Quality and methods of adulteration of meat and fish products on the Polish market in 2010-2020

Background. Globalisation is the direct or indirect source and cause of many economic, social, political and cultural processes and phenomena. These processes also affect agribusiness and food production. One of the important developments in recent decades is the ever-increasing scale of food adulteration. Its consequence is a reduction in the level of food safety, both in its health and economic aspects. The latter is due to the presence of impaired, or even adulterated, food on the market, which exposes consumers to non-equivalent exchanges. Sectors particularly vulnerable to these illegal trade practices include meat and fish products. Objective. The aim of the article is to identify the dominating methods/categories of food adulteration using the example of the Polish market for the food production sectors of meat and fish. Material and methods. The research was conducted using data from the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection (AFQI), the official food control institution responsible for quality and food adulteration controls in Poland. The study covered the period from 2010 to 2020. Results. Research has shown an exceptionally significant level and diversity of methods of adulterating meat and fish products. These products are adulterate much more often than other food products. The conducted research has shown many methods and ways of adulterating both meat and fish products. It is worth emphasizing that the greater concentration of counterfeiting methods concerns meat products. The study revealed an extremely significant variety of adulterating methods for meat and fish products, significantly beyond those typically cited in the literature. Conclusions. The results of the research indicate the need to intensify official food controls on the Polish market. In particular, this should apply to the group of meat and fish products due to their high level of adulteration.

The Carbon Footprint Estimation based on Campus Activities in ITERA (Institut Teknologi Sumatera)

ITERA (Institut Teknologi Sumatera) is one of young university situated in Lampung Province, Indonesia. In 2018, the average population of campus (students, faculties, and staff) was about 9584 persons. The objective of this paper is to inventory Green House Gasses (GHGs) and then to calculate carbon footprint using equation by UI Greenmetric Guideline 2018 except for fuel and LPG consumption, paper use, and organic waste generation by using GHGs Protocol. Three scopes of GHGs emission were used to classify based on both direct and indirect source(s). The first scope was presented by LPG consumption and fuel consumption of campus’s car. Electricity consumption became scope 2 while the scope 3 involved paper use, organic waste generation including food waste and Yard trimmings, and transportation activities of both motorcycles and cars. The estimated GHGs emission was about 2846.541 metric ton CO2eq during 2018-2019 (one year) with the portion of each scope resulting 10.2%, 62%, and 28.2%, respectively. Electricity usage was being the highest contributor of carbon footprint. The inventory of GHGs will help top management of campus to evaluate and determine some strategies for minimization, reduction, and mitigation notably in electricity sector by some strategies such as substituting electric devices into eco-friendly products, applying energy management ISO 50001, and others.

Panthers in Russian and Old Russian

This paper discusses the etymology of the Russian word пантера ‘panther’ and its other variants in Old Russian and Russian. The Greek word πάνθηρis a direct or indirect source of all of the investigated forms, but several other languages (Old Church Slavonic, German, French) are involved in the borrowing process as media. The solutions proposed in the article are based on extended method inventory, which includes both traditional methods of historical linguistics and some new proposals connected with extralinguistic factors (Wörter und Sachen method).

The Idea of Justice in Historiosophy of Antiquity

The article asks a question about the influence of historiosophy on how the notion of justice is understood in Greek and Roman philosophy of law. Historiosophy, named also the philosophy of history, has been defined as an effort to explain general history in categories of sense and aim by proving that there is a general rule leading the historical process. In the course of the discussion there are two such historiosophical rules presented. Chronologically, the first of them is Homeric Moirai, which throughout the development of the Greek philosophy has been replaced by a notion of providence. Moirai was the rule of destiny controlling destinies of both men and gods. In this approach, justice was understood as a certain “share” or “allocation”, seen as a role given to each person who needed to play it in history. The same content element was included in the notion of providence. In the philosophy of stoics providence was the ordering force that created nature and at the same time constituted an indirect source of justice and law.

Antifungal Activity of Topical Formulation Containing Artemisia Herba Alba Asso Essential Oil

Given the increase in antibiotic resistance phenomena and the undesirable effects of synthetic drugs. Medicinal plants are used as a direct or indirect source of the active ingredients. Our research constitutes a development of essential oils from Artemisia herba alba Asso cultivated in the Mascara region. A hydrophobic ointment has been formulated based on this essential oil and tested against five strains of Candida albicans. Several physicochemical and microbiological tests were used to verify the quality and the toxicity of the product. Then, the determination of the antifungal activity of this preparation was assessed against five strains of Candida albicans (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) by the disk-diffusion agar method. The results revealed that this preparation was devoid of total aerobic germs, yeasts and molds. However, the pH value was found equal to 5.98. In addition, the irritation primary index was marked less than 0.5. The ointment was powerful against S1, S3, S4 and S5 strains with inhibition diameters ranging from 16± 4 mm to 23 ± 2 mm. The Nystatin ointment was observed active against strains S2, S4 and S5 with diameters of the zones of inhibition; 21 ± 2 mm, 21± 1 mm and 20 ± 3 mm respectively. The ointment formulated with essential oil from Artemisia herba alba asso has proven useful against candidiasis caused by Candida albicans species.

Environmental Damages Cause Due to Waste Produced by Two Wheeler Garages.

This project assesses the impact of waste generated from unauthorized garages and workshops on the environment and living being. Results also showed that a high percentage of environmental damage was due to waste generated by the auto industry and garages. Soil, water, noise and air were all being polluted. People living in the vicinity are at a great health risk. The project gives a rough idea which type of waste produce in unauthorized garages, to show the hazardous situation environmentally. The findings and policies recommended in this study in order to take the necessary precautions to bring down the levels of carcinogens in the unauthorized garages and work places.The bulbs which are been used contains specific materials like glass, metal etc. which causes harm to the environment as well as human health. This provision looks minor but as per the growing rate of vehicles it might cause a big difference. The material used to make vehicle bulbs contains toxicity. Proper provision should be done accordingly as per the type of the bulb. After completion of this project it will address the need of proper disposal system its advantages and disadvantages, issues related to direct and indirect source of land, air, and water pollution.

A theoretical study of the addition of CH2OO to hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide and its implications on SO3 formation in the atmosphere

The reaction of hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide with the simplest Criegee intermediate has been examined using quantum chemical methods with transition state theory. Results suggested that the reaction could be an indirect source of H2SO4 in atmosphere.

Spatial and temporal variation of the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Characiformes: Characidae) in streams of the Eastern Amazon

ABSTRACT Spatial and temporal variations in streams promote large fluctuations of resource availability, thus affecting the diet of fishes. We evaluated the effects of hydrological periods and stream order within periods on the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus. We analyzed 160 stomachs in eight streams ranging from 1st to 3rd order between dry and flood period. Sampled streams belonged to a well-preserved area in the Eastern Amazon. The flag tetra is omnivorous, with a tendency towards insectivory. During the dry period, the species exhibited a higher amount of autochthonous than allochthonous items. Fish consumed more allochthonous items in 1st and 2nd order streams in the dry period and in 1st and 3rd order streams in the flood period. These results reflect the interactions between temporal and longitudinal factors on resource availability and its influence on fish diet. This pattern is probably dependent on the extensive riparian vegetation as a direct and indirect source of food for stream fish.