Green corrosion inhibitor: Cymbopogon schoenanthus extract in an acid cleaning solution for aluminum brass

The purpose of this study was to see if Cymbopogon schoenanthus aerial extract (CSA extract) could reduce the corrosion of aluminum brass in acid cleaning solutions in the distillation plant. For this assessment, measurements of weight loss and polarization technique have all been used. We discovered that at 250 ppm, the efficiency of CSA extract was excellent (97%). Polarization assessments confirmed that the organic compounds in CSA extract were effective mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. HPLC and FTIR analysis were used to explore the key chemical components of CSA extract. CSA extract caused the corrosion process to have a higher energy barrier. Observations of SEM and FT-IR spectra confirmed that CSA extract prevents corrosion attacks at the aluminum brass’s surface.

Fungal Contamination of Some Medicinal Plant Materials Sold at Omdurman Local Market, Khartoum State, Central Sudan

Plants have long been used as herbal medicines in many countries. However, microbial contamination of these medicines may affect human health. In the present study fifteen medicinal plants namely, Acacia nilotica ssp. nilotica, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Nigella sativa, Hyphaene thebaica, Nauclea latifola, Cyperus rotundus, Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp, proximus, Artemisia herba-alb, Cassia acutifolia, Solenostemma argel, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus spina-christi, Lepidium sativum, Foeniculum vulgare and Coriandrum sativum were evaluated for their fungal contamination. The pour plate method was used to cultivate serially diluted portions of the medicinal plant material investigated. The colonies of fungi were identified morphologically according to form and pigment. They were observed microscopically through Lactophenol cotton bluestaining. The identified fungal isolates were consist of three fungal species, the most dominant fungi were Aspergillus nigar and Aspergillus flavus. Penicillium ssp is least one. The total fungal counts ranged from 00x101 cfu/g (Cymbopogon schoenanthus spp.proximus, Trigonella foenum-greacum, Artemisia herba alb, Lepidium satinum , Nigella sativa Cassia acutifolia and Naucle latifola) to 11x105cfu/g (Cyperus rotundus).. The highest total fungal load was found in Cyperus rotundus The levels of contamination varied greatly between the commercially available plant samples investigated.

Therapeutic potential of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) developed into nanoparticle technology

Introduction: One of plants that may have therapeutic potential is the Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng, also known as camel grass. Aim: This review aims to investigate and gather comprehensive information about camel grass plants and their potential to be developed into a nanotechnology drug delivery system. Methods: This review examined a variety of online literature. Results: It was found that camel grass contains essential oil such as piperitone. Piperitone is efficacious as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, in addition to other properties . The development of camel grass essential oil into lipid-based nanotechnology preparations can improve its bioavailability, solubility, and stability, thereby improving its potential effectiveness.

Ethnobotanical Survey among the Nubian and South Eastern Tribes of Egypt

This survey was conducted on 4 tribes (Ababda, Bisharia, Nubian and Rashayda) live in the south of the Nile and the Eastern Desert of Egypt with the aim to document and compare the traditional herbal medicines and assess the relationships among these tribes. A total of 180 interviews were conducted with the Bedouins and herb healers. Thirty-nine species belonged to 36 genera and 27 families were employed. Fabaceae and Poaceae and Rutaceae were the species-rich families. The used wild species comprised 43.6%, cultivated species (38.5%) and the imported from herbalist shops (17.9%). The leaves were the most used parts (31%), followed by stems and fruits with about 22% each. Distinct species included Acacia nilotica is used in the treatment of dental pain with use value 33.3%, Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus in treatment of both cough or headache with use values 35 and 30.6% and a combination of Acacia nilotica with Lawsonia inermis in the treatment of sore throat with use value 22.2%. The highest similarity was recorded between Nubian and Rashayda tribes (55.3%), Ababda and Bisharia (46.8%). Diarrhea and headache were the most popular diseases with 7 different treatments, cough and dental pains with 6 treatments.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterizes Metabolic Differences in Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Subsp. Proximus Embryogenic and Organogenic Calli and their Regenerated Shoots

Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus is a threatened wild grass well known for its folk medicine uses and possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. In this study, the metabolite differences between embryogenic and organogenic calli have been characterized. Changes in the metabolome of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis have been studied by comparing the metabolites of morphogenic calli with their respective regenerated shoots. Based on 1H and HSQC NMR data of the polar extracts, a total of 51 metabolites have been identified. Statistical analyses were performed to visualize the pattern of metabolites distribution among the studied groups. Glycolate present in organogenic calli, but not in organogenic calli. Some metabolites like glucose-6-phosphate, 4-aminobutyrate and arginine showed elevated concentrations in embryogenic calli than organogenic calli. While sucrose and myo-inositol up regulated in organogenic calli than embryogenic calli. Metabolites that marked embryogenic shoots from embryogenic calli have been described. Quantitatively, embryogenic shoots showed higher concentrations of sucrose, some amino acids, and trigonelline compared with embryogenic calli. In contrast, glucose, fructose, and arginine accumulated in embryogenic calli more than in embryogenic shoots. Likewise, metabolites characterized organogenic shoots from organogenic calli have been identified. Sucrose, several amino acids and trigonelline were detected in higher concentrations in organogenic shoots than in organogenic calli while monosaccharides and arginine accumulated in organogenic calli than in organogenic shoots. This study represents a first step towards understanding the metabolic activity of calli and shoots regenerated through different morphogenetic pathways.

Agronomic Responses of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng., a Sudanese Forage Grass Grown under Compost for a Bio-Ecological Pasture in the Southern Benin

Promoting ecological and organic agriculture (including livestock) requires biological resources and alternatives. Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a sudano-sahelian grass species whose crude leaf essential oils, in addition to their antifungal, antimicrobial, antibacterial and acridifuge or acridicide properties, can be an alternative to chemical insecticides in preventing pests and diseases that limit crops productivities. This study tests the agronomic performances of Cymbopogon schoenanthus grown under three doses of compost. Stumps collected from the Park W of Niger were transplanted to the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of University of Abomey-Calavi in the Southern Benin. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with treatments (0 ton per hectare (i.e., control), 5 tons per hectare and 10 tons per hectare of compost) in four replicates. Plants responses to the compost application throughout traits such as heights, number of tillers per plant, number of flowering tillers and dry aerial biomass production, were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA using STATISTICA 9.0. The results show significant responses of the aerial organs of C. schoenanthus to organic fertilization (p<0.05) with the best performance under 5 tons of compost per hectare: height growth in magnitude of 12.72%, number of tillers multiplied in 146.06% and aerial dry biomass in 178.32%. However, fertilization did not influence flowers appearance. Further studies are required for assessing foliar, nutritional quality and essential oil responses to the compost application in order to sustainably promote small ruminants’ organic production.

Citral-Containing Essential Oils as Potential Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Bio-Guided Fractionation Approach

Excessive melanin production causes serious dermatological conditions as well as minor aesthetic problems (i.e., freckles and solar lentigo). The downregulation of tyrosinase is a widespread approach for the treatment of such disorders, and plant extracts have often proven to be valuable sources of tyrosinase inhibitors. Citral (a mixture of neral and geranial) is an important fragrance ingredient that has shown anti-tyrosinase potential. It is highly concentrated in the essential oils (EOs) of Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng., Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., Melissa officinalis L., and Verbena officinalis L. However, only L. cubeba EO has been investigated for use as a potential skin-whitening agent. This work evaluates the in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity of these EOs and studies, using bio-assay oriented fractionation, whether their differing chemical compositions influence the overall EO inhibitory activities via possible synergistic, additive, and/or competitive interactions between EOs components. The inhibitory activity of C. schoenanthus EO and that of M. officinalis EOs, with negligible (+)-citronellal amounts, were in-line with their citral content. On the other hand, L. cubeba and V. officinalis EOs inhibited tyrosinase to considerably greater extents as they contained β-myrcene, which contributed to the overall EO activities. Similar observations were made for M. officinalis EO, which bears high (+)-citronellal content which increased citral activity.