Towards Mapping of the Human Brain N-Glycome with Standardized Graphitic Carbon Chromatography

The brain N-glycome is known to be crucial for many biological functions, including its involvement in neuronal diseases. Although large structural studies of brain N-glycans were recently carried out, a comprehensive isomer-specific structural analysis has still not been achieved, as indicated by the recent discovery of novel structures with galactosylated bisecting GlcNAc. Here, we present a detailed, isomer-specific analysis of the human brain N-glycome based on standardized porous graphitic carbon (PGC)-LC-MS/MS. To achieve this goal, we biosynthesized glycans with substitutions typically occurring in the brain N-glycome and acquired their normalized retention times. Comparison of these values with the standardized retention times of neutral and desialylated N-glycan fractions of the human brain led to unambiguous isomer specific assignment of most major peaks. Profound differences in the glycan structures between naturally neutral and desialylated glycans were found. The neutral and sialylated N-glycans derive from diverging biosynthetic pathways and are biosynthetically finished end products, rather than just partially processed intermediates. The focus on structural glycomics defined the structure of human brain N-glycans, amongst these are HNK-1 containing glycans, a bisecting sialyl-lactose and structures with fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine on the same arm, the so-called LDNF epitope often associated with parasitic worms.

The Pyrenean species of Chelidura (Dermaptera, Forficulidae)

The Pyrenees are inhabited by scattered populations of earwigs of the genus Chelidura Latreille, 1825. There is some controversy about the specific assignment of these populations: while most authors assign them to C. pyrenaica (Gené, 1832), other consider that C. aptera (Mégerlé, 1825) is also present in the Pyrenees. The main objective of this work was to revise the identity and synonyms of Pyrenean Chelidura. Specimens from recent fieldwork and collections (MNCN-CSIC) were used for morphological and molecular studies (cytochrome oxidase 1). All Pyrenean specimens shared similar cox1 sequences, very divergent from those of Alpine C. aptera. As a consequence, the variability observed in male cerci morphology from the Pyrenees, ranging from long and slightly curved to short and very curved, corresponded to C. pyrenaica, and the presence of C. aptera in the Pyrenees can be rejected. As previously suggested by Maccagno (1933) and Fontana et al. (2021), the revision of the synonymic list uncovered the misplacement of the name F. simplex Germar, 1825 under the synonymy of C. aptera, while it rather represents a synonym of C. pyrenaica (syn. nov.). Forficula simplex has nomenclatural priority over C. pyrenaica, however both names meet the requirements of the article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to retain the prevailing usage of C. pyrenaica (nomen protectum) over F. simplex (nomen oblitum). Additionally, we discuss the taxonomic status of Chelidura arverna David & Van Herrewege, 1973 stat. nov. from the French Massif Central.

Design and regulation of balancing power auctions: an integrated market model approach

We present an integrated market model which considers the dependencies between the wholesale market and the highly regulated balancing power markets. This fosters the understanding of the mechanisms of these markets and, thus, allows the evaluation of the designs of these markets and their interplay. In contrast to existing literature, in our model the prices on the different markets are interdependent and endogenously determined, which also applies to the switch from inframarginal suppliers to extramarginal suppliers. Linked to this, the implementation of a specific assignment of the suppliers to the different markets is according to their production costs and their ability to provide balancing power. We prove the existence of a market equilibrium, analyze its outcome and contrast this with German market data. Based on this model, we assess design changes, partly stipulated by recent European regulation. This includes uniform pricing as a common settlement rule (effect: no truthful bidding in general), standardized prequalification criteria (promising measure for cost reduction), market flexibilization via “free energy bids” (no increased competition) and the alternative score “mixed-price rule” (no effect on the equilibrium).

The highly flexible disordered regions of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid N protein within the 1–248 residue construct: sequence-specific resonance assignments through NMR

The nucleocapsid protein N from SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most highly expressed proteins by the virus and plays a number of important roles in the transcription and assembly of the virion within the infected host cell. It is expected to be characterized by a highly dynamic and heterogeneous structure as can be inferred by bioinformatics analyses as well as from the data available for the homologous protein from SARS-CoV. The two globular domains of the protein (NTD and CTD) have been investigated while no high-resolution information is available yet for the flexible regions of the protein. We focus here on the 1–248 construct which comprises two disordered fragments (IDR1 and IDR2) in addition to the N-terminal globular domain (NTD) and report the sequence-specific assignment of the two disordered regions, a step forward towards the complete characterization of the whole protein.

Using a blind test to assess the discriminant power of morphological traits to distinguish between similar shrew species

The Canary Islands are home to a large variety of endemic fauna. The Canary shrew (Crocidura canariensis) has a distribution restricted to Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and the islets of Lobos and Montaña Clara. One of the main threats to the insular fauna is the arrival of exotic species. The greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) is an easily transportable animal and a potential competitor for C. canariensis. Therefore, C. russula should be taken into account in the management protocols for invasive species. One of the most easily applicable techniques for detecting shrews is the analysis of pellets. This study aims to assess which morphological characters are diagnostic and easy to use when identifying both species of shrews. For this purpose, a blind specific assignment has been made using seven previously described characters and another three added in the present study. The results show that the observer’s experience did not improve the correct identification rate and that only three of the evaluated characters have a high discriminant capacity. Finally, it was found that the combined use of the maximum number of characters and the identification by two independent observers reduces the probability of making a mistake in the determination to minimum values.

PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN USAHA KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUB) KOPI ARABIKA DI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG

Temanggung Regency is one of the largest coffee-producing districts in Central Java. This motivates coffee farmers to expand their business to the production of ground coffee. One business group that focuses on the coffee business is KUB Tegal Makmur Abadi. The problems that exist in KUB are organizational management, low motivation, and marketing which is still limited to the local sector. Based on these problems, several methods used to solve these problems are (1) Focus Group Discussion, (2) Reorganization, (3) Entrepreneurial Motivation, (4) Training, and (5) Monitoring-Evaluation. The results obtained in this mentoring program are KUB Tegal Makmur Abadi feeling (1) The benefits of entrepreneurship assistance programs on business management capabilities, there is already a clear organizational structure formulation and specific assignment of tasks, (2) improvement of marketing skills for KUB members, this can be seen from the ability to create advertisements, manage social media and websites (3) Marketing of Jumprit coffee products that were still in the area of ​​Temanggung Regency has penetrated outside the Island. Keywords: Plastic Waste, Alternative fuel Abstrak Kabupaten Temanggung merupakan salah satu kabupaten pengasil kopi terbesar di Jawa Tengah. Hal ini memotivasi petani kopi untuk mengembangkan usaha hingga ke produksi bubuk kopi. Salah satu kelompok usaha yang fokus pada usaha kopi adalah KUB Tegal Makmur Abadi. Permasalahan yang ada pada KUB adalah manajemen organisasi, motivasi yang rendah dan juga pemasaran yang masih terbatas pada sektor lokal. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, beberapa metode yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut adalah (1) Focus Group Discussion, (2)Re-organisasi, (3) Motivasi Wirausaha, (4) Pelatihan-pelatihan dan (5) Monitoring-Evaluasi. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam program pendampingan ini adalah KUB Tegal Makmur Abadi merasakan (1) Manfaat program pendampingan kewirausahaan terhadap kemampuan manajemen usaha, sudah ada formulasi struktur organisasi yang jelas dan pembagian tugas secara spesifik, (2) peningkatan keterampilan pemasaran bagi anggota KUB, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kemampuan membuat iklan, mengelola media sosial dan website (3) Pemasaran produk jumprit coffee yang tadinya masih diwilayah Kabupaten Temanggung sudah merambah luar pulau. Keywords: Community Partnership, Arabica coffee, Temanggung

Design Mathods for Detecting Sensor Node Failure and Node Scheduling Scheme for WSN

In this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic approach that sensibly chains confined checking, area estimation and hub relationship to recognize hub disappointments in versatile wireless networks. The hubs to accomplish transmissions not effectively, on the grounds that there are a portion of the issues may emerge in that they are 1) if hub disappointment will happen in any stage, 2) security issues emerges because of transmission includes number of hubs, 3) expanding transmission time because of more number of hubs will be dynamic at an opportunity to finish a specific assignment. To take care of this issue we propose new calculations are 1) hub detecting and hub disappointment for action location, 2) learning courses and give security utilizing neighborhood keys, 3) which hub includes to play out the activity that present hub just to be dynamic at once other to rest mode utilizing node scheduling plan.

The Rise of the Image Banks – a Threat for the Advertising Photography?

The study presented in this article is part of the topic The Impact of Image Banks on the Advertising Photography in Bulgaria, which in turn is part of the doctoral thesis Trends in the Development of Bulgarian Advertising Photography in the Period 2000 – 2017. The purpose of the research is to explore the trends in the selection of an advertising image, i.e. when the preferred images are from image banks and when they are custom-made. The survey will present the number of photographs in Bulgarian advertisements taken from an image bank and the amount of custom made ones. Another issue considered is at what stages of the working advertising process stock images appear. What is also discussed is whether the stock image generating industry is detrimental to customized advertising photography and if it provides additional business opportunity for advertising photographic studios. Through analysis and in-depth interviews with art directors, custom commercial photographers and stock image photographers, the research will attempt to present and systemize specific trends in the working process of advertising agencies on the Bulgarian market and how this affects the advertising photography in Bulgaria. The term advertising photography will be used in the sense of custom photography created for a particular advertising project, while the term stock photography will be used to define a photograph created without a specific assignment and of general commercial nature.

Novel preservation state of Dolerotheca (medullosalean male organ) from the Late Pennsylvanian of the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada

A new preservation state for the medullosalean male organ Dolerotheca is exemplified by a detached 31-mm sideritic mold with intact coalified compression from shale from the roof of a coal seam in the Sydney Coalfield, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. Clearly recognizable in the specimen is the quadripartite campanulum. Furthermore, maceration yielded significant internal information on acellular, cuticular, stomatiferous and pubescent surfaces, and prepollen sacs with grains. Stomata are rare and of the cyclocytic type. The rectangular prepollen sacs occur as doubly paired rows of sporangia that are radially arranged, and contain ellipsoidal prepollen grains 400−520 μm long and circular prepollen grains 330−460 μm in diameter. The approximate ratio of circular to ellipsoidal grains is 1:2. Regardless of shape, the prepollen grains are attributable to the genus Monoletes. The circular grains bear vestigial trilete marks. Infrared-based functional-group chemistry distinguishes between the cover-type compression state and prepollen grains on the basis of higher aliphatic and oxygenated group contents in the grains. In summary, the specimen represents a novel state of nodular preservation with intact compression. Although the specimen is attributed to the genus Dolerotheca, specific assignment is not possible because of limited preservation and material.