EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL LEAF EXTRACT OF CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata L) ON FEED ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the effectiveness of the addition of ciplukan leaf extract (Physalis angulata L.) on feed to the growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research method uses a Complete RandomIzed Design (RAL). This study consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replays, so 12 experimental units were used. Dose treatment on P0 (feed without the addition of ciplukan leaf extract), P1 (Feed added ciplukan leaf extract with a dose of 4%), P2 (Feed added ciplukan leaf extract with a dose of 8%), and P3 (Feed added ciplukan leaf extract with a dose of 12%). This dosage treatment is based on Effendi &Hardi research (2014) with dose treatment of 4%, 8%, and 12% per 1kg of feed. the addition of ciplukan leaf extract with a concentration of 8% in feed provides absolute weight growth of (37.39±20.33), survival rate of (83.33±0.9 8), daily growth rate (1.25±0.60), and feed utilization efficiency of (4.67±0.58) and tend to be higher than other treatments.

Different Levels Of Addition Of Salinity To Survival, Growth And Conversion-Efficiency Feed’s Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

<em>Tilapia is one of the consumption fish commodities that was very popular with the public. The development of tilapia aquaculture was growing rapidly, especially saline tilapia. The high potential of saline tilapia development causes the demand for fingerlings to increase. This research aimed to determine the best dose of salinity increase in the effort to adapt freshwater tilapia to saline tilapia. In addition, it also observed survival, growth and feed efficiency. The method used was experimental method with completely randomized design and data were analyzed using SPSS16 and Tukey's test. The research treatments included the levels of addition of salinity by 1 ‰/day, 2 ‰/day, 3/day and 4 ‰/day. The difference in salinity had a significant effect on Survival Rate (SR), Growth Rate (GR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Feed Utilization Efficiency (FUE). The best treatment in this research was the addition of salinity of 1 ‰/day with SR of 96%, GR of 35.1 g / t, SGR 1.22% w / day, FCR of 1.04 and FUE of 96%.</em>

Dietary supplementation of betain to improve the growth and feed utilization in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) juvenile

Betaine plays some important roles in feed utilization and fish metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the growth performance and feed utilizationin hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). A completely randomized experimental design with four dietary levels of betaine, i.e.0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% in quadruplicate was done.Hybrid grouper juvenile obtained from Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center, Situbondo, with an initial body length and body weight of 5.89 ± 0.05 cm and 2.86 ± 0.09 g, respectively was used as the tested animal. The fish was maintained in 60 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm aquaria with 75 L working capacity with individual recirculating system with a fish density of 15 fish/aquarium for 50 days. Experimental diet was provided to apparent satiation twice a day. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary betaine at a level of 0.5% resulted in higher feed utilization efficiency, protein and methionine retentions, and growth performance and lower ammonia excretion than those of the control (P<0.05). Higher antioxidative status was indicated by the lower malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of fish fed with betaine supplemented diets at levels of 1 - 2%. In conclusion, betaine supplementation of 0.5% could increase feed utilization efficiency and growth performance of hybdrid grouper. Keywods: Betaine, Hybrid Grouper, Growth Performance, Feed, Antioxidative Status ABSTRAK Betain memegang beberapa peranan penting dalam pemanfaatan pakan dan metabolisme pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi betain pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan pakan pada juvenil ikan kerapu hybrid cantang (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan pakan dengan tingkat suplementasi betain yang berbeda, yaitu 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, dan 2.0% dengan empat ulangan. Juvenil ikan kerapu cantang yang berasal dari Balai Pengembangan Budidaya Laut Situbondo dengan panjang dan bobot awal masing-masing 5.89 ± 0.05 cm and 2.86 ± 0.09 g digunakan sebagai hewan uji dalam penelitian ini. Ikan dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 60 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm dengan kapasitas 75L yang dilengkapi dengan sistem resirkulasi individu dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium selama 50 hari. Pakan uji diberikan hingga sekenyangnya dua kali sehari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi betain sebanyak 0.5% menghasilkan pemanfaatan pakan, retensi protein, retensi metionina, kinerja pertumbuhan dan ekskresi ammonia yang lebih baik daripada kontrol (P<0.05). Status antioksidasi yang lebih juga yang ditunjukkan dengan lebih rendahnya konsentrasi malondialdehid (MDA) pada hati ikan yang diberi pakan dengan suplementasi 1-2% betain. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi betain sebanyak 0.5% dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan kerapu cantang.

Intestinal microbiota and functional characteristics of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)

Purpose Black soldier fly transforms organic waste into insect protein and fat, which makes it valuable for ecological utilization. This process is associated with the intestinal microbiota. This research was developed to determine the type and functional characteristics of intestinal microbiota present in black soldier fly larvae. Methods In this research, metagenomics has been used to study black soldier fly larvae gut bacteria, which involves the high abundance of the gut microbe advantage bacterium group, the impact, and the physiological functions of the microbiota. Furthermore, intestinal bacteria and their related functions were investigated by bioinformatics analysis to evaluate potential microbial strains that may be used to improve feed utilization efficiency in factory farming. Result The results showed that black soldier fly larvae’s intestine contains more than 11,000 bacteria. The high relative abundance of group W (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder) may promote feed utilization efficiency, whereas high relative abundance of group T microbiota (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder supplemented with 1% tetracycline) may play an important role in black soldier fly larvae survival. Conclusion The gut bacteria in black soldier fly larvae were involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, translation, membrane transport, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, extracellular structures, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and coenzyme transport physiological processes. The 35 significant differential microbes in group W may have a positive impact on feed utilization and physiological process.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING GRADED LEVELS OF ALTERNATIVE LOCALLY PRODUCED NATURAL VITAMIN PREMIX ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS

One hundred and twenty (120) Harco laying hens were randomly allocated to diets containing graded levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) of locally produced Natural vitamin premix (LPNVP) with the sole objective of its assessing influence on the laying performance of the hens. Feed intake, percentage Hen-day production (HDP), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), egg weight (EW), egg specific gravity (ESG), egg shell thickness (EST), Haugh unit (HU) and estimated gross profit. (EGP) were not influenced (P < 0.05) by the type of premix used (synthetic or natural). Inclusion of LPNVP in layers’ feed at dietary levels 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% resulted in better egg quality and estimated economic returns than observed in birds fed with the diet containing reference synthetic vitamin premix (SVP)

PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN HIDUP IKAN NILA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG WORI (Ormocarpum cochinchinense) FERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN

Tanaman wori merupakan salah satu tanaman kelompok fabaceace yang tumbuh melimpah di Sangihe dan sangat potensial digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber pakan ikan. Kadar protein daun wori adalah 25,53% sehingga berpotensi menjadi protein nabati bagi ikan. Kendala utama yang ditemui ketika memanfaatkan daun tanaman wori adalah kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi yaitu 48,51% sehingga dapat mempengaruhi proses pencernaan ikan, penyerapan nutrisi yang berujung pada rendahnya pertumbuhan ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung daun wori femerntasi terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan sintasan hidup ikan nila. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang dilakukan terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan yaitu kadar tepung daun wori tanpa fermentasi A (kontrol) 10%, kemudian B tepung daun wori fermentasi (10%), dan C tepung daun wori fermentasi (20%). Laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan efisiensi pakan diuji menggunakan ANOVA sedangkan sintasan hidup akan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penambahan tepung wori fermenasi dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesfik ikan nila dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan C yaitu SGR 1,94%/hari. Sementara itu, untuk semua perlakuan nilai sintasan hidup sebesar 100%. The wori plant is one of the plants of the fabaceace group that grows abundantly in Sangihe and has potential to be used as a source of fish feed. The protein content of wori leaves is 25.53%, so it has the potential to become vegetable protein for fish. The main obstacle encountered when utilizing wori plant leaves is the high carbohydrate content of 48.51% so that it can affect the digestion process of fish, nutrient absorption which lead to low fish growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of wori femerntation leaf meal on the specific growth rate and survival of tilapia. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of three treatments and three replications, namely the content of fermented wori leaf powder, A (control) 10%, then B fermented wori leaf powder (10%), and C fermented wori leaf powder (20%). Specific growth rate and feed efficiency were tested using ANOVA, while survival rate was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the addition of fermented wori powder in the feed can increase the value of the specific growth rate of tilapia and feed utilization efficiency with the highest value in treatment C, namely SGR 1.94% / day. Meanwhile, for all treatments the survival rate was 100%.

Intestinal Microbiota and Functional Characteristics of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens)

Purpose: Black soldier fly transforms organic waste into insect protein and fat, which makes it valuable to ecological utilization. This process is associated with intestinal microbiota. This research was developed to determine the type and functional characteristics of intestinal microbiota present in black soldier fly larvae.Methods: In this research, metagenomics has been used to study black soldier fly larvae gut bacteria, which involves the high abundance of the gut microbes advantage bacterium group, the impact, and physiological functions of the microbiota. Furthermore, intestinal bacteria and their related functions were investigated by bioinformatics analysis to evaluate potential the microbial strains that may be used to improve feed utilization efficiency in factory farming.Result: The results showed that black soldier fly larvae´ intestine contains more than 11,000 bacteria. High relative abundance of group W (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder) may promote feed utilization efficiency, whereas high relative abundance of group T microbiota (larvae fed with 75% wheat bran and 25% soybean powder supplemented with 1% tetracycline) may play an important role in black soldier fly larvae survival.Conclusion: The gut bacteria in black soldier fly larvae were involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, translation, membrane transport, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, extracellular structures, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and coenzyme transport physiological processes. The 35 significant differential microbes in group W may have a positive impact in feed utilization and physiological process.

Effects of graded levels of iron-fortified locally produced natural vitamin premix on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers

A feeding trial was conducted using broilers to determine the optimum inclusion levels of locally produced natural vitamin premix (LPNVP) and compare the performance to a commercial vitamin mineral premix(CVMP) commonly sold within Nigeria. Feed intake, weight gain and feed utilization efficiency varied (P<0.05) among the various dietary treatments considered. Feed utilization efficiency and weight gain were inversely related to feed intake for birds fed LPNVP-based diets and these measurements were lower (P<0.05) than values observed for birds fed CVMP based diets. Nutrient retentions were also not influenced (P>0.05) by the various inclusion levels of LPNVP studied, although these criteria were also significantly lower for birds fed LPNVP-based diets compared with birds fed CWMP-based diets. Although, dressing percentage was not affected (P>0.05) by the dietary levels, relative fresh organs and primal cut weights were different (P<0.05) for birds fed the various levels of LPNVP and the control birds fed CVMP-based diets. It was however cheaper (P<0.05) to use LPNVP than CVMP as a source of vitamin for broilers.

Comparison of total nutrient recovery in aquaponics and conventional aquaculture systems

Introduction More eco-friendly aquaculture technology is required to reduce environmental pollution which has become a major issue in aquaculture industries in the last few decades. Aquaponics system is a culture technology to solve this waste issue. Thus, this study aimed at comparing growth performances, feed utilization efficiency, and nutrient recovery in aquaponics and conventional aquaculture system. Materials and methods Twenty-four juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) weighing 1.12 ± 0.1 g were cultured in either aquaponics systems or conventional aquaculture systems for 30 days. Each system had three culture systems as replicates. The fish were fed the same amount with a commercial pellet three times a day. Results The result showed that the Nile tilapia reared in the aquaponics system had a significantly higher specific growth rate than that of fish reared in the conventional system, 7.5 and 6.3% BW/day, respectively. Similarly, the feed utilization efficiency of fish reared in the aquaponics was also significantly better than that of fish in the conventional system. Furthermore, the total biomass harvested from the aquaponics system was nearly eight times higher than the total biomass harvested from the conventional system. Conclusion Growth, feed utilization efficiency, and total nutrient recovery in terms of biomass were higher in the aquaponics system. These results suggest that aquaponics is not only an eco-friendly aquaculture system, but also could produce more biomass than a conventional aquaculture system, and therefore, could be scaled up in a commercial scale.