Religious Print in Settler Australia and Oceania

A distinctive feature of the study of religion in Australia and Oceania concerns the influence of European culture. While often associated with private interiority, the European concept of religion was deeply reliant upon the materiality of printed publication practices. Prominent historians of religion have called for a more detailed evaluation of the impact of religious book forms, but little research has explored this aspect of the Australian case. Settler publications include their early Bible importation, pocket English language hymns and psalters, and Indigenous language Bible translations. As elsewhere in Europe, Australian settlers relied on print to publicize their understanding of religion in their new context. Recovering this legacy not only enriches the cultural history of Australian settler religion, it can also foster new avenues through which to appreciate Australia’s multireligious and Indigenous heritage.

Incunabula in Communities of Canonesses Regular and Tertiaries Related to the Devotio Moderna

This contribution discusses the hitherto overlooked ownership of the earliest printed books (incunabula) by Netherlandish female religious communities of tertiaries and canonesses regular connected to the religious reform movement of the Devotio moderna. Studies of book ownership and book collections in these communities have tended to focus on manuscripts. From the last decades of the fifteenth century onwards, however, these religious women increasingly came in contact with printed books, even though the involvement of the Devotio moderna with the printing press was limited. The discussion focuses on the channels via which tertiaries and canonesses acquired books produced by commercially operating printers, the ways in which incunabula affected what these (semi-)religious women read, as well as the ratio between printed books in Latin and the vernacular, and their function(s) within these communities. Thus the essay intends to sketch a preliminary image of the role of incunabula in female convents, and advocates a more inclusive approach of female religious book ownership.

MAKNA LOGIKA NUBUWWAH DALAM DAKWAH KH. AHMAD BAHAUDDIN NURSALIM: ANALISIS TRILOGIEPISTEMOLOGI ARAB-ISLAM DAN ANALISIS RESEPSI ENCODING/DECODING

This article examines the meaning of the Logic of Nubuwwah by KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim and his dakwah broadcast. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The logic of nubuwwah is a rational and humane way of thinking based on wisdom so that it can glorify oneself in the presence of Allah Swt. As for understanding it can be through an approach based on texts: Al-Qur’an, Hadith and religious books (bayani epistemology), a coherent and reasonable logic, even if it comes from the words of an a'rabi, (burhani epistemology) and direct experience of the spiritual reality of religion (irfani epistemology). 2) KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim uses a pattern a) an explanation based on a typical Islamic boarding school knowledge framework b) the arrangement of material that is discusive with the students and society b) an open dialogical explanation and communicative based on the religious book which contains the Koran, Hadith and the thought of the ulama c) contains a contextual interpretation that can relate to the students and society d) contains cultural values that apply in society such as manners, morals, ethics, local wisdom and so on.Keywords: Logic of Nubuwwah; Dakwah; KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim.Abstrak: Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang makna Logika Nubuwwah dalam dakwah dakwah KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim dan proses penyiaran dakwah KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Logika nubuwwah adalah cara berpikir yang masuk akal dan manusiawi yang serat akan keluhuran dan ketinggian derajat manusia sehingga dapat memuliakan dirinya di hadapan Allah Swt. Adapun dalam memahaminya dapat melalui pendekatan yang didasarkan pada nash: Al-Qur’an, Hadits dan kitab-kitab klasik (epistemologi bayani), logika yang runtut dan masuk akal, sekalipun itu berasal dari omongan seorang a’rabi/awam (epistemologi burhani) dan pengalaman langsung atas realitas spiritual keagamaan, tidak terbatas hanya untuk hal-hal yang melangit saja namun juga termasuk amaliah sehari-hari (epistemologi irfani). 2) Proses penyiaran dakwah KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim menggunakan pola a) penjelasan yang berdasarkan kerangka pengetahuan khas pondok pesantren b) penyusunan materi yang bersifat diskusi dengan para santri b) penjelasan yang dialogis yang bersifat terbuka dan komunikatif berdasarkan kitab kuning yang di dalamnya terkandung Al-Qur’an, Hadits dan pemikiran ulama c) mengandung tafsir dan interpretasi yang kontekstual sehingga bisa relate dengan kehidupan para santri dan masyarakat d) memuat nilai-nilai budaya yang berlaku di masyarakat seperti tata krama, akhlak, etika, moral, adab, sopan santun, susila, kearifan lokal dan lain sebagainya.Kata Kunci: Logika Nubuwwah; Dakwah; KH. Ahmad Bahauddin Nursalim.

Kurikulum dan Pendidikan Nasionalisme di Pondok Pesantren Tremas

This research aims to describe the curriculum design in Pondok Tremas; to measure the concept of nationalism in Pondok Tremas; to describe the nationalism education design of curriculum at Pondok Tremas; and make a model for strengthening nationalism in Pondok Tremas. This research is a grounded research model developed by Noeng Muhadjir with the naturalistic paradigm of Guba and Lincoln. The research sample was taken by using purposive sampling in Pondok Tremas Pacitan. The results showed that the curriculum design at Pondok Tremas is a salafiyah style (traditional) leading to seven santri daily activities, including: religious book reading, religious practices, musabaqah, implementation of reward and punishment, discussion, khitābiyah forum, and study of bahts al-masāil. The concept of strengthening nationalism in Pondok Tremas is carried out through the study of Kitab Kuning. The design of nationalism education in Pondok Tremas curriculum uses Ralph W. Tyler's development model theory, expressed through: thought (a study of Kitab Kuning), heart (in the form of wirid and istigatsah); feel (in the implementation of students’ five souls, including; simplicity, independence, brotherhood, freedom, modesty); and work (in the form of various community activities). The model of strengthening nationalism in Pondok Tremas is carried out through two domains: strengthening nationalism in the form of thought and strengthening nationalism in the form of action

Factors Influencing Proper Zakah Payment in Dighalia Upazila of Khulna District, Bangladesh

The research identifies factors influencing proper zakah paying behavior in Dighalia upazila of Khulna district of Bangladesh. Summary statistics shows that most zakah amounts are paid in cash and are paid in the month of Ramadan. None paid zakah through any institution rather paid personally to both relatives and non-relatives. A logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting proper zakah payment. Result shows that performers of hajj and chilla have 80 percent and 73 percent more likelihood respectively to be exact zakah payers than those who have not performed those. Regular readers of religious book have 54 percent higher probability to be exact zakah payers than other category. The study suggests taking step to increase awareness of zakah payers in order to reduce poverty and inequality. As many zakah payers are unorganized and pay in piecemeal meal to many people and in uncoordinated way, collective and coordinated approach zakah management can bring greater effect.

Worldly Portent of Face Uncovering and Women’s Dilapidation: A Comparative Study in Context with Quranic Injunctions

Assyrian Text is witnessed that women used veil for face covering with an additional piece of cloth about 13 centuries before the Christ. Then history of mankind displays veil in Egyptian society that was transparent and normally white in color. We found a handful evidences in Greek literature regarding veiling of face. History travels to Anglo-Saxon age and witnessed that women used veil to cover their hair of head. The head covering shows a biological reasoning also. Roman culture was the culture of fantasy, the veils were full of colorful, and multi designed veil arranged by flowers and different beautiful substantial. In Roman, veil developed from only head covering to shoulder covering and then from head to back covering. British regime also enrich the history of veil. There was beautiful designed, decorated with net clothes and covered with beautiful embroidery. The veil was empowered by elite community in England. Later it was popularized as a fashion in colonial communities. Through this thorough historic discussion, it is approved that veil used by women has a long history as the human history. In religious context, Hinduism is understood as the oldest religion on globe, it is found that in Harappan times about 2500 BC, Aryan women used to wear full body covering single cloth from head covering to foot, which was preached in Hindu religious book Vedas also, later the single cloth was known as Sari. And after the introduction of Christianity, Veil was introduced as a compulsory symbol of religion. Veil of whole body with strict rules can be seen in the form of Christian nun. Later, Islam explained veil of women in public as an obligatory sign. Islam is the youngest religion on earth, it was published rapidly and the implication of its rules are practiced prominently. After a thorough historic and religious discussion, it if proved in this article that veil was a compulsory part of human society and religions before Islam had also preached for veiling.

Authorship Verification in Arabic Using Function Words: A Controversial Case Study of Imam Ali's Book Peak of Eloquence

This paper addresses the viability of two multivariate methods (Principal Components Analysis and Cluster Analysis) in verifying the disputed authorship of a famous Arabic religious book called (Nahjul-Balagha/ Peak of Eloquence). This book occupies an exceptional position in the history of the huge debates held between the two basic Islamic sectors: Sunni'e and Shia. Therefore, it represents a serious challenge to the viability of the multivariate techniques in resolving certain types of historical and sectarian conflicts and controversies. Furthermore, verifying the authorship of this book could be a good opportunity to find out whether there are certain quantitative techniques of attribution that hold for different languages such as English and Arabic. Function words have been targeted in this paper as possible indicators of the author's identity. Accordingly, a set of Arabic function words would be tested using WordSmith Tools (version 5). It turned out that the multivariate techniques are most likely robust for addressing the type of issues raised about Nahjul- Balagha. Besides, it appeared that the statistical patterns of function word usages are quite sensitive to genre in Arabic.