Development and use of Test Instruments to measure Algebraic Reasoning Based on Cognitive Systems in Marzano’s Taxonomy

<p style="text-align: justify;">Algebraic reasoning involves representation, generalization, formalization of patterns and order in all aspects of mathematics. Hence, the focus of algebraic reasoning is on patterns, functions, and the ability to analyze situations with the help of symbols. The purpose of this study was to develop a test instrument to measure students' algebraic reasoning abilities based on cognitive systems in Marzano's taxonomy. The cognitive system in Marzano's taxonomy consists of four levels, including retrieval, comprehension, analysis, and knowledge utilization. According to the stage of cognitive development, students are at the level of knowledge utilization. At this level, students can make decisions, solve problems, generates and test hypotheses, as well as carry out investigations that are in line with indicators of algebraic reasoning abilities. The stages in developing the test instrument were based on three phases: preliminary investigation phase, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The study obtains a set of valid and reliable algebraic reasoning test instruments for students based on the cognitive system in Marzano's taxonomy. Through the development of an algebraic reasoning test instrument based on Marzano's taxonomy, students can build' thinking habits so that active learning exercises occurs.</p>

Knowledge, utilization and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali - Rwanda

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer attacking women globally, and the second in Eastern Africa where Rwanda is located. Regular screening is an effective prevention approach for cervical cancer. Despite that, the screening rate for cervical cancer in Africa is estimated between 10% and 70%, with a number of barriers. This is especially the case in sub-Saharan Africa. In Rwanda, there is limited literature on the rate of use of screening services or the barriers to cervical screening. Objective: To assess knowledge, utilization, and barriers of cervical cancer screening among women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Nominal ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions were used to gather data on knowledge and utilisation of cervical cancer and its screening. Likert-type scale questions were used to identify different barriers to screening services. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Respondents were selected by systematic random sampling from the database of women attending gynaecology services at three district hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Results: Three hundred and twenty-nine women responded to the survey. Half of the respondents (n = 165) had high knowledge level scores on cervical cancer screening. The cervical cancer screening rate was 28.3%. Utilization of screening was associated with knowledge (P = 0.000, r = -0.392) and selected demographic factors (P = 0.000). Individual barriers included poor knowledge on availability of screening services, community barriers included living in a rural area, and health provider and systems barriers included lack of awareness campaigns, negative attitudes of healthcare providers toward clients, and long waiting times; all barriers limit the access to screening services. Conclusion: A low rate of cervical cancer screening was identified for women attending selected district hospitals in Kigali-Rwanda due to various barriers. On-going education on cervical cancer and its screening is highly recommended. It is important that trained health providers encourage their clients to have cervical cancer screening and work to reduce related barriers.

A NEW ASSESSMENT OF HOCS-ORIENTED LEARNING FOR STUDENTS’ HIGHER-ORDER THINKING ABILITIES BY MARZANO’S TAXONOMY

This research focuses on students’ higher-order cognitive skill (HOCS)-oriented learning to construct effective hierarchical thinking abilities in their chemical particulate nature of matter. For in-depth knowledge and profound understanding, this research deals with students’ positive developments towards HOCS with a special guidance to Marzanos’ taxonomy. The methodology starts from the retrieval and comprehension of HOCS-centered assessment instrument to students’ analysis and knowledge utilization of transitional performances. 326 participants were assigned to take natural science curriculum in 2019 academic year. With the help of 7 scholars’ implements, the importance of content validity and inter-rate reliability were constructed through instrument developments of students’ HOCS performances. All research results indicated that more distributions of HOCS thinking abilities reached up to the target response of 38.0% analysis task and 27.30% knowledge utilization in Marzanos’ spectrum. This research is beneficial and advantageous that students will be capable of additional learning efficiency in their multiple interactive engagements with academic resources and suggestions from instructors, researchers, and science educators. Key words: HOCS-oriented learning, knowledge utilization, Marzanos’ taxonomy, particulate nature of matter

Knowledge sharing as a give-and-take practice: the role of the knowledge receiver in the knowledge-sharing process

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate whether openness to receive and openness to share knowledge drive employees to share knowledge with colleagues in the workplace. The authors also investigate what, if any, influence knowledge sharing has on performance at both individual and work unit levels. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 237 employees from eight banks in Kuwait. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to test the hypotheses. Findings The knowledge receiver’s openness to receive and openness to share knowledge influence the provider’s knowledge-sharing behavior. The latter positively affects the provider’s job performance and the work unit’s innovation performance. Furthermore, knowledge utilization strengthens knowledge sharing’s positive effect on work unit innovation. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study are industry and country specific and, therefore, would likely not be applicable to other settings. Thus, similar future research targeting different industries and/or countries is warranted. As a cross-sectional study, this research can also benefit from subsequent longitudinal studies. Practical implications Organizations should create a culture conducive to sharing knowledge. For example, managers should assure employees that knowledge shared with coworkers will be well received and utilized, remove barriers to new knowledge utilization and create awareness among employees that sharing knowledge benefits knowledge providers as well as knowledge providers. Originality/value The authors provide evidence of how the knowledge receiver’s openness to receive and to share knowledge affect the provider’s knowledge sharing. The authors also provide insights into how knowledge sharing drives job performance and innovation.

MANAJAMEN PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA PERPUSTAKAAN

This study aims to determine the effect of knowledge management which includes aspects of knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, and knowledge utilization on the performance of library staff either partially or simultaneously. The method used in this research uses a quantitative approach with this type of explanatory survey research. As for the so-called type of survey explanatory research is research that does not only describe or describe a phenomenon but also aims to provide an explanation of the phenomenon. Meanwhile, the population in this determination were employees of the Binus LKC Jakarta library. With the sampling technique using a simple random sample. Regarding the theory used in this study is the knowledge-based view theory from Grant, while for measuring knowledge management using the concept of knowledge management from Shujahat and performance measurement using the concept of performance from Mangkunegara. The data collection technique was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to Binus LKC employees, interviews with library managers, observations about library management activities at Binus LKC and through library studies. Based on the research results, it shows that knowledge management has a significant effect on the performance of librarians by 68%. Meanwhile, partially, the aspects of knowledge creation and aspects of knowledge sharing have a significant influence on the performance of library staff. However, the knowledge utilization aspect partially does not have a significant effect on the performance of library staff.Keyword: knowledge management; library staff; performance ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh knowledge management yang meliputi aspek knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, dan knowledge utilization terhadap kinerja tenaga perpustakaan baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatori survey. Adapun yang disebut dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatori survey adalah penelitian yang tidak hanya sekedar menggambarkan atau mendeskripsikan suatu fenomena namun juga bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang fenomena tersebut. Sedangkan yang menjadi populasi dalam penetian ini adalah para karyawan perpustakan Binus LKC Jakarta. Dengan Teknik pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan jenis sampel acak sederhana. Mengenai teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori knowledge based-view dari Grant sedangkan untuk pengukuran knowledge management menggunakan konsep knowledge management dari Shujahat dan serta pengukuran kinerja menggunakan konsep kinerja dari Mangkunegara. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket yang disebarkan pada para karyawan Binus LKC, wawancara dengan pengelola perpustakaan, observasi mengenai kegiatan penyelenggaraan perpustakaan di Binus LKC serta melalui studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pengetahuan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada kinerja tenaga perpustakaan sebesar 68%. Sedangkan secara parsial aspek knowledge creation dan aspek knowledge sharing memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja tenaga perpustakaan. Namun untuk aspek knowledge utilization secara parsial tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja tenaga perpustakaan.

Faultlines and Team Creativity: The Moderating Role of Leaders’ Cognitive Reappraisal

Informational diversity is perceived as the key to improving team creativity. However, alignment along multiple informational diversity attributes, known as information-based faultlines, can both provide diverse knowledge and form subgroup bias. The key to reaping the benefits of information-based faultlines is to understand how to utilize the diversified knowledge and, meanwhile, reduce subgroup bias. This study aims to examine how team leaders’ cognitive reappraisal can play a such role. Based on data from 68 teams, we found that (1) information-based faultlines had a positive effect on knowledge utilization when team leaders’ cognitive reappraisal was high, (2) knowledge utilization had a positive effect on team creativity, and (3) team leaders’ cognitive reappraisal moderated the indirect relationship between information-based faultlines and team creativity through knowledge utilization.

Networks, knowledge, and knowledge workers’ mobility: evidence from the National Basketball Association

Purpose Building on network theory, this study aims to examine how network resources and network knowledge utilization influence mobility within networks of knowledge workers. Specifically, it examines how the availability of resources in a network and knowledge utilization, in a period impacts the structure of the focal network in the following period. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data from the National Basketball Association to depict the mobility of knowledge workers in a network. Because of the nature of the dependent variable, the study used a conditional fixed-effects quasi-maximum-likelihood Poisson regression as an analytical methodology. Findings The study finds that network resources are partially significant in predicting knowledge workers’ mobility and that knowledge utilization of networks of knowledge workers in one period negatively affects networks’ structure in the following period. Originality/value The study advances our understanding of the knowledge workers’ mobility phenomenon by examining network-level factors that influence the mobility of knowledge workers. It addresses the issue from a different theoretical perspective that is rarely used in studies of knowledge workers, which mostly draw from the traditional human resource literature. Additionally, it contributes to the emerging literature of network dynamics by studying factors that affect network changes. The study also responds to the calls that advocate using sports data to examine organizational phenomena.