Influence of Enamel Exposure to Acidic Drink on Shear Bond Strength of Different Fissure Sealants

In the present study, we evaluated the influence of bovine enamel exposure to acidic drinks (Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Company, Milano, Italy, pH = 2.37) on shear bond strength of three sealants (Fissurit; Grandio Seal and Admira Fusion—Voco Gmbh, Cuxhaven, Germany). For each sealant, two adhesive techniques were tested to investigate the impact of the adhesive application on shear bond strength of sealants after immersion in acidic drink and in the control: Group 1—Control: enamel surface was not in contact with acid drinks, acid etching application and self-adhesive technique for fissure sealant; Group 2—enamel surface was not in contact with acid drinks, acid etching, and adhesive applications, an etch-and-rinse technique for fissure sealant; Group 3—enamel surface was immersed in acid drink, acid etching application and self-adhesive technique for fissure sealant; Group 4—enamel surface was immersed in acid drink, acid etching, and adhesive applications, an etch-and-rinse technique for fissure sealant. For each specimen, the sealant composite resin was applied to the enamel surface and tested with a universal testing machine. Shear bond strength was measured in MPa and with an optical microscope to determine failure modes, quantified with adhesive remnant index (ARI). Enamel acidification variably influenced bond strength values of the different sealants. When no enamel pretreatment was applied, no significant differences were found among the sealants (p > 0.05). However, the mere application of acid etching without adhesive procedures resulted in lower bond strength (p < 0.001). The acid pretreatment affected significantly the bond strength of all sealants tested (p < 0.001), but no significant differences were recorded between the subgroups.

Glass Ionomer Sealants Can Prevent Dental Caries but Cannot Prevent Posteruptive Breakdown on Molars Affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: One-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial

To evaluate the preventive effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) against dental caries and posteruptive breakdown (PEB) on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). In this randomized clinical trial, 77 children aged 5–9 years with at least 1 MIH-affected molar and without PEB or dentin caries lesions (<i>n</i> = 228) were included and randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (1) MIH-affected molars that remained unsealed and (2) MIH-affected molars that received GIC sealants. Dental caries and PEB were clinically evaluated after 6 and 12 months. Associations between dental caries and PEB with independent variables were evaluated using logistic regression analysis (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The MIH-affected molars allocated to the GIC sealant group were less likely to develop dental caries compared to those allocated to the unsealed group (OR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.06–0.95). Conversely, application of a GIC sealant was not associated with prevention of PEB (<i>p</i> = 0.313). Furthermore, MIH-affected molars presenting yellow-brown opacities were almost 5 times more likely to develop dental caries (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and PEB (<i>p</i> = 0.001) compared to those presenting white-creamy opacities. We can conclude that GIC sealants can prevent dental caries on MIH-affected molars; however, the same protective effect was not observed for PEB.

Using fibrin sealant for skin graft fixation to avoid sedation in children with burns: a prospective study

Objective: To investigate whether a fibrin sealant, Fitrix (Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, The Netherlands), for fixation of skin grafts in children with burn wounds is less invasive and equally effective in comparison with skin staples. Method: A single-centre prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Children requiring skin grafting after burns were included and received the fibrin sealant. This group was compared with a retrospective control group of children whose skin grafts were fixed with skin staples. Study outcomes were graft take, graft dislocation, other wound complications, healing and need for sedation. Results: In the fibrin sealant and the control groups, 17 and 27 patients were included, respectively. The percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) grafted was smaller (p=0.028) in the fibrin sealant group (median 1.0, interquartile range (IQR) 1.5 versus 2.0, IQR 2.5). There was no significant difference in graft take or wound healing. There were two graft dislocations in the fibrin sealant group and none in the control group. Other complications included a patient with graft failure in the fibrin sealant group, and another patient with a vanishing graft and wound infection in the control group. There were fewer sedations in the fibrin sealant group compared with the control group (one versus 20, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The fibrin sealant used in this study was non-inferior for the fixation of skin grafts in comparison with skin staples, and avoided sedation procedures.

Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy as a method to prevent recurrent lumbar disc herniation

Fibrin sealant as a promising agent for providing scaffold and efficient hemostasis is widely accepted in several specialties. However, the outcome of Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy has not been evaluated in patients with disc herniation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, response, and probability of future recurrence rates in herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with the use of fibrin sealant in conjunction with endoscopic disc surgery. A total of 35 patients (28 men, 7women) were evaluated, including 18 patients who underwent endoscopic discectomy alone and 17 patients that received fibrin sealant at the site of annulus tear and endoscopic discectomy. All patients were followed through both clinical and imaging methods for an average of 10.5 months. Primary outcome measure was defined as lumbar decompression approved by imaging and symptom alleviation after endoscopic spinal discectomy with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score ≤ 4 (cut-off point). Median size of annular tearing was significantly lower in the endoscopic discectomy group (median, 3) (minimum, 2; maximum, 5); however, the corresponding factor in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group was significantly larger (median, 6) (minimum, 5; maximum, 10), with P <0.001. Only one patient in the endoscopic discectomy group had an HNP recurrence during follow-up compared to two patients in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group. Due to the temporary effects of fibrin sealant in preventing disc herniation and the observed recurrence rate in both the case and control groups, the results of this study suggest a role of fibrin sealants combined with endoscopic discectomy to prevent early HNP recurrence rate.

Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy as a method to prevent recurrent lumbar disc herniation

Fibrin sealant as a promising agent for providing scaffold and efficient hemostasis is widely accepted in several specialties. However, the outcome of Fibrin sealants in lumbar annuloplasty after endoscopic discectomy has not been evaluated in patients with disc herniation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, response, and probability of future recurrence rate in herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) with the use of fibrin sealant in conjunction with endoscopic disc surgery. A total of 35 patients (28 men, 7women), including 18 patients who underwent endoscopic discectomy alone and 17 patients that received fibrin sealant at the site of annulus tear and endoscopic discectomy. All patients were followed clinically and by imaging for an average of 10.5 months. Primary outcome measure was defined as lumbar decompression approved by imaging and symptom alleviation after endoscopic spinal discectomy with VAS score ≤ 4 (cut-off point). Median size of annular tearing was significantly lower in the endoscopic discectomy group (median, 3) (minimum, 2; maximum, 5); however, the corresponding factor in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group was significantly larger (median, 6) (minimum, 5; maximum, 10), with P <0.001. Only one patient in the endoscopic discectomy group had an HNP recurrence during follow-up compared to two patients in the endoscopic discectomy plus fibrin sealant group. Owing to the temporary effects of fibrin sealant in preventing disc herniation and the nearly same observed recurrence rate in both the case and control groups, the results of this study might suggest the role of fibrin sealants combined with endoscopic discectomy to prevent early HNP recurrence rate.

An An Open-Label, Single Center, Retrospective Study to Evaluate Clinical Outcomes with Surgical Sealant in Bentall Procedures: A Cohort Study

Background: Cardiovascular surgery is associated with substantial risk for postoperative bleeding with increased patient morbidity and mortality. Numerous intraoperative techniques have been utilized to reduce this risk. This study was to assess postoperative bleeding-related parameters following Bentall procedures and to examine the impact of intraoperative surgical sealant application. Method: The medical/surgical records of 100 consecutive Bentall procedure cases were examined retrospectively for perioperative surgical sealant use and postoperative bleeding-related outcomes. Results: Of the 100 patient cases, three died during the postoperative period, and 97 were evaluable. Surgical sealant was utilized in 56 patient cases (57.8%). The utilization versus no utilization of surgical sealant was associated with significant reductions in most postoperative bleeding-related parameters, including less drainage (P = .028), resternotomy for hemorrhage (P = .036), transfusion of red blood cells (P = .022 at 48 hours; P = .027 total in-hospital), transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (P = .04 at 48 hours; P = .004 total in-hospital), and a higher percentage of cases not needing blood transfusion (P = .002). The surgical sealant group had longer cardiopulmonary bypass circuit (P = .016) and aortic cross-clamp time (P = .001), with no significant between-group differences in intubation time (P = .636) or intensive care unit duration (P = .294). When excluding urgent cases or Stanford type A aortic dissections, intensive care unit duration significantly was shorter in the surgical sealant group (P = .017). Surgical sealant use was not associated with any adverse events. Conclusion: The application of surgical sealant to the anastomosis suture line in Bentall procedures reduces postoperative drainage, bleeding, and transfusion utilization. Further studies are warranted to investigate these benefits in prospective, randomized clinical trials.

Effect of a fluoride-releasing fissure sealant and a conventional fissure sealant on inhibition of primary carious lesions with or without exposure to fluoride-containing toothpaste

Background. Fluoride-releasing capacity has been added to fissure sealants to benefit from the positive anticariogenic effects of both sealants and fluoride. This comparative research investigated the inhibitory effects of conventional and fluoridereleasing fissure sealants on initial lesions with or without exposure to fluoride toothpaste. Methods. Cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 24 premolar teeth which were randomly divided into three groups. In the cavities of the first group, a fluoride-releasing fissure sealant and in the second group, a conventional fissure sealant were placed; the third group was left intact. Incipient lesions were produced around the cavities. Each group was divided into two subgroups, which were exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste or artificial saliva. Lesion depths were measured under a polarized light microscope before and after treatment. Changes in lesion depths in the samples were analyzed by SPSS 17. Results. Initial and final caries depths were significantly lower in the fluoride-releasing fissure sealant group compared to the other groups (P<0.001). The average depths of carious lesions were lower in subgroups exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste than the subgroups exposed to artificial saliva and the difference was significant in the conventional sealant group and the group without sealant (P<0.001); however, the difference between the toothpaste-exposed and saliva-exposed subgroups was not significant in the fluoride-releasing fissure sealant group (P=0.721). Conclusion. Incorporation of fluoride into the fissure sealants can be effective in the inhibition of dental caries. It seems that fluoride, released from fluoride-releasing sealants, overwhelms the remineralizing capacity of fluoride released from the toothpaste on the same tooth.

Rational Decision On the Use of Antibiotics During the Dry Period in Dairy Cows

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the use of antibiotics in cows during the dry period. The survey was performed on 148 teats during the dry period, with sample collection in the period D-70 (70 days before delivery) and D14 (14 days after delivery). The milk samples were collected for the Strip Cup Test (SCT), California Mastitis Test (CMT), Microbiological Culture, Somatic Cell Count (SCC), Somatic Cell Score (SCS) and Hyperkeratosis (HK). The groups in which there were no microorganisms grow were divided into two groups, in the first group only the internal sealant in the teat was used (Group 1) and there was another group with the intramammary antibiotic use associated with the internal sealant (Group 2). Teats which were considered positive, with microbiological growth, were treated with the intramammary antibiotic associated with the internal sealant (Group 3). In the comparison of the results of the CMT test between D-70 and D14, a statistical difference was observed in Groups 2 and 3. Group 3, which comprises the positive teats in D-70 presented a reduction of 83.87% and 32.26% in the CMT test between D-70 and D14. Regarding HK, group 1 and 2 had a statistical difference in relation to group 3 in D-70 and D14. As for the numbers of bacteria isolated in D-70 and D14, there was no difference comparing Group 1 and Group 2, unlike Group 3, which had a difference. Group 1 and Group 2 were all negative teats in D-70, showing that the intramammary antibiotic did not influence the outcome of D14. In group 3 there was a reduction of isolates from 62 to 15 in D14. The most prevalent microorganism was Streptococcus agalactiae with 43.37% of the total isolates, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16.87%) and Corynebacterium spp. (13.25%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (SCN) (10.84%). The selective treatment of teats in dry dairy cows has advantages over Blanket Dry Cow Therapy by reducing the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, avoiding bacterial resistance, ensuring better milk quality and greater food safety. Antibiotics should only be used for teats with subclinical mastitis, with the microbiological culture at the end of lactation performed by fourth individual mammary.

Using tissue glues for decreasing alveolar air leak in thoracic surgery

Background Prolonged air leak is one of the most annoying complications after pulmonary surgery. Studies have shown that patients with more intraoperative air leaks are at higher risk of developing prolonged postoperative air leak. Various types of sealants have been used effectively for decreasing intraoperative alveolar air leak. We decided to compare 3 sealants to determine which was best. Methods This was a prospective nonrandomized study that included 120 patients undergoing pulmonary surgical procedures associated with intraoperative air leak. They were divided into 4 equal groups. In the first group, no sealant was used. Glubran 2 sealant was used in the second group, BioGlue in the third, and TachoSil in the fourth. Results Preoperative and intraoperative data showed no significant differences among groups, except age which was significantly older in the BioGlue group. Air leak duration and tube duration were significantly shorter in the sealant groups, separately and collectively. No significant difference was found among groups regarding total tube drainage. Also, no significant difference was found between the no-sealant and sealant groups collectively regarding the incidence of postoperative complications, but the BioGlue group had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications compared to the no-sealant group. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the sealant groups, separately and collectively. Conclusion Our results support the use of sealants for decreasing alveolar air leak. They were easily used in a short time with no significant superiority of one sealant over the others, except for a lower incidence of postoperative complications with BioGlue.

Microleakage of a resin sealan using diferents adhesive systems

Objetive: To compare the microleakage of a resinsealant using fifth generation adhesive systems,seventh generation with or without preconditioningof orthophosphoric acid at 37%. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study wasmade on 60 human premolars, randomized into4 groups of 15 elements each. Group 1 (control):phosphoric acid at 37%, sealant; Group 2: orthophosphoricacid, adhesive of fifth generation, sealant; Group 3: adhesive of seventh generation,sealant; Group 4: orthophosphoric acid, adhesiveof seventh generation, sealant. They were puton a thermocycler, 500 cycles (5° y 55°C) per 30seconds on higher and lower temperatures, afterthat the specimens were drawn for 24 hours on1% methylene blue, cut off on a bucco-lingualway and evaluated on a stereomicroscope on 16x.Chi square test was used with a 0.05 significancelevel. Results: The greater percentage of microleakageshowed: control-adhesive without (53.3%), fifthgeneration (20%), the seventh generation (80%)and conditioning with orthophosphoric acid andadhesive seventh generation (67.7%). Conclusion: Microfiltration grade adhesivesealant fifth generation was lower than using theother adhesives.