Blockchain and Green Networking Analytics in 5G Networks and Beyond

The objective of green networking is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the same level of performance. Green networking refers to all processes used to optimize networking and inter-networking functions to make it more energy efficient. Green networking concepts can be extended to cover any method that reduces latency, save bandwidth, and/or decrease computation time, as a reduction in these factors invariably leads to power savings. These savings can directly translate into lowering greenhouse gas emissions and reduce computing's carbon footprint and its impact on the environment. Energy-awareness is critical in the networking infrastructure, especially in wireless 5G networks and beyond. Research on blockchain for 5G wireless networks is still in its infancy. But it is obvious that blockchain will significantly uplift the shape and experience of future mobile applications and services. Identifying the green networking analytics will lead to sustainable energy policy planning for the future.

ISSUES OF INTEGRATION INTO THE GREEN ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

In recent years, the developed countries of the world are building their policies to ensure more sustainable development. The main goal of sustainable development, which is a model of economic development, is to ensure that available resources are used for human needs while protecting the environment. Thus, when using these resources, not only the current situation, but also the potential needs of future generations must be considered. Given the demand for energy and energy resources in modern times, we can see how important a sustainable energy policy is. Keywords: green economy, sustainable development, green policy.

Adversarial Energy Disaggregation

Energy disaggregation, also known as non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM), challenges the problem of separating the whole-home electricity usage into appliance-specific individual consumptions, which is a typical application of data analysis. NILM aims to help households understand how the energy is used and consequently tell them how to effectively manage the energy, thus allowing energy efficiency, which is considered as one of the twin pillars of sustainable energy policy (i.e., energy efficiency and renewable energy). Although NILM is unidentifiable, it is widely believed that the NILM problem can be addressed by data science. Most of the existing approaches address the energy disaggregation problem by conventional techniques such as sparse coding, non-negative matrix factorization, and the hidden Markov model. Recent advances reveal that deep neural networks (DNNs) can get favorable performance for NILM since DNNs can inherently learn the discriminative signatures of the different appliances. In this article, we propose a novel method named adversarial energy disaggregation based on DNNs. We introduce the idea of adversarial learning into NILM, which is new for the energy disaggregation task. Our method trains a generator and multiple discriminators via an adversarial fashion. The proposed method not only learns shared representations for different appliances but captures the specific multimode structures of each appliance. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets verify that our method can achieve new state-of-the-art performance.

Pragmatic model for sustainable energy policy: Networking between the government and key players in Bahrain

To fill the current literature gap, this paper strives to empirically determine the networking process between the government of Bahrain and the key players in the formulation and implementation of sustainable energy policy. The literature review divulges that policy network approach represents a useful tool for the analysis of public policy, since this approach permits a thorough explanation of the interaction between the network’s members. A questionnaire was distributed to key decision-makers involved in the elaboration of sustainable energy policy in Bahrain. The results of this paper revealed that the government of Bahrain has adopted successful policies of sustainable energy in reaching the intended results. Nevertheless, the current structure of networking might be described as a “Clientelist Network”. This paper proposed a pragmatic model for sustainable energy policy to reinforce the networking process between the government and the key players into a rational approach of “Pluralistic networks”. In this network, formal associations have to be established to embrace the industry, energy and environmental sectors. Accordingly, this type of networking will ensure direct and strong frequent ties. Also, this pluralistic network will provide further comparative advantages in terms of the power of control over resources and the flow of information among all key actors.

Employee Green Behaviour in Ghanaian Public Sector Organisations

This chapter explores the role of employees' green behaviour in public sector organisations in Ghana. The enactment of the Renewable Energy Technologies Act by Ghana's legislative body in 2012 has drawn considerable attention to the essence of embarking on a sustainable energy policy agenda. Public sector employees have been tasked by the government to be prudent in conserving energy in all its organisations. A qualitative research approach was adopted. A semi-structured interview was employed to examine how employees' routine activities considered green behaviour in the performance of their tasks at the workplace. Purposeful sampling was adopted in choosing 16 employees within selected public sector organisations. The data analysis revealed two seminal themes, which resulted in three key conclusions. Organisational policies such as replacing old office equipment with new energy-saving equipment to conserve energy are essential. Second, annual training on employee green behaviour has a long-term impact on creating environmentally conscious employees.

Cooperation Strategies Towards Sustainability in Insular Territories

Nowadays, the high environmental sensitivity and economic constraints, as well as future prospects for development, require a strong sustainable energy policy. Such policies should be based on the local resource valorization – which gains more emphasis in ultra-peripheral territories as the case of the Madeira and Canary Archipelagos. In fact, renewable energy sources become more competitive from the economic point of view – however, with high environmental and social benefits in both Archipelagos. Thus, the local policies of Porto Santo Island will be inspired on the neighbor archipelago (Canary Islands), more specifically in the El Hierro Island – which is one of the worldwide leaders in sustainability issues. Contextually, the work enables a view through the cooperation perspective, highlighting sustainability strategies in Porto Santo Island (Madeira, Portugal) and El Hierro Island (Canary, Spain). Therefore, it will address diverse forms of energy production through natural resources with influence on spatial planning.