scholarly journals Agronomic Responses of Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. Spreng., a Sudanese Forage Grass Grown under Compost for a Bio-Ecological Pasture in the Southern Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Ezéchiel J-P. A. Mensah ◽  
Valentin Kindomihou ◽  
Silvère Tovignan ◽  
Aliou Saïdou ◽  
Davo Simplice Vodouhè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Cymbopogon Schoenanthus ◽  
Southern Benin

Promoting ecological and organic agriculture (including livestock) requires biological resources and alternatives. Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a sudano-sahelian grass species whose crude leaf essential oils, in addition to their antifungal, antimicrobial, antibacterial and acridifuge or acridicide properties, can be an alternative to chemical insecticides in preventing pests and diseases that limit crops productivities. This study tests the agronomic performances of Cymbopogon schoenanthus grown under three doses of compost. Stumps collected from the Park W of Niger were transplanted to the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of University of Abomey-Calavi in the Southern Benin. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with treatments (0 ton per hectare (i.e., control), 5 tons per hectare and 10 tons per hectare of compost) in four replicates. Plants responses to the compost application throughout traits such as heights, number of tillers per plant, number of flowering tillers and dry aerial biomass production, were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA using STATISTICA 9.0. The results show significant responses of the aerial organs of C. schoenanthus to organic fertilization (p<0.05) with the best performance under 5 tons of compost per hectare: height growth in magnitude of 12.72%, number of tillers multiplied in 146.06% and aerial dry biomass in 178.32%. However, fertilization did not influence flowers appearance. Further studies are required for assessing foliar, nutritional quality and essential oil responses to the compost application in order to sustainably promote small ruminants’ organic production.

scholarly journals Prevalence and zoonotic aspects of small ruminant mange in the lateritic and waterlogged zones, southern Benin

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahidou Salifou ◽  
Sabbas Attindéhou ◽  
Chakirath Folakè Arikè Salifou ◽  
Louis-Joseph Pangui
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
West African ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Very High ◽  
Southern Benin

An epidemiological survey was undertaken from March to September 2010 to assess the prevalence and zoonotic aspects of scabies in small ruminants in two agro-ecological zones in southern Benin. Small ruminant (n = 444) smallholders and 1,807 of their animals (1,233 West African dwarf goats and 574 West African dwarf sheep) were included in the study. The animals underwent physical examination and, when scabies-like lesions were found, crusts and integument scrapings were collected for microscopic parasitological tests. The samples collected in each survey were coded in accordance with the owner-animal pairings in order to assess the degree of correlation between mange cases in humans (smallholders) and their animals. The overall prevalence of scabies was 28.33% and 9.5% in animals and smallholders (human cases) respectively. Infestations were significantly (p < 0.001) more frequent in goats (39.6%) than in sheep. The uniqueness of the etiological agent (Sarcoptes scabiei), the very high predictive value of human scabies in infected farms (83.67%) and a very high odds ratio (OR = 2,019.25) indicate that small ruminant scabies has been transmitted to smallholders by their animals. Close contact between these smallholders and their animals was a determining factor in this interspecies communicability of sarcoptic mange.

scholarly journals Production of chili pepper under organic fertilization and irrigation with treated wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Viviane F. Silva ◽  
Carlos V. C. Bezerra ◽  
Elka C. S. Nascimento ◽  
Tricia N. F. Ferreira ◽  
Vera L. A. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Chili Peppers ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT With the occurrence of prolonged droughts in the Brazilian semi-arid region, water scarcity directly influences agriculture in this region, so that water reuse and bovine manure application become a viable alternative for pepper production. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the sustainable production of chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens) under levels of irrigation with treated wastewater and doses of bovine manure. The following bovine manure doses were considered: D1 (0% manure and 100% soil), D2 (10% manure and 90% soil), D3 (20% manure and 80% soil), D4 (30% manure and 70% soil), D5 (40% manure and 60% soil) and D6 (50% manure and 50% soil), based on volume. Three levels of irrigation were applied, based on the water requirement of the crop (WR), namely: 100% WR (L1), 75% WR (L2) and 50% WR (L3). Production variables and physical characteristics of the produced peppers were evaluated. Pepper production (g plant-1) increased as 10% of bovine manure were added in substrate composition. Increasing concentration of bovine manure and using 50% WR provided favorable conditions for the organic production of chili pepper.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN BABADOTAN (Ageratum conyzoides L) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA KUTU DAUN PADA TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frustescent L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Wijaya ◽  
Saripah Ulpah ◽  
Mardaleni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the use of Ageratum by planting among the main plants of cayenne pepper as an effort to control aphids. The design used in this study is the One-way Anova Design (one-lane design), which is planting Ageratum on a chili plant plot combined with ageratum with various densities consisting of 7 experimental treatments, namely: A = Without Ageratum., B = Two clumps / plot, C = Four clumps / plot, D = Six clumps / plot, E = Eight clumps / plot, F = Ten clumps / plot, G = Twelve clumps / plot. Each experimental unit contained 4 chili plants and 2 plants were sampled, making a total of 112 plants and a total of 336 Ageratum plants. The results showed that the planting of Ageratum conyzoides influenced plant height, flowering age, harvest age and fruit weight per plant. The best treatment results in treatments without planting Ageratum (A).The aphids population decreases with the increasing population of Ageratum per plot. planting Ageratum affects the number of pests of each species and the percentage of cayenne pepper affected by the virus is getting lower with increasing population Ageratum per plot. The treatment of Ageratum plants on cayenne pepper plants can control pests and diseases but reduce production. Keywords: Babadotan, Aphids, Cayenne pepper

scholarly journals Strategies for Weed Suppression and Improving Soil Fertility during Transition to Organic Vegetable Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wedryk ◽  
Joel Felix ◽  
Doug Doohan ◽  
John Cardina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Transition Strategy ◽  
Transition Strategies ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Density And Biomass

Farmers view weed management and the risk of lower yields as barriers to transition from conventional to organic agriculture. The 3 years of transition before organic certification can be used to implement strategies to suppress weeds and improve soil fertility. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of five organic transition strategies on soil quality, weed suppression, and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the first year of organic production. The transition strategies included a tilled fallow, nontreated weedy, high diversity prairie mixture, smother crops, and vegetable rotation. Subplots with and without compost application were also included. Transition strategies affected weed density and biomass in the first organic year with the prairie strategy being the most suppressive of monocotyledonous weeds before potato. Compost application increased plant available nutrients and soil organic matter (OM). The quantity of plant available phosphorus was greatest in the fallow transition strategy (55 mg·kg−1) when compost was applied, while percent soil OM was highest in the prairie (3.2%) and nontreated (3.1%) strategies in comparison with the other strategies. Compost application increased yields of potato and tomato with transition strategy affecting the number and weight of cull potato tubers. The selection of transition strategies before conversion to organic agriculture affected weed pressure, soil quality, and crop production in the first certified organic year.

scholarly journals Poultry litter and fresh mulch of Elephant grass improve the organic potato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Yagi ◽  
Nilceu Ricetti Xavier de Nazareno ◽  
Jackson Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Production System ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Marketable Potato

ABSTRACT The organic production system for potato is usually limited by the occurrence of diseases and nutrient shortage. In these cases, fresh grass mulch and organic fertilization can interact in the foliar late blight infestation and increase the yield and quality of marketable potato tubers, in the organic production system. Aiming to validate this hypothesis, four poultry litter doses (0 Mg ha-1, 10 Mg ha-1, 20 Mg ha-1 and 30 Mg ha-1), which were incorporated into the soil at the pre-planting stage of organic grown potato combined with the presence and absence of fresh mulch (60 Mg ha-1) composed of chopped Elephant grass, were tested. The incorporation of poultry litter into the soil at the pre-planting of potato or the use of fresh grass mulch after the potato hilling inhibits the late blight infestation on leaves, in the organic system. The application of fresh grass mulch after the hilling operation enhances the effect of organic fertilization at the pre-planting of potatoes. The pre-planting application of poultry litter increases the yield and decreases the specific gravities of marketable potato tubers in association with fresh grass mulch. The use of poultry litter at pre-planting and fresh grass mulch improve the sustainable potato cropping in the organic production system.

scholarly journals Goji Berry Gall Mite Expansion in Europe, with Emphasis on Southeastern Part of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Roxana CICEOI ◽  
Vasilica LUCHIAN ◽  
Andrei Florin TABACU ◽  
Minodora GUTUE ◽  
Mala Maria STAVRESCU-BEDIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Goji Berry ◽  
Gall Mite ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
And Control

In Europe, the goji crop is expanding rapidly, to satisfy the increased market demand for functional foods, with effects in chronic diseases treatment (cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, etc.). Romania has become in recent years one of the most important growers of goji berry, especially for organic production, as the species was quite resistant to main pests and diseases. Still, in 2008, a non-indigenous species of Eriophyid mites, called Aceria kuko, was identified on goji plants in UK and spread rapidly throughout the EU. The plant protection institutions took eradication measures, however the pest continued to spread in new plantations and recently on spontaneous plants. Based on GBIF, iNaturalist, personal observations and communication, the paper presents the current distribution of goji berry gall mite in Europe and in Romania and also suggests the use of new citizen science tool - ProtectGoji maps, that aims both to increase awareness of goji producers and consumers about this pest and to geolocate the species expansion in Romania for a better containment and control strategy.

191 The effect of high and low doses of follicle-stimulating hormone on embryo collection in Romanov sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
B. Carwell ◽  
D. Carwell ◽  
J. Hubbard ◽  
D. Stuerman
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Total Dosage ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The use of embryo transfer in small ruminants has served as a way of increasing superior female genetics. This technique, although not new, has been adopted by an increasing number of breeders over the past few years. The Romanov sheep breed is considered a natural litter-bearing breed compared with other small ruminant species, which generally have only 1 or 2 offspring during a natural parturition. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of FSH dosage on embryo production and collection in Romanov sheep. Sheep donors (n=12), with an average age of 2±1.4 years and an average body weight of 43±6.7kg, were randomly assigned to either a high (175mg) or low (140mg) dosage treatment of FSH during the breeding season. Hormone injections were given in a decreasing dosage twice daily over a period of 5 days. Donors were naturally cycling before being subjected to a CIDR-G protocol for a period of 15 days, with hormone injections beginning on Day 11. Donors were mated with rams (n=2) of known fertility for a total of 3 hand matings. After the third hand mating, the ram was turned into the breeding pen with the ewes. Embryos were collected 7 days after breeding and evaluated for transfer. A one-way ANOVA was utilised to analyse statistical differences between groups with significance set at (0.05). Results are given as mean±s.e.m. Only embryos of quality grades 1 and 2 were transferred during this study. No differences were detected between the 2 groups for total embryos collected between both high (7.6±6) and low (6.6±5) FSH groups. Furthermore, no differences were detected between both high and low FSH groups for the number of embryos transferred (5.6±5 and 6.3±4, respectively). The results of this study suggest that a lower total dosage (140mg) of FSH can be used in superovulation programs of Romanov ewes without affecting the total number of embryos collected and transferred. However, further investigation should be performed with various levels of FSH to determine the most accurate dosage for Romanov sheep.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kerapatan Pohon dan Pemupukan Nitrogen terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Rumput di Bawah Tegakan Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb. Havil.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Panca Dewi Manohara Karti
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Production Forests ◽  
The Republic

Samama (Anthocephalus marcophyllus Roxb.Havil) is a tree with a canopy like a large umbrella so that if planted at any distance it will not affect the shape of the stem (Halawane et al. 2011). This type can flourish in tropical forests with an altitude of 50-1000 mdpl. This is including native Indonesian plants that have the potential to be developed in the development of plantation forests and for other purposes, such as reclamation of ex-mining land, reforestation and shade trees (Mansur and Tuheteru 2010). This is because samama can grow on various types of soil, do not have serious pests and diseases (Pratiwi 2003). In accordance with the permit for the implementation of silvopatura activities in production forest areas which are explained in full in the regulations of the Ministery of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No. P.14/Menlhk-11/2015 concerning procedures for granting business licenses for the utilization of silvopastura areas in production forests with the aim of ensuring sustainable forest management by applying the principles of good governance. In the framework of sustainable production forest management to support food sovereignty programs. Provision of sufficient light space, fertilize and selection of tolerant grass species under stands are the key to the success of silvopastura. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the density of trees with 2 tree/plot with light intensity in the morning was 70.48% and 95.29% during the day. Addition of nitrogen to grass is not needed if the soil used has good fertility. Pennisetum purpureum Cv. Mott has the best tolerance under the same stand as a source of cut grass (intensive retention) and Stenotaphrum secundatum a coarse, hardly perennial grass in the management of silvopastura extensive. Key words: silvopasture, density of tree, shade, samama

scholarly journals Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SALONEN ◽  
T. HYVÖNEN ◽  
H. JALLI
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Cropping Practices ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Crop Stand

The composition of the weed flora of dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) fields and cropping practices were investigated in southwestern Finland. Surveys were done in 2002–2003 in 119 conventionally cropped fields and 64 fields under organic cropping. Herbicides were applied to 92% of conventionally cropped fields where they provided relatively good control but were costly. Weeds were controlled mechanically only in five fields under organic production. A total of 76 weed species were recorded, of which 29 exceeded the 10% frequency level of occurrence. The average number of weed species per field was 10 under conventional cropping and 18 under organic cropping. The most frequent weed species in both cropping practices were Chenopodium album, Stellaria media and Viola arvensis. Elymus repens was the most frequent grass species. The difference in species composition under conventional and organic cropping was detected with Redundancy Analysis. Under conventional cropping, features of crop stand and weed control explained 38.7% and 37.6% of the variation respectively. Under organic cropping the age of crop stand and field location (y co-ordinate) respectively explained best the variation. Weeds could be efficiently managed with herbicides under conventional cropping, but they represented a significant problem for organic production. Mixed cultivation of pea with cereals is recommended, particularly for organic cropping, as it favours crop competition against weeds.;

scholarly journals Fifty years of white clover research in New Zealand

1989 ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Brock ◽  
J.R. Caradus ◽  
M.J.M. Hay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

The importance of white clover in New Zealand pastoral agriculture cannot be overstated. It is the major source of nitrogen and by its presence improves pasture quality and balances seasonal growth of grass species. Because of its importance a considerable effort has been put into research on white clover over the past 50 years in New Zealand. This assay reviews the major advances made in white clover use and research from an historical perspective and summarises current understanding and possible future developments. Keywords: white clover, review, history, soil fertility, N cycling, N fixation, nutrition. growth, population structure, management, performance, breeding, pests and diseases, quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document