Penetasan telur penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata) dengan kedalaman yang berbeda

This research was conducted from November 2018 until January 2019 which was held at the UPTD Conservation and Supervision of Marine Resources and Fisheries in West Sumatera, Pariaman City. The aim of the research is to know hatchling hawksbill sea turtle eggs based on nest depth. The method used in this study is a nonfactorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used were treatment A (with a depth of 30 cm incubation nest), treatment B (with a depth of incubation nest 40 cm), and Treatment C (with a depth of incubation nest 50 cm). The results of this study showed that hatching hawksbill eggs hatched very significantly, the best hatching percentage was in treatment A (30cm) with 78% hatching at 6:00 a.m. with hatching temperature range of 24-28oC, hatching pH of 6,6-6,8 and medium sized incubation sand with a size of 0.150 mm with a weight reaching 461 grams.Keywords: Hatching percentage, Hawksbill turtle, pH, Temperature

Impact of seasonal adult emergence period on reproductive performance of tasar silkmoth Antherea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae)

Influence of adult emergence period and prevailing weather parameters on reproductive biology of tasar silkmoth Antherea mylitta was studied under grainage (indoor) condition. There was a significant difference of fecundity was observed on different days of adult emergence. Maximum fecundity was observed on 10th day (219 eggs/female) during first grainage (diapause cocoons) while same has been observed on 13th day (224.30 eggs/female) of emergence during second grainage (nondiapause cocoons). With respect to hatching percentage, during first grainage maximum hatching was observed on 1st, 6th, 7th and 12th days of emergence (93.32, 90.14, 90.96 and 90.18 % respectively). In the case of second grainage maximum hatching was on 12th and 2nd day of emergence. Data on per cent egg retention during first grainage ranged between 6.46 to 29.25 % and it was between 6.49 to 14.39 % during second grainage. Retained eggs were unfertile and could observe less than 2 % of hatching across all the days of emergence in first and second grainage together. Despite of significant difference in the reproductive parameters it was not clear about which phase or days of seasonal emergence period yields better layings. Better reproductive performance was scattered randomly across the days of emergence and it also indicates that adult emergence period don’t have any influence over reproductive biology of A. mylitta. Prevailing temperature and relative humidity during emergence period found to have no major influence over fecundity, hatching percentage and egg retention.

Transgenerational Effects of Parental Diet on Offspring Development and Disease Resistance in Flies

The environmental conditions experienced by parents influence next generations, with the parental nutritional status playing an important role in shaping offspring phenotypes. Our understanding of transgenerational effects of parental diet on offspring pathogen resistance is, however, poorly documented. We manipulated the quality of parental diet (i.e., mother, father, or both) and measured effects on offspring development and survival after an immune challenge by septic infection. We used Bactrocera tryoni as host model infected with the pathogenic bacterium, Serratia marcescens. Our results showed no significant effect of maternal, or paternal, diet on offspring resistance. Interestingly, when the diet of both parents was manipulated, sons from parents fed either carbohydrate- or protein-biased diets had higher survival upon pathogen infection than sons from parents fed balanced diets. The quality of the parental diet had no effect on offspring developmental traits with the exception of egg hatching percentage which decreased when mothers were fed a protein-biased diet. Our results emphasised the complexity of nutritional transgenerational effects on offspring pathogen resistance and development.

In vitro evaluation of the acaricidal activity of propolis against cattle ticks

Propolis is a natural substance that is produced by bees and has been used since ancient times for its pharmacological properties. The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusis responsible for great economic losses by cattle breeding programs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of propolis extracts on engorged female ticks. The experiment was performed at the Uberaba IFTM. A completely randomized experimental design was used, including eight treatments and five replicates, with a total 40 experimental units, each consisting of 10 engorged females of homogeneous weight. The experimental units were immersed in alcoholic propolis extracts that were diluted with distilled water to the following concentrations: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%. A regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between propolis extract concentration and weight of eggs laid (WEL), hatching percentage (HP), and reproductive efficiency (RE). This demonstrates the viability of propolis as an alternative for the control of cattle ticks, with the 70% extract concentration being most efficientand most effective for controlling R. microplus under laboratory conditions.

Observations on impact of stunting on breeding performance of farmed rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Breeding performance of stunted rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) was compared with normally reared rohu. Randomly selected stunted and normal fishes were tagged and reared together in a single earthen pond for broodstock development. Both groups exhibited growth enhancement during the broodstock development period, though normal fishes were found larger in size than the stunted fishes, after the rearing period. Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of female fishes indicated a similar trend of ovary growth in both the groups. Breeding performances of the broodstocks were evaluated by induced breeding trials. Parameters such as absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, number of spawns produced and hatching percentage were significantly higher (p<0.05) (almost double) in normal fishes than the stunted fishes. The present results indicate that the stunting process (6 months) is having detrimental effect on the breeding performance of rohu and thus stunted fishes are not ideal for broodstock development.

Effects of Egg Size and Different Levels of Humidity during Incubation Period on the Embryonic Development, Hatching Percentage and Chicks Yield of Broiler Breeder

Background: This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of humidity and egg size on the hatchability, embryonic development and chicks yield in ROSS 308 broiler breeder flock. Methodology: The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 3×3 factorial arrangement. The treatments involved three levels of wet bulb humidity (°F WB) including 82, 82.5 and 83°F and three different egg sizes including small, medium or large. Results: The main effect of humidity level on the total and fertile hatchability (%) as well as the weight of one-day-old chicks were significant (P<0.05). Treatment with humidity of 82.5°F enhanced total and fertile hatchability, while humidity of 83°F increased one-day-old chick weight (P<0.05).A better total and fertile hatchability (%), fertility (%), chick yield (%) was observed in medium egg size group (P<0.05). However, the chick weight was greater in large egg size group (P<0.05). The lowest embryonic mortality was belong to medium egg size treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it was concluded that humidity of 82.5°F as well as the medium egg size showed a better impact on the incubation performance.

Study of Cysts Biometry and Hatching Percentage of the Brine Shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Sebkha of Sidi El Hani (Tunisia) According to Successive Generations

Artemia salina cysts harvested from the Sebkha of Sidi El Hani were hatched and cultivated in the laboratory. The obtained nauplii were acclimated at 90 ppt and fed with Dunaliella salina microalgae until the adult stage called generation 1 (G1) was reached. Ten couples were isolated and acclimated in the same conditions. Observations of the offspring lasted for a maximum of 60 days. Cysts obtained from G1 were collected and counted. Cyst diameter, chorion thickness and hatching percentage were established. Nauplii obtained from G1 were labelled G2. The third (G3) and the fourth (G4) generations were studied similarly. A significant variation of untreated cyst diameter between G1 (234.7±14.1 µm) and the subsequent generations, notably G3 (210.9±14 µm) were registered. Decapsulated cyst diameter delayed significantly from 218.5±12.8 (G1) to 190.8±10.1 (G3). The chorion thickness ranged between 8.1 (G1) and 10.5 (G2). Therefore, an interesting boost of untreated cysts hatching percentage was observed from 69±2.3% (G1) to 76±3.7% (G4). These results highlighted the variability of cyst diameter across successive generations, even cultivated under laboratory scale. An improvement of hatching quality was detected when environmental conditions became favorable.

COMPARATIVE TEST OF HUMAN CHRORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG), OVAPRIM, AND SPAWNPRIM BRAND HORMONES ON SANGKURIANG CATFISH ARTIFICIAL SPAWNING (Clarias sp.)

The results of spawning in sangkuriang catfish farming do not always go according to the expected results, as many eggs died before hatcing. Therefore, it is necessary to use spawning hormones which can improve egg quality in order to increase profits in cultivation. This research was aimed to determine the difference on success performance of sangkuriang catfish using HCG, Ovaprim, and Spawnprim. This research used a randomized block design (RAK) with 3 treatments i.e P1 (HCG 500 IU/kg), P2 (Ovaprim 0,5 ml/kg), P3 (Spawnprim 0,5 ml/kg) and 3 groups of repetition i.e K1 (spawning group day-1), K2 (spawning group day-2), and K3 (spawning group day-3). The results of this research showed that using Ovaprim hormone had the highest value than other treatments like on latent time 606±17,78 minutes, egg fertilization percentage 75±2,65%, and egg hatching percentage 69,33±5,69%. Then on egg fecundity and egg diameter showed no significant effect with other treatments.

Multiple paternity in the intertidal zone porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes Randall, 1840 (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) is a life-history strategy that increases fitness during heat stress

Multiple paternity is widespread across animal and plant taxa and can increase genetic diversity and enhance fitness, especially in unpredictable environments. A prior study of the intertidal zone porcelain crab, Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall, 1840), found that most females carried polyandrous broods. We tested the hypothesis that multiple paternity in P. cinctipes enhances fitness through increased average brood tolerance to temperature stress. Embryonic survival of split broods (N = 27) was measured under ambient conditions and following a single one-hour heat shock at 30 °C. Two microsatellite loci were used to genotype embryos and mothers in order to distinguish multiple from single paternity in each brood. Mean overall hatching percentage did not differ between singly and multiply sired broods; however, when exposed to a heat-shock, single-sired broods experienced 11% lower hatching success. Though relative fitness was higher in single-sired broods under non-stressful conditions, extrapolation of our results to conditions where temperatures are at least 30 °C (present-day extremes for the California coast) for &gt; 2 days of the embryonic brood period, multiply sired broods have a relative fitness that is approximately 24 times higher after 15 generations. Maternal quality (size) and the timing of the heat shock relative to developmental timing also influence the brood response to heat shock. Our results suggest that multiple paternity reduces embryo survival variance between ambient and heat-shock conditions and that polyandrous behavior could be an advantage for P. cinctipes in the thermally variable high-intertidal zone. We conclude that multiple paternity is an important strategy for increasing fitness by genetic diversification in organisms that experience severe and unpredictable levels of environmental stress.

Masculinization in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by androgen immersion: The interaction effect of hormone concentration and immersion time

Synthetic androgens (male hormones) administered to fish nursery are being used in aquaculture to avoid sexual differentiation and unwanted spawning at the eggs or the first feeding fry stage of fish. Present trial was conducted with the aim to produce male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by egg immersion technique. Through this little insight, the effect of different hormone concentrations (17α-methyltestosterone @ HC:150, 300, 450 and 600 µgl-1) with immersion times (IT: 24, 48 and 72 hrs) and their interaction effect (HC x IT) on the hatching percentage of Cyprinus carpio eggs, percent survival and percent of male’s production was evaluated specifically. Results showed that egg hatching percentage decreased with increased IT likewise, survival of treated fry was affected by increasing the IT (P<0.001). The main interaction effect of HC x IT showed that the highest percent of male individuals (95%) was obtained at 450-600 µgl-1 HC for 72 hrs IT, followed by 88-92.50% at 150-300 µgl-1 HC for 72-hrsof IT, 87.50% at 48-hrs of IT for rest of the hormone treatments, and lowest 47.50% was recorded in control (P<0.05). Increased percent male of Cyprinus carpio was obtained with increasing HC across all ITs. It was observed that the immersion treatment at 600µgl-1 for 72 hours was more effective to change the sex ratio of pre hatch Cyprinus carpio. A comparative outlook made from this experimental trial that sex induction of Cyprinus carpio by eggs immersion using synthetic male steroid hormone is an alternative safe technique of fish sex reversal in contrast to oral administration of hormone in fish feed.