The State Duma of the Russian Empire as depicted in press and public opinion of Urals

В статье рассматривается не изученный в историографии вопрос о специфике освещении практики созыва Государственной думы Российской империи на страницах уральской губернской периодики. Анализируется содержание политического дискурса уральской губернской прессой по актуальным аспектам правительственного курса реформ и введения в России начал парламентаризма. Раскрывается специфика содержания политического дискурса по думской тематике в региональном обществе. В его структуре выявлены три основных компонента — консервативный, либеральный и социалистический дискурс. Анализ дискурса выступает одним из оснований реконструкции процесса восприятия обществом идеи парламентаризма, формирования представлений о месте и роли нового политического института России в лице Государственной думы. На материалах периодики анализируются основные участники дискурсивного поля и те стратегии, которые использовались адресантами в целях воздействия на сознание и мотивацию адресатов. The article examines Ural province periodicals and reveals specifics of the convocation of the State Duma press coverage. Analyzed is the political discourse of the Ural press — the way Government reforms and implementation of the parliamentary system in Russia were depicted. The authors show specifics of regional discourse. Three main components of that discourse are defined — conservative, liberal and socialistic. The role and the place for the State Duma — a new political institution in Russia, concept of Parliamentarianism, perception and adoption of these constructions by the society can be depicted on the basis of the discourse analyses. Periodic press offers materials about the main actors of that discourse and the strategies used to influence final recipients.

SPECIFICS OF WELL KILLING TECHNOLOGY DURING WELL SERVICE OPERATION IN COMPLICATED CONDITIONS

The process of the well killing operations in the oil and gas condensate field in Volga-Ural province is complicated due to several conditions like fractured carbonate reservoir, abnormally low reservoir pressure, high gas-oil ratio, high hydrogen sulfide content, acid fracturing, and hydrochloric acid treatments requirement. During the well killing process, significant gas breakthroughs and fluid loss are observed in this field, which requires significant usage of blocking compositions (up to 50-100 m3 per single well) and increases the well service costs. The aim of this work was to increase the well killing efficiency during well service by studying the mechanisms that take place near the wellbore zone during this process. The application of statistical and multifactor analysis of well-killing processes were conducted from 2018 to 2019, which allowed highlighting the main reasons for the low success of these works. The calculation results showed that the stress state near the well significantly differs from the regional stress field and varies depending on the generated pressure in the well, which in turn affects the activity of fractures near the wellbore. The revealed mechanisms that take place near the wellbore zone coupled with the laboratory and pilot tests of the blocking compositions can be used to improve the well service operations at the oil and gas condensate field in the Volga-Ural province. In this work, it was concluded that it is important to use the geomechanical approach to increase the well killing efficiency in combination with a complex of laboratory rheological and filtration tests of blocking compositions.

Manuscript Books in the Nobility Libraries of the Urals in the 18th Century

The article discusses the phenomenon of the late manuscript book as part of the three largest libraries of the Ural industrial noblemen of the 18th century. Based on new sources (property inventories, statements, and other documentary materials of the preserved manuscripts unique to the region), the reasons for the existence of manuscript books in the noble environment of the Urals are considered. The author examines the composition of the books, determines their thematic sections, original and translated literature, and compares the manuscript book composition of libraries of different owners and representatives of different generations of the Ural industrialists. The author concludes that the latter had increased readership demands and lacked the necessary printed publications, which was one of the reasons for the distribution of manuscript books in the Ural province. The manuscript collections had distinguishing features and books unusual for typical nobility libraries, which can be explained by the transitive type of the Ural industrial nobility: they did not break their “tribal” ties with the democratic environment from which they emerged. Being noble only in the first or second generation, they strove to conform to the noble fashion for enlightenment, spared no means to complete their libraries, filling the shortage of printed publications with orders for translations and manuscript copies of books. The introduction of new sources into scientific discourse will give a new impetus to the study of the culturally and historically significant and yet insufficiently studied phenomenon of the late manuscript book in Russia and in the Urals.

About the structure of the Kama-Kinel trough system

Kama-Kinel Trough System (KKTS) — the structure formed in the Frasnian of the Late Devonian in the vast territory of the Volga-Ural province, is distinguished by the Upper Devonian — Lower Carboniferous deposits. The new interpretation of forming conditions of carbonate deposits in the KKTS has been given. The troughs of the KKST were formed in the Late Devonian as basin with gently sloping shelf zones. The deposits of the middle shelf (ramp), gently sinking into the side of the pool, where the layered accumulated precipitation are presented by bioclastic and intraclastic (lumpy) limestones and carbonate breccia, formed under the influence of storms. Three structural-facial zones, central, border and arched, allocated in the structure of deflections of the KKTS, reflect the structure of troughs formed as a result of tectonic restructuring at the beginning of the Visean and reactivated at the neotectonic stage. The uplift of the side zone considered as the reef buildups seem to be horst-shaped structures in fault zones. These features allow us to consider the structure of the KKTS as formed as a result of paleotectonic processes with the appropriate distribution of shallow and deep-water facies, subsequently changed as a result of reactivation of the basement faults.