Delay Factor Analysis for Indian HAM Highway Construction Projects

Government has approved the hybrid annuity model (HAM) for building National Highways (NH) to speed up the construction of roads in the country by renewing interest of private developers in highway projects. 40% the Project Cost is to be provided by the Government as Construction Support during the construction period and the balance 60% as annuity payments over the operations period along with interest thereon to the concessionaire. Execution of hybrid annuity model (HAM) projects, which is the preferred mode of awarding by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), is largely on schedule with about 60% of projects, covering 3,200 km of roads, completed on time. The rest of the projects, however, are delayed largely due to various reasons. In order to identify and analysis of delay causes in highway projects of HAM model, this study provides a questionnaire survey-based study. Land acquisition delay is found as the most severe delay cause of highway projects of HAM model. Waste of time in controlling the traffic is found as the least severe delay cause of highway projects of HAM model. The study is supposed as useful to HAM construction managers for delay analysis of highway projects. Keywords: Hybrid annuity model, Highway projects, Delay analysis, Questionnaire survey.

Stakeholders’ Insight on the Delay of Constructions Projects in the Makkah Region- KSA

Aims: This study aims to identify the major causes of delays in construction projects in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. It investigates the opinions of different stakeholders separately to ensure partiality and objectivity. Background: Saudi Arabia's construction industry is experiencing rapid expansion, with no shortage of contracts in any sector, either from housing or utilities to transport infrastructure. Public spending is driving the contracting industry forward [Oxford]. The construction industry contributed between 30% to 40% of the non-oil productive sectors at the end of each National Development Plan from 1980 to 2000. Makkah receives around two million pilgrims during the annual Hajj and more than 20 million visitors for performing Umrah (Al-Emad). Substantial public funds have been spent on construction projects to develop Makkah during recent years. Real estate, infrastructure, hospitals, and retail sectors are among those most likely to benefit. Most of these projects suffered delays and their consequences. The Saudi Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MOMRA) and the Ministry of Transportation acknowledged public construction project delays. They reported that approximately 75% of them exceeded their scheduled time. This is one of the main reasons to conduct this study. Methods: In this study, a comprehensive questionnaire has been developed, consisting of seventy-three causes of delay. The questionnaire was organized in the form of an importance scale. Respondents were asked to indicate their responses by ticking a column of the impact and frequency of each of the causes and construction delay in terms of 5 = very important, 4 = important, 3 = somewhat important, 2 = less important, and 1 = not important. A hundred fifty questionnaires were distributed by hand to the contractor, the consultant, and the owner in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Ninety-seven forms were filled, received, and processed. The survey data were grouped into eight significant categories: owner, consultant designer, supervisor, contractor, material, labor, site, and external factors. A ninth group is left for the participants to add whatever they think of furtherer causes of delay. Results: The evaluation of the three separate surveys conducted on the responses of the owner, the contractors, and the consultant supervisor, show that the contractor is mainly responsible for the delay. Around 47% of the top ten delay factors fall in the contractor delay factors followed by laborers and owners. Three categories have not been mentioned in the top ten as delay category, including supervisors, materials, and external factors. Only one delay factor was found to be shared among the three-survey group, which is related to the labor category, that is, low productivity of labor. Conclusion: Three separate surveys have been conducted to investigate the delay in the construction industry in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. The surveys contain a questionnaire of seventy-three possible delay factors investigating the opinions of the three main stakeholders in the construction industry: the owners, the contractors, and the consultants. The evaluation of the survey impacts shows that the contractor is mainly responsible for the delay, followed by laborers and then the owners. One common delay factor was found among the three surveyed groups related to the labor category; that is, low productivity of labor. In frequency, the contractor category also occupied the highest percentage of the total delay contributors. Another common delay factor was found among the three surveyed groups, also related to the contractor category, that being the lack of risk evaluation by the contractor.

Thermo-Optical Mechanical Waves in a Rotating Solid Semiconductor Sphere Using the Improved Green–Naghdi III Model

The current study investigates thermophotovoltaic interactions using a new mathematical model of thermoelasticity established on a modification of the Green–Naghdi model of type III (GN-III). The basic equations, in which the heat transfer is in the form of the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation, are derived by adding a single delay factor to the GN-III model. The impact of temperature and electrical elastic displacement of semiconductors throughout the excited thermoelectric mechanism can be studied theoretically using this model. The proposed model was used to investigate the interactions between the processes of thermoelastic plasma in a rotating semiconductor solid sphere that was subjected to a thermal shock and crossed to an externally applied magnetic field. The influence of rotation parameters on various photothermal characteristics of silicon solid was presented and explored using the Laplace technique.

Optimasi Business Process Improvement Berbantuan Metode FLASH dengan Integrasi API Trello

The emergence of the COVID-19 case has a major impact on all sectors. At this critical time, customer satisfaction can be done by optimizing the use of resources by implementing BPI. The BPI method will conduct a review regarding the resources owned and will be adjusted to the current conditions. BPI is closely related to changes in project management. One of the optimal methods used in project management is FLASH, where the project duration will be in the form of a more flexible time interval. In this research, the system also uses Trello as a project management application. The purpose of this research is to design a scheme for calculating the duration of the project, as well as mapping project management from the data tasks that are owned using the FLASH method. System testing on the fuzzy system algorithm is implemented on the AOA network. Based on the calculation on the test object carried out, the probability of completing the project on time is 76%. This amount is obtained from the average delay factor for each task. With these values, scheduling using the FLASH method obtained the fastest duration is 19 days and the latest is 30 days.

An Improved VLSI Design of 16 Bit Data Comparator using Bubble Sorting Algorithm

Comparator is an important arithmetic component on a digital circuit. Here the major goal of this project is to design a data comparator, which gives the sparing solution for sorting the data on the basis of power, area, and speed. Sorting is one of the problems in computer engineering/science. In computing system or/and communication systems, many important processes require the sorting of data. Here, the proposed work comprises the design of 16 Bit Comparator with Bubble sorting algorithm. This proposed comparator design is targeted for 6slx4tqg144-3 using Xilin ISE compiler tool by verilog model. The bubble sort algorthm also referred to the sinking sort algorithm. By this process, based on the adjancy pair of data, this will swap/interchange their positions/location. Here the proposed system is also design the 16 Bit Magnitude comparator for reducing delay factor of the system and the comparator design uses behavioural style for reducing the power factor. The overall system design optimizes the area by reducing the number of unwanted LUT block in the design. Since this proposed system gives the better result as compared to the conventional method by getting the result of power, area, and delay. The overall design is compiled through Xilinx 14.5 software and it is simulated by Modelsim tool.

Temperature Prediction of Photovoltaic Panels Based on Support Vector Machine with Pigeon-Inspired Optimization

The output stability of the photovoltaic (PV) system is directly affected by temperature change of PV panels. In this paper, a novel temperature prediction method of PV panels with support vector machine (SVM) is proposed, which can solve the temperature prediction problem in a complex environment. In order to optimize parameters of SVM, a Pigeon-Inspired Optimization (PIO) method is given. Meanwhile, the delay factor (DF) is added to improve the PIO algorithm for avoiding the problem of local optimum. Moreover, a multisensor monitoring system of PV is established, and the collected data of temperature are used to train and verify the accuracy of the model. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated using synthetic and actual data sets. Simulation results show that the DFPIO-SVM can obtain better predictive performance.

LIF Neuron with Hypo-exponential Distributed Delay: Emergence of Unimodal, Bimodal, Multimodal ISI Distribution with Long Tail

Background: Distributed Delay Framework (DDF) has suggested a mechanism to incorporate the delay factor in the evolution of the membrane potential of a neuron model in terms of distributed delay kernel functions. Incorporation of delay in neural networks provide comparatively more efficient output. Depending on the parameter of investigation, there exist a number of choices of delay kernel function for a neuron model. Objective: We investigate the Leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model in DDF with hypoexponential delay kernel. LIF neuron with hypo-exponential distributed delay (LIFH) model is capable to regenerate almost all possible empirically observed spiking patterns. Methods: In this article, we perform the detailed analytical and simulation based study of the LIFH model. We compute the explicit expressions for the membrane potential and its first two moment viz. mean and variance, in analytical study. Temporal information processing functionality of the LIFH model is investigated during simulation based study. Results: We find that the LIFH model is capable to reproduce unimodal, bimodal and multimodal inter-spike- interval distributions which are qualitatively similar with the experimentally observed ISI distributions. Conclusion: We also notice the neurotransmitter imbalance situation, where a noisy neuron exhibits long tail behavior in aforementioned ISI distributions which can be characterized by power law behavior.