scholarly journals Analysis of the Corrosion Resistance of Bronze to Aluminium (ASTM B 824) in a Corrosive Environment Controlled with an Artificial Seawater Solution

Author(s):  
C. V. Cargua-López ◽  
D. C. Vásconez-Núñez ◽  
F. M. Tello-Oquendo

This paper presents the analysis of corrosion resistance of bronzes to aluminum in a controlled corrosive environment. Three alloys were studied CuAl4.5; CuAl7,1 and CuAl10,1 (ASTM B824), whose chemical composition was evaluated by spectrometry (OES). To determine its metal phases, chemical attacks were carried out with FeCl3, HCl in 95% Ethanol and FeCl3, HCl, CrO3 in distilled water. The microstructures obtained were characterized by metallography using two microscopes, an optical and a scanning electron (SEM) and the phases obtained were compared. Subsequently, electrochemical corrosion tests were performed on each alloy. The electrolyte used in the tests was artificial seawater (ASTM D1141) with a pH of 10 ± 0.3. Then, the corrosion products were characterized by EDS and SEM. Once the identification phase was over, the products were removed with a 50% HCl solution. Corrosive attack damage in each microstructural matrix was identified and corrosion rates for each alloy were evaluated. Finally, the corrosion rate data were correlated with the Al and Sn percentages of the alloy. The results show that the higher the increase in aluminum, the lower the corrosion rate, for a maximum limit of Al = 10.11%; Sn = 0.13%; CR = 5,170 mpy; In addition, it was shown that these alloys are effective for marine environments with high salinity. The correlation can be used to estimate the corrosion rate for different pH of the electrolytic medium of any type of ferrous or non-ferrous alloy whose variables are dependent on its chemical composition. Keywords: corrosion, alloy, metallography, microstructure, spectrometry, electrochemistry. Resumen Este artículo presenta el análisis la resistencia a la corrosión de bronces al aluminio en un ambiente corrosivo controlado. Se estudiaron tres aleaciones CuAl4,5; CuAl7,1 y CuAl10,1 (ASTM B824), cuya composición química fue evaluada por espectrometría (OES). Para determinar sus fases metálicas se realizaron ataques químicos con FeCl3, HCl en Etanol al 95% y FeCl3, HCl, CrO3 en agua destilada. Las microestructuras obtenidas se caracterizaron mediante metalografía empleando dos microscopios, un óptico y un electrónico de barrido (SEM) y se compararon las fases obtenidas. Posteriormente, se realizaron ensayos de corrosión electroquímica a cada aleación. El electrolito utilizado en los ensayos fue agua de mar artificial (ASTM D1141) con un pH 10±0.3. Sucesivamente, se caracterizaron los productos de la corrosión mediante microscopia SEM. Una vez terminada la fase de identificación, se removieron los productos con una solución al 50% HCl. Los daños del ataque corrosivo en cada matriz microestructural fueron identificados y las tasas de corrosión para cada aleación fueron evaluadas. Finalmente, se correlacionaron los datos de tasas de corrosión con los porcentajes de Al y Sn de la aleación. Los resultados muestran que a mayor aumento de aluminio existe una menor tasa de corrosión, para un límite máximo de Al=10,11%; Sn=0.13%; CR=5,170 mpy; además, se demostró que estas aleaciones son eficaces para ambientes marinos con alta salinidad. La correlación puede ser utilizada para estimar la tasa de corrosión para diferentes pH del medio electrolítico de cualquier tipo de aleación ferrosa o no ferrosa cuyas variables sean dependientes de su composición química. Palabras claves: corrosión, aleación, metalografía, microestructura, espectrometría, electroquímica.

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3933
Author(s):  
Tamara Aleksandrov Fabijanić ◽  
Marin Kurtela ◽  
Matija Sakoman ◽  
Mateja Šnajdar Musa

The electrochemical corrosion resistance of nanostructured hardmetals with grain sizes dWC < 200 nm was researched concerning Co content and the chemical nature of the Co binder. Fully dense nanostructured hardmetals with the addition of grain growth inhibitors GGIs, VC and Cr3C2, and 5 wt.%Co, 10 wt.%Co, and 15 wt.%Co were developed by a one cycle sinter-HIP process. The samples were detailly characterized in terms of microstructural characteristics and researched in the solution of H2SO4 + CO2 by direct and alternative current techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Performed analysis revealed a homogeneous microstructure of equal and uniform grain size for different Co contents. The importance of GGIs content adjustment was established as a key factor of obtaining a homogeneous microstructure with WC grain size retained at the same values as in starting mixtures of different Co binder content. From the conducted research, Co content has shown to be the dominant influential factor governing electrochemical corrosion resistance of nanostructured hardmetals compared to the chemical composition of the Co binder and WC grain size. Negative values of Ecorr measured for 30 min in 96% H2SO4 + CO2 were obtained for all samples indicating material dissolution and instability in acidic solution. Higher values of Rp and lower values of icorr and vcorr were obtained for samples with lower Co content. In contrast, the anodic Tafel slope increases with increasing Co content which could be attributed to more pronounced oxidation of the higher Co content samples. Previously researched samples with the same composition but different chemical composition of the binder were introduced in the analysis. The chemical composition of the Co binder showed an influence; samples with lower relative magnetic saturation related to lower C content added to the starting mixtures and more W dissolved in the Co binder during the sintering process showed better corrosion resistance. WC-5Co sample with significantly lower magnetic saturation value showed approximately 30% lower corrosion rate. WC-10Co sample with slightly lower relative magnetic saturation value and showed approximately 10% lower corrosion rate. Higher content of Cr3C2 dissolved in the binder contributed to a lower corrosion rate. Slight VC increase did not contribute to corrosion resistance. Superior corrosion resistance is attributed to W and C dissolved in the Co binder, lower magnetic saturation, or WC grain size of the sintered sample.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifeng Guo ◽  
Jiliang Pan ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Meifeng Cai ◽  
Xun Xi

As an effective ground-reinforcing system, rockbolts have been widely used in underground excavations. Corrosion of rockbolts has been one of the most reasons for rockbolts system failure. In this paper, the chemical composition and pH values of the groundwater in Sanshandao Gold mine are first tested. Corrosion of the slotted rockbolts used in roadways of the mine is analysed. The corrosion rate of rockbolts is evaluated based on experimental results from similar corrosive conditions. A time-dependent analytical model on anchoring force degradation caused by corrosion of the rockbolt is developed. Furthermore, the effects of corrosion rate and geometric parameters of the slotted rockbolts on anchoring force degradation are discussed. Suggestions on rockbolts support design in corrosive conditions are given. It has been found that, with the corrosion time increasing, the anchoring force between the rock and the rockbolt gradually decreases. The larger the corrosion rate is, the faster the anchoring force decreases. For long-term service roadways under corrosive conditions, a slotted rockbolt with a smaller radius and thicker wall can enhance the anchoring force.


Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaowei Hu ◽  
Wenge Li ◽  
Yuantao Zhao

Although Q235 steel materials are widely used in offshore engineering, the service life is severely shortened by its inferior resistance to wear and corrosion in harsh marine working environments. Boride-based cermet composites could be a good surface-protective coating to enhance surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. M3B2 (M: Mo, Ni, Fe, Cr) boride-based cermet coatings composed of hard ceramics of M3B2-type complex borides and an {Fe, Ni} metal matrix was fabricated on Q235 steels with mixed Mo, Cr, B, and Ni60 powders using a laser cladding synthesis technique. The influences of laser cladding parameters on the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, and corrosion resistance of the coatings were comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the microstructures of the coatings mainly consisted of three layers, which were, from the top to bottom layer, a metal layer with fewer ceramic phases, a ceramic layer with fewer metal phases, and another metal layer with fewer ceramic phases. The ceramic phases were mainly M3B2-type borides, and the metal phases were mainly {Fe, Ni} alloys. The appearance of Fe-enriching metal phases was due to the supply of Fe elements from Q235 substrates. With squash pretreatment and without a remelting aftertreatment, ceramics uniformly dispersed in the cermet coatings, and their sizes decreased. The results of microhardness showed that the microhardness of the coating first increased and then decreased from the top layer to the bottom layer, and maximum microhardness was obtained in the layer of ceramics with less metal phases. An electrochemical corrosion test showed that the cermet coatings (jcorr = 6.35 μA/cm2) could improve the corrosion resistance of Q235 steels (j = 43.76 μA/cm2) by one order of magnitude.


2017 ◽  
pp. 5062-5068
Author(s):  
A. El Bediwi ◽  
Eman Kashita ◽  
Salah. M M.Salman

In the present work, the effect of annealing on creep behavior, hardness, maximum shear stress, roughness and electrochemical corrosion parameters of commercial Co64Cr29Mo6.5A0.5 (A= C, Si, Fe, and Mn) dental alloy from Travagliato (BS) - Italy have been studied and analyzed.  Creep behavior was studied by indentation and stress exponent was determined by Mulheam-Tabor method.  The results show that, Vickers hardness of Co64Cr29Mo6.5A0.5 alloy decreased but roughness parameters varied after annealing for two hours at 700, 800 and 900 °C.  Also the corrosion resistance in 0.5M HCl of Co64Cr29Mo6.5A0.5 alloy is increased but the corrosion rate with 0.5M HCl is decreased after annealing compared to normal alloy.


Alloy Digest ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  

Abstract JFE-NAC5 was developed based on JFE Steel Corporation technology for corrosion protection and the company’s many years of experience. This technology gives about five years of extra lifetime for deck plates in the vapor space corrosive environment of cargo oil tankers because of the reduction of corrosion rate and the delay in the detritions of primer coating, which then decreases maintenance costs and improves the reliability of ships. This datasheet provides information on tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: CS-149. Producer or source: JFE Steel Corporation.


Author(s):  
Amit Mahajan ◽  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Sandeep Devgan ◽  
Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu

Cobalt-chromium alloy (F-90) and duplex stainless steel (DSS-2205) belong to the family of metallic biomaterials, which are frequently used for the manufacture of dental prosthetics, artificial implants including knee and hip joints. This article addresses the investigation highlights of electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel using different electrode materials for the evaluation of optimum machining parameters. The samples with superior machining performance and surface integrity were analyzed by electrochemical corrosion testing and found that the EDM treated samples portrayed a notable improvement in the corrosion resistance compared to bare metal. Our results demonstrated that both the substrates i.e. Co-Cr alloy and DSS-2205 were dominantly affected by the intensity of the applied current, and participated in the material removal rate with a contribution of 93.81% (23.37 mm3/min., Co-Cr alloy) and 87.32% (39.76 mm3/min., DSS-2205) respectively. However, the surface roughness of the machined Co-Cr alloy (1.080 µm) was majorly influenced by the current (contribution: 67.24%) and electrode (contribution: 28.27%). Whereas, pulse-on (contribution: 58.37%) and electrode (contribution: 30.52%) were significant for the surface roughness (1.150 µm) of the machined DSS-2205. Moreover, the machined surface also demonstrates the porosity (∼3 to ∼5 µm) and formation of intermetallic oxides, carbon phases on the samples machined at a higher value of current i.e. 16 Ampere. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer were used to scrutinize the surface topography and compositional analysis of the machined substrates. The alternation of the substrate surface observed helpful in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Co-Cr alloy and duplex stainless steel by 80.88% (corrosion rate: 0.00029 mm/year) and 96% (corrosion rate: 0.00763 mm/year), comparative to their respective untreated samples.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yihui Huang ◽  
Zhenying Du ◽  
Wenwu Zhang ◽  
Mengxue Bi

Laser shock peening is an innovation technique due to its significant improvement on the corrosion resistance of metallic materials. The study describes the effect of laser shock peening with multiple LSP impacts on the corrosion resistance of 2024 aluminum alloy in NaCl water solution with a mass fraction of 3.5% by using electrochemical technique. The experimental results reveal that LSP significantly reduces the corrosion rate of 2024 aluminum alloy, and as the number of impacts increases the corrosion rate decreases. The study demonstrates that LSP is an effective method to improve the electrochemical corrosion resistance of 2024 aluminum alloy.


CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3490 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyun Bai ◽  
Peifeng Li ◽  
Tieqiang Gang ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
...  

Ti-6Al-4V alloys are typically used for biomedical implants, aerospace components and offshore equipment, where corrosion resistance is critical. In the present paper, the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloys made by different traditional processing and 3D printing technologies in seawater, 3.5 wt.% NaCl, 3.5 wt.% HCl, 5 wt.% HCl and 10 wt.% HCl solutions were studied through polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) analyses. The influences of microstructure and printing parameters on the corrosion behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloys were analyzed. In addition, the corrosion current density, film resistance and charge transfer resistance of traditionally processed Ti-6Al-4V and 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V in the five solutions were compared. The results show that Ti-6Al-4V possesses a better corrosion resistance in seawater than in 3.5 wt.% NaCl, and that the corrosion rate increases with the HCl concentration. Besides, 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V shows a higher corrosion rate in comparison with traditionally processed Ti-6Al-4V because pores are effortless to enrich Cl-. Finally, the ratio of laser power to its scanning speed and the phase constituent composition of the alloy have slight influences on its electrochemical corrosion behavior. It is suggested that for the 3D printed alloy, the deterioration of mechanical properties induced by corrosion damage during servicing should be assessed and considered.


2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 815-820
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Fang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhi Gang Yang ◽  
Yong Qiang Zhang

The corrosion resistance of P110S steel in CO2 and H2S coexistence corrosion environment under different temperature and PCO2/PH2S was investigated by high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) reaction kettle combined with SEM, EDS and XRD analysis methods. The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of P110S steel was studied under loading pressure of 682.2MPa (758MPa×90%) in simulated conditions after 720 hours test. The results show that the P110S steel has serious corrosion in the range of simulative temperature and H2S partial pressure. With the increase of temperature, the corrosion rate decreases first and then increases. With the increase of H2S partial pressure, the corrosion rate increases first and then decreases. The P110S steel has the highest corrosion rate when the temperature is 50 °C and H2S partial pressure is 0.1%. After the anti-SCC test, the specimens did not fracture, and cracks perpendicular to the tensile stress were not found on the surface. That is, P110S has good SCC resistance in the corrosive environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2491-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Predescu ◽  
Andrei Constantin Berbecaru ◽  
George Coman ◽  
Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu ◽  
Andra Mihaela Predescu ◽  
...  

The paper presents corrosion resistance testing results of three stainless steels that may be used in hydropower turbine blades manufacture. Two of these have a chemical composition close to that of some other stainless steels previously employed in producing these parts, being updated steel grades of the former ones. The third one is of a new conception, having a chemical composition close to that of a maraging steel. The three materials were produced in an induction furnace with cold copper crucible under vacuum and argon atmosphere in order to obtain improved mechanical and corrosion resistance characteristics as well as an inclusion � free structure. Quenching and tempering heat treatments were subsequently applied. Tests were carried out at room temperature in normally aerated 1N Na2SO4 and 3% NaCl solutions. Corrosion rates were calculated using the Tafel slope method. All steels have a passivation tendency in a chlorine-free aqueous medium. The newly conceived steel has a more pronounced anodic field as a result of a chromium content below 12%. However, the general corrosion behavior of this material is rebalanced by the content of about 10% Ni which leads to a mainly martensitic structure in quenched state. The corrosion rate values obtained for all samples enframe the three materials in highly and very highly corrosion resistant steels. Nevertheless it must be specified that in chlorine environments the overall corrosion rate is not a sensitive indicator of corrosion resistance performance due to the local depassivation process followed by corrosion pits.


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