Relasi Kuasa Ulama Sufi dan Negara dalam Kultur-Budaya Politik Indonesia

This article examines the critical role of the dimensions of Sufism represented by Sufi ulama in the public sphere (political power) state, either directly or indirectly. In Indonesian historicity, the relationship between Sufi ulama and the state has lasted centuries, even to the modern era. In political theory, there is a "descending of power" and an "ascending of power". Descending power is identical to religiopolitical power, namely power based on religion by placing Sufi scholars as representatives of the people and above the king's power. Power is interpreted as a political system that separates religion and state. This problematic relationship places Sufi ulama in a transcendent way to become part of the state both directly and remotely. Examples of ascending of power are shown clearly through the figures of Habib Lutfi bin Yahya and KH. Maimun Zubair (Mbah Maimun) is in the midst of a potential nation clash during the 2019 presidential election process. This study is based on secondary sources in related references and primary sources. The primary source is based on the thoughts of a Sufi teacher and the murshid of Majelis Shalawat Kubro, Shalawat Muhammad, and Shalawat Adlimiyah in East Java.

Teaching About Female Genital Mutilation: Complex Question of Cultural Relativism and Preventive Movement

This study aims to investigate three things. First, how is the tendency of the perspective used in discussing the issue of female circumcision in society; second, what is the value base that distinguishes the practice of female circumcision in one society from another; and third, how each value base in the practice of female circumcision is realized or transformed in the feminist movement. The research was carried out with a qualitative approach where data were obtained using a literature study method by reading books, journal articles and various reports on the practice of female circumcision. The results show that studies that discuss the practice of female circumcision tend to be discussed in five perspectives, namely in the perspective of gender, culture, health, religion and law. In practice, female circumcision has a different value base from one society to another. The value bases used in female circumcision include women's initiation into adulthood; purification or cleansing, beautification; and female fertility. Different value bases become the basis for feminists to make efforts to prevent the practice of female circumcision, starting from the level of binding regulations to prevent the practice of female circumcision, community participatory dialogue to abandon the practice of female circumcision, and empowering women through education and the economy.

The Spirit of Al-Gazali against Capitalism in Pandemic Covid-19 Era

Capitalist behavior was unavoidable when the co-19 outbreak struck. Panic buying at a number of shopping centers, as well as hoarding of healthcare supplies such as masks and sanitizers, are all manifestations of capitalism’s selfish behavior. This essay stressed the critical importance of ethics in all parts of behavior, including economic activity, in order to dissuade such behavior. This study took a qualitative method, with Al-Gazali’s Sufistic thinking serving as the primary reference point. This study took a sociological perspective. The primary data collection took place over the course of one week at Lakessi traditional market, Sejahtera store, Alfamidi Weke branch, Indomaret Weke branch, Kimia Farma Andi Makkasau Pharmacy, Kimia Farma Pharmacy, Bau Massepe Pharmacy, and Indah Farma Pharmacy. Interviews corroborated the findings. Additionally, this study utilized secondary data from Al-Gazali’s work Ihya Ulumiddin and contemporary research. More precisely, when the sickness struck, Al-Gazali’s beliefs acted as a check on capitalist behavior. The qadr al-hajah and ihsan were revealed to be the most critical aspects in encouraging sharing and caring while simultaneously minimizing panic buying and hoarding. This article is expected to contribute to the scientific riches of the Co-19 Era and to fill the moral hole produced by capitalism.

Strategi Membangun Keunggulan di Era Disrupsi: Kajian di Pondok Pesantren Annur Azzubaidi, Konawe, Sulawesi Tenggara

This article describes the struggle of the Pesantren Annur Azzubaidi in building excellence in the era of disruption. The aspects studied are: developing the vision of the Pesantren, large-scale planning, strengthening the skills of students, and strengthening community relations. The deepening process is carried out through qualitative research with the narrative method, where the data is obtained through observation, interviews and document studies. Meanwhile, data analysis goes through the stages: data collection, data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results showed that: 1) the development of the vision of the Pesantren Annur Azzubaidi leads to the development of quality human resources in science; 2) large-scale planning embodied in short-term plans, medium-term plans, and long-term plans; 3) train students' skills in various fields such as agriculture, animal husbandry, arts, and entrepreneurship; 4) build partnerships and strengthen relationships with the community. This study recommends the need for further research on the resilience of the cottage tradition in the industrial era 4.0.

Otoritas Istri Perspektif Akademisi Hadis: Analisis Resepsi Exegesis terhadap Hadis Rā‘iyah

Some circles use the wife’s status as an excuse to treat women as second-class citizens. The Prophet’s hadith requiring the wife to be completely subservient to her husband, such as the hadith presupposing the requirement to prostrate to her husband, is one of the frequently misinterpreted explanations. The misreading of the hadith jeopardizes the Prophet’s mission as raḥmatan li al-‘ālamīn (mercy to entire universe). The purpose of this research is to look at the hadith regarding rā‘iyah, which is a hadith that suggests features of wife leadership in order to confirm the wife's authority in the home. This study examines how hadith experts interpret the hadith about rā‘iyah. Academics’ comprehension and application of hadith demonstrate patriarchal culture’s impact, with cultural-realistic readings still dominating. Academics’ ideal comprehension of the hadith appears to have failed to mitigate the influence of the surrounding culture. This study’s conceptual implication is that the rā‘iyah hadith refutes the idea that the wife is a second-class citizen who is submissive to the husband. A fundamental that must be fostered in Muslim households is the concept of equal responsibility for family success. This article discovers that a person’s ideal understanding of hadith is not always based on actual understanding because reality and culture might influence a person’s ideal understanding of hadith. As a result, an individual’s understanding cannot be utilized as an absolute argument that matches Islamic teachings’ goals.

The Integration of Islamic Education Value in Strengthening Higher Education Students’ Peace-loving Character

Very important to provide understanding and awareness to students to manage religious differences into peace-loving characters. In Islamic education, it can be implemented in several ways, such as opposing violent methods and emphasizing the means of deliberation, upholding the values of togetherness, accepting the existence of various human attributes. The method of this study comprised of FGD in examining the curriculum of Islamic Education in Higher Education; developing Islamic Education curriculum models in strengthening the peace-loving character (the learning tools include syllabus, lesson plans, Media, and Evaluation). The results of the study demonstrated that the Islamic education curriculum in tertiary institutions was not yet oriented to human beings peace-loving character, and limited understanding was identified among the students regarding the implementation of that character in the classroom settings. The religious education provided at Palangka Raya University has not yet implemented interfaith education. It required the media to apply the students’ understanding regarding the nature of human differences in activities involving different religions on a project. The Islamic Education Learning Toolkit was based on a student-based problem project with interfaith discussion techniques, making students solve problems that occur in the environment involving all students of different religions who take religious courses in odd semester of 2019/2020.

Relasi Kekerabatan Patronase Masyarakat Muna

This study is addressed to two things: the relationship of kinship and patronage, which take place in social aspect (education and economy) and culture (life cycle ceremony), and the relation of patronage kinship system, which implies on cohesion social community of Muna. This study showed that the relation of the Muna family was tied socially and culturally by two vertices, descent/affinity relation and patronage relation or patronage kinship system and in local term called intaidi bhasitie (we are family). The patronage kinship in Muna family works in almost every aspect of community life, both in social; educational, economic, even political; and cultural (life cycle ceremony). By using Anthropological family, this study argues that the kinship systems wrapped by patronage or boosted patronage by kinship relationships are neither firm nor sustainable. It may be safe in education, economy, and cultural aspects but may be weakened in political preference. Even though a relative still tied up in a family's node but his indifference will be called "family but not". This social relationship will threaten the bond of kinship that eventually fragile and unravel, and the social relation seems to be a pseudo kingship. This research implies that the social relations of patronage kinship will threaten kinship ties which are eventually fragile and unravel, resulting in pseudo kingship if the conditions for a patron-client as Scott's theory are not fulfilled, and eventually become a transactional relationship bond. This research is expected to provide an understanding that kinship ties or patronage relations are traditionally socio-cultural capital that is increasingly threatened by the demands of economic and political interests in modern transactional relationships.

Penolakan Peran Dokter Sebagai Eksekutor Sanksi Hukum Kebiri di Indonesia: Perspektif Filsafat Hukum Islam

Behind the pro-contra polemic of imposing castration legal sanctions for criminals of pedophilia in Indonesia, doctors have a dilemma as a profession that is considered to have medical competence and is worthy of being executors. It is due to the principle of maintaining the safety of human souls and the prohibition of taking action that endangers the lives of others in the code of ethics for the medical profession. The research seeks to present the perspective of Islamic legal philosophy in analyzing the arguments in the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI) rejection as the executor of the punishment for castration. This research is qualitative in the form of a literature review. This type of legal research is included in the category of philosophical normative Islamic law research using Islamic law principles (qawaid fiqhiyah). This research concludes that the principle of not endangering the safety of others in the medical profession is parallel to the rules of Islamic law (fiqh) which reads al-ḍararu yuzālu (fade must be eliminated). However, the provisions of the fiqh rule are not absolute. It means that under certain conditions, the act of harming someone is allowed in order to create public benefit (al-maslahat al-ammah). Therefore, a doctor who serves as executor in applying the caste penalty for pedophile offenders does not contradict the philosophy of Islamic law.

Integrasi Kegiatan Masyarakat Budaya Lokal dan Lembaga dalam Pendidikan Toleransi

The research explains the form of local wisdom of Bugis culture as a cultural value that characterizes the Palopo people. The local wisdom developed in Palopo City is in line with the pluralistic Palopo culture developing in Indonesia. Palopo people has local wisdom values such as humanizing. These values are always preserved so that they become the glue of religious harmony in Palopo City. The type of this research is ethnography. The research findings show that knowledge and understanding of the cultural traditions of society that contain pluralism allow students to suspend suspicion or even wholly disappear negative things that students have understood about other religions. The concept of pluralism is seen from implementing the cultural philosophy in Palopo, namely Sipakatau, Sipakalebbi, and Sipakaingge. Two universities, IAIN Palopo and Andi Djemma University practice the local wisdom values. The results shows that personally, students who were actively involved in the implementation of local wisdom education felt that they had experienced significant changes. In the aspect of faith, they are increasingly convinced of their religion while still providing adequate space for a good and correct assessment of the truth of the teachings of other religious and cultural beliefs.

Organizational Culture Dimensions in the Management of PM Gontor 7 Putera, Southeast Sulawesi

This article aims to investigate: (1) ideas and ideals of the establishment of PM Gontor; (2) Phases of the grounding of Gontor's PM ideas; 3) Proliferation of PM Gontor as the largest pesantren corporation in Indonesia; 4) Elements of Gontor's organizational culture. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out through four stages, namely: domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, compound analysis, and analysis of cultural themes. The results showed: (1) The existence of PM Gontor started with Pesantren Tegalsari ideas about the responsibility of advancing the Islamic Ummah and seeking the pleasure of Allah SWT; (2) The earthing phases of PM Gontor's ideas stretched during the founding of Old Gontor, the planting of shared values in the New Gontor era, instilling shared values through tiered education (3) The Gontor PM Proliferation is an effort to spread Gontor energy throughout Indonesia; (4) The elements of organizational culture in PM Gontor include the ideas/ideals of Tegalsari, educational strategies, shared values in the five souls, and the application of the five-term as a producer of the PM Gontor artifacts. The implication of this research is to continuously improve educational institutions by revitalizing the main dimensions of organizational culture.