless measurement of both dissolved-oxygen concentration and temperature, based on a combination of downconverting phosphorescent molecules of platinum octaethylporphyrin and lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles immobilized in a host of polystyrene, is here introduced. Chlorella algae are employed here as a model to demonstrate the hybrid nanophotonic sensor’s capability to monitor the aforementioned two parameters during the photosynthesis process, since these are among the parameters impacting their production efficiency. These algae have attracted tremendous interest due to their potential to be used for diverse applications such as biofuel production; however, feasibility studies on their economic production are still underway.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Chlorella Algae Methyl Ester Fuelled Diesel Engine with Varying Injection Pressure

In the present scenario when the world is facing severe problem related to continuous decrease in the level of fossil fuels and increasing level of green house gases due to their uses in industries and automobiles, there is a high demand from all technologists and environmentalists to find and develop some alternative fuel especially manufactured from biomass like chlorella algae due to its presence in abundance. The mentioned algae is readily available and is being used as a dietary source in many countries especially in Japan due to its rich protein lipids and starch content and highly suitable for extraction of oil that can be used as an alternative to the existing fossil fuel diesel. The blend of B20 chlorella algae methyl ester or biodiesel is tested for its suitability with respect to its combustion performance and emissions characteristics in a variable compression ratio engine at 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar injection pressures. The performance data obtained are compared and analyzed for optimum performance with reference to mechanical, combustion properties and emissions of exhaust gases and a comparison is made with the properties obtained for pure diesel in similar conditions

Performance of Immobilized Chlorella Algae for Removing pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution

This study aims to show the effectiveness of immobilization of Chlorella green algae biomass in the form of bead for the removal of lead ions from synthetic polluted water at various operational parameters such as pH (2–6), biosorbent dosage (0.5–20 g/L) and initial concentration (10–100 mg/L). More than 90 % removal efficiency was achieved. FTIR and SEM-EDX analysis of the biosorbent before and after sorption show differences in the functional groups on the adsorbent surface. Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to the experimental and results and show good conformity with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model with correlation coefficient (0.994) and (0.998) respectively.

WATER QUALITY IN TRIBUTARIES OF VOLGA RIVER IN WATER AREA OF GORKY WATER-STORAGE BASIN

In article the results of complex study of water quality for tributaries of Volga river in a water area of Gorky water-storage basin. Study methods included both the chemical and biological methods of pollution level control. For all water flows the excess of MPC on heavy metals (by 1-27 times), partially on copper by 1-27, on iron –by 3-9, on manganese by 1-8, as well as on ammonium cations – by 1-6, and difficult-oxidizing organic compounds (COD)-by 2-4 is observed. It was established by the bio-testing method (test-objects are the chlorella algae and Daphnia) that water samples taken in the region of river mouths of Gorky water-storage basin (Sunzha, Kazokha, Elnat, Kineshemka) don’t posses acute toxicity but they are slightly toxicity.