central urals
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2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii Vorobeichik ◽  
Alexey Nesterkov ◽  
Elena Golovanova ◽  
Dina Nesterkova ◽  
Alexander Ermakov ◽  
...  

Since the late 1980s, long-term monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems in metal-contaminated areas has been carried out in the Central Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on soil macroinvertebrates in undisturbed areas as reference sites continues to be gathered. These data help study the local biodiversity and long-term dynamics of soil macroinvertebrate abundance in non-polluted areas. The dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/bf5bc7f6-71a3-4abd-8abc-861ee3cbf84a) includes information from a long-term monitoring programme for two taxa of Annelids, Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae, which dwell in the topsoil of spruce-fir, birch, pine and floodplain forests in the Central Urals. The dataset includes information on the earthworm community structure (list of species, species abundance, number of egg cocoons, cocoon exuvia, juveniles and adults) and enchytraeid abundance. The dataset consists of 553 sampling events (= samples, corresponding to upper and lower layers of the soil monoliths) and 12739 occurrences (earthworms, mainly identified to species and earthworm cocoons and enchytraeids, identified to family) collected during 1990–1991, 2004, 2014–2016 and 2018–2020. In total, 3305 individuals of earthworms were collected, representing ten (out of twelve) species and all eight genera recorded for the fauna of the Central Urals. In addition, 7292 earthworm egg cocoons and cocoon exuvia and 6926 individuals of enchytraeids were accumulated. The presence-absence data on each of the ten earthworm species, egg cocoons, cocoon exuvia and enchytraeids are provided for each sampling event. All data were collected in undisturbed non-polluted areas and are used as a local reference for ecotoxicological monitoring. The dataset provides valuable information for estimating the composition and abundance of earthworm communities in different habitats over a long time and contributes to the study of soil fauna biodiversity in the Urals.


2021 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Andrey Motov ◽  
Yury Malakh ◽  
Ilya Voropaev

Along with some gold-quartz deposits hosted by dunite-harzburgite massifs elsewhere in the Urals, elevated Ni concentrations were revealed within the ore field of the Anna gold-(sulfide)-quartz deposit localized in weathered oxidized dunites and harzburgites of the Pervomaisky complex (συO2p) in the Pervomaisko-Verkhoturie district of the Central Urals. The spatial association of Au and Ni concentrations in dunites-harzburgites may be attributed to a partial inheritance of Ni-controlling tectonic dislocations by those hosting gold mineralization. Therefore, the combination of halos of Ni and Au concentrations in dunite-harzburgite massifs is a favorable indicator of areas prospective for discovery of goldquartz mineralization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyona S. Tretyakova ◽  
Basil N. Yakimov ◽  
Pavel V. Kondratkov ◽  
Nickolay Yu. Grudanov ◽  
Marc W. Cadotte

Modern cities harbor a high diversity of plants, and urban floras are significantly different from non-urban floras especially when considering the proportion of alien species found in cities. However, it is not clear whether urban areas disproportionately select for species from relatively few evolutionary lineages or provide opportunities for species across the full spectrum of plant lineages. Here, we examined the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the floras in four cities (Yekaterinburg, Kamensk-Uralsky, Krasnoufimsk, and Turinsk) in the understudied region of Central Urals (Russian Federation). We classified native species into indigenous and apophytic species, namely, those that are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and those that have expanded their range with human activity, respectively. Alien species were classified into archaeophytes and neophytes according to when they were introduced (i.e., before or after than 1800). Phylogenetic diversity was quantified using Faith’s index to reflect total evolutionary history in urban areas and mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) to reflect species dissimilarity. Phylogenetic diversity of native species was higher than that for alien species, and the standardized effect size (SES) of MPD for natives was positive, reflecting their general dissimilarity from one another, while it was very negative for aliens, showing that they were phylogenetically clustered. However, among natives, apophytes were significantly clustered, while indigenous species were overdispersed. For the aliens, MPD was higher for archaeophytes compared to neophytes, though both groups were significantly clustered. These results show that urbanization leads to a non-random selection of plants. Apophytes and alien plants were composed of closely related species, reflecting similar ecological traits and are likely to be pre-adapted to the environmentally altered and highly disturbed urban environment.


Aspasia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Brendan McElmeel

This article examines discussions of love and marriage in a regional newspaper of the Communist Youth League (Komsomol) in the central Urals region. Although framed around the intention to communicate official communist morality and ideals about the family, these discussions included stories and readers’ letters that expressed a range of views that could both draw on and challenge Party ideals. While scholarship has emphasized the conservative elements of communist morality and the lack of support for men in the domestic sphere, these sources point to an understanding of love as central to a man’s life and comradely partnership as fundamental to Soviet marriage.


Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Aleksander Yurevich Kissin ◽  
Valery Vasilevich Murzin ◽  
Elizaveta Sergeevna Karaseva

The term “demantoid”, first proposed in 1856 by the famous Finnish mineralogist Nils von Nordensheld, refers to a highly dispersed yellow-green mineral from the Central Urals placers. In 1874, it was found to be a gem variety of andradite garnet. “Horsetail” inclusions are considered a sign of the Ural type demantoid. Although these inclusions are large (visible to the naked eye), their diagnostics remains debatable: some researchers attribute them to byssolite (amphibole-asbestos), others consider them chrysotile. We investigated the horsetail inclusions in the Ural demantoids through various methods: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermal analysis. In most cases, “horsetail” inclusions in the Ural demantoid were represented by hollow channels and only the outcrops, on the demantoid surface, were occasionally filled with serpentine (established by SEM); in one case, magnetite was observed. Hollow canals were usually collected not in bundles, such as a “horsetail”, but in fans, sometimes curved into cones. The structure of the grains was spheroidal, sectorial, and sometimes had induction surfaces, which, to the periphery of the grain, were replaced by tubular channels assembled in a fan. The specifics of the growth of the “horsetail” inclusions of the demantoid grains can be explained by the decompression conditions that arose when the ultrabasites (a crust-mantle mixture) were squeezed upwards during collision.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-137
Author(s):  
N. P. Safina ◽  
E. I. Soroka ◽  
N. N. Ankusheva ◽  
D. V. Kiseleva ◽  
I. A. Blinov ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
E. A. Sharova ◽  
O. Y. Brusnitsina

The assessment of decorative value of 35 peony cultivars growing in the Botanical garden plantings (Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk region, the Central Urals) were presented. For assessment were used a 100-rating scale which included the following features: flower colour, flower size, flower shape, flower doubleness, peduncle strength, bush decorative value, flowering abundance, blooming duration, flower scent, plant distinction, plant condition. The obtained assessments were compared to the literature data to examine for compliance with the main flower characteristics of peony cultivar and to reveal distinguishing features for peony plants in Sverdlovsk region and the Central Urals. As a result, 23 peony high-opportunity cultivars and 12 appreciable cultivars were distinguished and recommended for landscape gardening in Sverdlovsk region. For high-opportunity peony cultivars introduced in the Central Urals a descriptive characteristic based on the main flower decorative features was compiled.


Author(s):  
Iulia V. Borovik ◽  

Smallpox has long been among the infections causing colossal fatalities in epidemics. The creation of a smallpox vaccine in the late eighteenth century helped improve the situation significantly. However, due to a wide range of reasons, some of which were common for many states and some reflected the country’s specificity, it took almost two centuries to introduce vaccination and combat the disease. This time was required not only for the creation of medical structures that provided smallpox vaccination. A considerable obstacle was the prejudice against medical intervention shared by many people, and relative control over the disease was gained only after fear was replaced by an understanding of necessity and appropriateness. High mortality was connected both with health care issues and the existing system of values which was changing more dynamically in cities. This article is devoted to the situation with mortality from smallpox in the early twentieth century in Yekaterinburg, a large commercial, industrial, transport, administrative, and cultural centre of the Central Urals with a population of diverse confessions. The source of data for statistical analysis is registers of city parishes of all religious denominations in the city. The author mostly focuses on three denominations, i.e. Orthodox Christians, Old Believers, and Muslims. The analysis reveals the dependence of mortality of the people’s religion and migration statuses. The results of the research testify to the fact that the medical infrastructure and the level of anti-smallpox measures were effective and helped maintain control over the disease and prevent epidemics of smallpox despite the intense influx of migrants to the city from places where acknowledgement of the need for vaccination was lower and opportunities to carry it out were scarcer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kamenskaya

This article considers the peculiarities of designing industrial enterprises and their settlements in the USSR during the first five-year plans. Referring to the Pyshminsky Electrolytic Copper Plant (Rus. PMEZ) and Medny Rudnik, the settlement around it, the author carries out a comparative analysis of its designs and their implementation. The author refers to the collections of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region, periodicals, and materials related to plans for the economic development of the Urals and the USSR. Analysis of the main decisions demonstrates a gradual departure from the project in each of the points, often caused by subjective reasons. The plan of the settlement combined ideas of new Soviet everyday life and real conditions, reflecting national trends in the life of an individual enterprise and locality. The construction of the PMEZ and its settlement is compared with other projects from the first five-year plans (Uralmash, Magnitostroy, etc.), singling out typical and specific features. The author pays special attention to the reasons for a significant discrepancy between what was initially planned and what was implemented, such as insufficient funding, constant short-ages of materials and equipment, lack of personnel, changing administrative trends, the specialisation of regions and industrial complexes, and architectural policy. Many elements of the projects were unrealistic, and some solutions that were implemented but proved unsustainable reveal serious problems in the field of industrial design in the USSR between the 1920s and 1930s.


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