Chloritis caseus (Pfeiffer, 1860): a newly recorded species for the fauna of Vietnam (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Camaenidae)

The genus Chloritis H. Beck, 1837 comprises 160 species in the world and is restricted to South-east Asia with numerous species having usually small distributional ranges. There were eight Chloritis species discovered in Vietnam. Specimens of Chloritis caseus (Pfeiffer, 1860) have been found in Dak Lak Province as a new record for the fauna of Vietnam, thus so far, there is a total of nine species of the genus Chloritis reveated for terrestrial molluscs of Vietnam. Chloritis caseus has some the following characters as: shell medium, dextral, yellowish-brown in colour; shell rather flat with slightly elevated spire; body whorl keeled, somewhat shouldered due to slight depression from ventrolateral direction; whorls 4½, convex, separated by impressively deep suture; approximately quarter of the last whorl turns obliquely downwards, so the aperture is directed toward umbilicus; aperture rounded, peristome expanded, reflexed and thickened; parietal callus present only; umbilicus open.

Determination of Optimum Protein and Energy Levels for Broiler Chicks in the Tropics

THREE experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different protein levels (17, 20, 23 and 26%) and energy levels (2800, 3000 and 3200 KCals/Kg diet) on the performance of broiler chicks in the tropics. Maximum weight gains and efficiency of feed conversion were obtained on the rations containing 23 or 26% protein. As the dietary energy level increased, there was a slight depression in weight gain. The best performance of chicks was obtained on the rations containing 2800 KCals/Kg diet. Feed intake was observed to be inversely related to energy content, although in most cases not significantly so at each protein and energy series. Generally birds were observed to meet their energy requirements. From these studies, a protein level of 23 or 26% and energy level of 2800 or 3000 K Cal/Kg diet may be tentatively recommended for a tropical country like Nigeria.

Comprehending the Intense of Trauma from Anuradha Roy's: the Folded Earth

Life is a mixture of happiness and sadness. As a day and night comprise for a better living of creatures; life is made up of joy and grief. No road is without ups and downs; similarly, life is shaped with peace and horror. Anything consumed beyond the limit makes the creature to fall sick immaterial of whether it's hygienic or less contaminated. Here, the author cites a young aged widow suffering out of trauma after her loveable husband’s demise. She forgoes her caring parents, a luxurious comforting life for her love. She left behind all the worldly needs as she was entangled with a passion for love. She couldn’t trace and get an answer about whether her husband loved her as much as she loved him. Her married life didn’t last long. Even though she was at twenty-four, the deceased news of her husband put an end to her life. This paper aims to provide evidence of a widow’s traumatic experiences. In general, widows majorly struggle out of various factors such as anxiety, depression and suicidal. In this paper, our protagonist suffers with anxiety and slight depression.

Decision-Making Capacity Among Elderly People: A Mapping of Health Professionals’ and Laypeople’s Views

The views of laypeople and professionals (nurses, occupational therapists, psychologists, and physicians) on the capacity to make informed decisions of elderly people with depression or dementia were examined. Participants were presented with vignettes created by varying the levels of three factors: (a) the type of decision (e.g., agreeing to surgery), (b) the health problem (e.g., slight depression), and (c) the availability of social support. Through cluster analysis, four different positions were found. Seventeen percent of the participants considered that even persons suffering from slight depression were already quite incapacitated. In contrast, 24% considered that only elderly people suffering from moderate or severe dementia were impaired. The majority of participants (59%) expressed positions that can be considered as pragmatic. Level of impairment was viewed as a function of severity of illness or type of illness. No significant differences were found between health professional and laypeople.

Four new species of the genus Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from India

Four new species of soil-inhabiting nematodes belonging to the genus Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 are described and illustrated from India. Mesodorylaimus khasianus n. sp. is characterized by having body length 1.05–1.14 mm in females and 0.94–1.09 mm in males; lip region offset by a slight constriction; odontostyle 10–12 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva; presence of an additional pair of sclerotized pieces at vagina; tail long with rounded terminus; and males with simple dorylaimoid spicules 32–34 µ m long, and seven to eleven regularly spaced ventromedian supplements. Mesodorylaimus noreasus n. sp. is characterized by having body length 1.65–1.74 mm in females and 1.42–1.61 mm in males; lip region truncate, offset by slight depression; odontostyle 14–16 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva, elongate attenuated tail with rounded terminus and males with simple dorylaimoid spicules 42–43 µm long, nine regularly spaced ventromedian supplements and short conoid tail with rounded terminus. Mesodorylaimus spicatus n. sp. is characterized by having body length 0.81–1.14 mm in females and 0.86–1.1 mm in males; lip region offset by slight depression; odontostyle 10.0–12.5 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva, small spicate tail with rounded terminus and males with simple dorylaimoid spicules 28–33 µm long, seven to nine regularly spaced ventromedian supplements and short conoid tail with rounded terminus. Mesodorylaimus bomdillaensis n. sp. is characterized by having body length 0.73–0.81 mm; lip region offset by slight depression; “double” guiding ring; odontostyle 10 µm long; pharyngeal expansion gradual; transverse vulva; thin, long tongue-like structure at intestine-prerectum junction and tail long filiform with pointed terminus.

Rhinodorylaimus kazirangus gen. n., sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae) from Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India

Rhinodorylaimus kazirangus gen. n., sp. n. is described and illustrated from Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India. The new genus is characterised by the truncate, slightly elevated, lip region offset by a slight depression, strongly sclerotised, massive odontostyle with prominently furcate base, 'double' guiding ring; odontophore simple with slight thickening at its base; amphidelphic female genital system, pore-like vulva, tail long filiform in female and short conoid in males, dorylaimoid spicules and 18-21 contiguous ventromedian supplements. The new genus closely resembles Pachydorylaimus Siddiqi, 1983 but distinctly differs from it in having sexual dimorphism in tail shape, the nature of its odontophore, the characteristic arrangement of the pharyngeal gland nuclei and the number and arrangement of the ventromedian supplements.

Some changes of psychologic status of patients having multipled sclerosis

There are psychologic status of patients having multipled sclerosis research results. 30 patients were involved in the research, among them there were 18 (60%) female and 12 (40%) male ones at the age between 20 and 60. Patient examination was realized by means of the Spielberger, Maudsley and Zung methods. As a result of research there are patient's psychological state changes. 66% of patients have these changes in the form of high-grade uneasiness, 50% — in the form of rigidity and introversion, 83% have depressing disorders in the form of slight depression and subdepression.These findings expand our conception about psychological mechanisms of dissociated personality patients with multipled sclerosis have, and need various multimodal approaches for their psychological correction.

New and known species of Dorylaimidae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Arunachal Pradesh, India

Four new and six known species of dorylaim nematodes belonging to the family Dorylaimidae are described and reported from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Laimydorus vulvastriatus sp. n. is characterised by the 1.5-1.8 mm long body; lip region truncate, offset by weak depression; 35-38 μm long odontostyle; longitudinal vulva; advulval cuticular ornamentation; elongate, attenuated, female tail 5.0-6.8 anal body diam. long, and males with 11 contiguous ventromedian supplements with prerectum terminating within the range of the supplements. Laimydorus cardiacus sp. n. is characterised by the 1.8-2.16 mm long body; lip region truncate, offset by slight depression; 34.0-34.5 μm long odontostyle; longitudinal vulva; female tail dorsally hooked, 9-11 anal body diam. long, and males with 12 contiguous ventromedian supplements and prerectum terminating beyond the range of the supplements. Prodorylaimus bomdillaensis sp. n. is characterised by the 1.0-1.3 mm long body; lip region truncate, offset by slight depression; 25.0-26.5 μm long odontostyle; odontophore shorter than odontostyle; exceptionally long cardia; longitudinal vulva, and long, filiform tail. Prodorylaimus baldus sp. n. is characterised by the 1.62-1.75 mm long body; lip region with amalgamated lips and offset by slight depression; 14.5-16.5 μm long odontostyle; pore-like vulva; characteristic shape of pars refringens vaginae; female tail filiform, whip-like, 16.0-16.8 anal body diam. long; male with nine contiguous ventromedian supplements and prerectum terminating within the range of the supplements. Ischiodorylaimus paraugandanus, Mesodorylaimus chamoliensis, Amphidorylaimus flagellicauda, Thornenema baldum, T. mauritianum and Opisthodorylaimus cavalcantii are reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh.