Profiling Analysis of Volatile and Non-volatile Compounds in Vitis Vinifera Berries (cv. Chardonnay) and Spontaneous Bud Mutation

A novel clonal variety of Vitis vinifera was identified from “Chardonnay” using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and called “bud mutation. ” The metabolomic profiles in Chardonnay and bud mutation berries indicated essential differences in the expression of key genes in the pathways of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase (LOX-HPL). Bud mutation fruits also matured 10 days earlier than Chardonnay and have higher carotenoid, sugar, and acidic compound contents. Furthermore, the gene expression was examined in the biosynthetic pathways of two ripening-associated hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), which significantly increased in bud mutation compared with the Chardonnay fruit. The synthesis and metabolism of amino acids, terpenes, fatty acids, volatile components, and specialized metabolites significantly increased in bud mutation. Therefore, in comparison with Chardonnay, bud mutation is considered a highly aroma-producing grape variety for an improvement in the beverage industry.

PENGARUH PERENDAMAN AIR JERUK NIPIS TERHADAP KADAR FORMALIN DALAM IKAN ASIN TERI NASI

Background: The use of formalin as a preservative in salted fish is potentially harmful to the human body, for example in the salted anchovy. They are very popular for customers in Traditional Market of Yogyakarta. The acidic compound, like lime water, can reduce the concentration of formalin. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of immersion of lime water on formalin concentration in salted anchovy fish. Methods: A total of 25 samples from five traditional markets of Yogyakarta city were tested using formalin kit test. Positive samples were treated with immersion of lime water with some concentration; 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (v/v). Determination of formalin concentration was done by acidimetric method using 0.955N hydrochloride and methyl red indicator. Results: Concentration of formalin before treatment is 1,397%. The content of Formalin after the immersion treatment of lime water with concentration 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (v/v) for 60 minutes was 1.094; 1,015; 0.712; 0.426 and 0.283% (w/w). Conclusion: Based on the statistical test can be concluded that there is the influence of the concentration of immersion of lime water to formalin concentration in salted anchovy fish. The higher concentration of lime water can decrease formalin until 79.71%. Keywords: Acidimetric formalin, anchovy salted fish, lemon water, traditional market of Yogyakarta

PENGARUHPERENDAMAN AIR JERUK NIPIS TERHADAP KADAR FORMALIN DALAM IKAN ASIN TERI NASI

Background:The use of formalin as a preservative in salted fish is potentially harmful to the human body,for example in the salted anchovy. They are very popular for customers in Traditional Market of Yogyakarta.The acidic compound, like lime water, can reduce theconcentration of formalin.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of immersion of lime water on formalin concentration insalted anchovy fish.Methods:A total of 25 samples from five traditional markets of Yogyakarta city were tested using formalin kittest. Positive samples were treated with immersion of lime water with some concentration; 20, 40, 60, 80,and 100% (v/v). Determination of formalin concentration was done by acidimetric method using 0.955Nhydrochloride and methyl red indicator.Results:Concentration of formalin before treatment is 1,397%. The content of Formalin after the immersiontreatment of lime water with concentration 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (v/v) for 60 minutes was 1.094; 1,015;0.712; 0.426 and 0.283% (w/w).Conclusion:Based on the statistical test can be concluded that there is the influence of the concentration ofimmersion of lime water to formalin concentration in salted anchovy fish. The higher concentration of limewater can decrease formalin until 79.71%. Keywords:Acidimetric formalin,anchovy salted fish,lemon water,traditional market of Yogyakarta

Mixed Photocatalyst for Sustainable Concrete Construction

An innovative approach to the material science has demonstrated that photocatalytic activity may be conferred to cement-based construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, paints, etc. Photocatalyst is needed for a cleaner environment and a better quality of life that leads to thoughts of a more eco-compatable use of light. Addition of photocatalytic materials to the RC structure during its construction phase could reduce the corrosion problem of RC materials. This material hinders calcium oxide to form acidic compound. In this study, cement-based mixed photocatalytic material has been presented, which would adjustable with RC material for enhancing oxidization process and reducing corrosion problem.

TRANSFORMATION OF [1,2-3H] ALDOSTERONE IN THE FOETAL AND PLACENTAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE GUINEA PIG

ABSTRACT In vivo and in vitro transformation of labelled d-aldosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-4-pregnen-18-al) was studied in the foetal tissues and placenta of guinea pig (35–45 days of gestation). The principal metabolite found in all of these tissues was tetrahydroaldosterone (3α,18,21-trihydroxy-20-oxo-5β-pregnan-18-al). A large transformation into this metabolite was found in foetal liver (67–68 %) and in the placenta (69–82%). Incubation of [3H]- or [14C] aldosterone with the isolated placenta also showed a large conversion to the tetrahydroderivative suggesting that the reductase(s) of ring A of aldosterone is present in this tissue. Most of the unmetabolized aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone was found in the unconjugated fraction. Very little of the radioactive material was present in the polar steroids extracted with n-butanol. Aldosterone and tetrahydroaldosterone were liberated from this fraction after enzymatic hydrolysis (β-glucuronidase and sulphatase) or by solvolysis, suggesting that part of these conjugates is present in the foetal compartment as sulphate esters and glucuronides. Moreover, in this fraction a polar, unconjugated aldosterone metabolite with the characteristics of an acidic compound was detected.

A biologically active metabolite of retinoic acid from rat liver

1. Four major radioactive fractions have been isolated from the livers of vitamin A-deficient rats given [6,7-(14)C(2)]retinoic acid. 2. At least one of these was more potent than retinoic acid and approximately equal to retinol in the growth assay for vitamin A activity. 3. The biologically active material was chromatographically distinct from retinoic acid, retinol and retinal. 4. Alkaline hydrolysis of this material yielded an acidic compound containing all the radioactivity. 5. The methyl ester of the acidic product was unlike the methyl ester of retinoic acid in its chromatographic behaviour. 6. It is suggested that this metabolite may represent the active form of retinol in its growth-supporting role.

CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS: THE STARVATION BLOCK

Partial localization of the metabolic block in cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate by starved rat liver homogenates has been achieved. Experimental evidence indicates that this block is located in the biosynthetic pathway between β-hydroxy-β-methyl glutaric acid and squalene. Fractionation and comparative chromatographic examination of incubated homogenates from starved and normal rats failed to reveal any accumulation of an appreciably radioactive intermediate as a result of the blocked biosynthetic pathway in the starved animal. A strongly labelled acidic compound has been isolated in minute amounts from incubated homogenates of both starved and normal rats. This is readily incorporated into cholesterol by liver homogenates from normal, but not from starved rats. Its identity has as yet not been established.