Seigniorial revenue from villages by general norm: two volosts of Smerdy in Derevskaya Pyatina of Novgorod Land of the late XV century

This article analyzes the data described in the most ancient Russian scribal book – Derevskaya Pyatina of Novgorod Land compiled in the early 1499 based on the land documentation of 1495/96 – 1496/97. The object of this research is the records on seigniorial revenue collected from two volosts – Mikhailovskaya Smerda and Berezayskaya Smerda. The choice of these volosts for analysis is explained by accurate dating in scribal books, as well as by the fact that the income of all villages in these two volosts was calculated by general norm. The subject of this research is the correspondence of the description of revenue by villages to the results calculated by the scriber, as well as correlation between the amount of payment collected from the village and the economic indicators of this village. The novelty of this work lies in the analysis of statistical data taking into account that the scribal book of the XV century contains the records of different times: the composition of households and impost of villages were recorded at the time of the scribal description, while the revenue was calculated a little bit later. This explains certain discrepancies between the payment rate applied to the village and its economic characteristics. Special attention is given to verification of statistical record of scribal book for errors, such as miscount. The author suggests that the criterion for defining the rate of return for the village was not an abstract value – taxation in “obzha”, but the number of households that could be easily determined without special competency of the observer. This hypothesis can be tested only in terms of using the proposed methodology for analyzing other lands according to the scribal books of the XV – XVI centuries.

Death with COVID-19 Symptoms? Framing of Coronavirus news in Bangladeshi Newspapers

<p>This study examines how Bangladeshi media responded in the time of coronavirus crisis focusing on the issue death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study analyses the content of 169 Bengali news article from 5 different newspaper published within the timeline of 20^th March to 30^th May 2020 using framing theory as the theoretical framework. With the quantitative content analysis of news reporting this study also discover how media frame this Corona virus (COVID-19) situation with the words COVID-19 symptoms and some specific symptoms (fever, cough, breathing problem, isolation etc.). The result suggested that there was not enough information to link a person death with coronavirus rather it was the public agenda which media tried to portray with a particular frame. This study questioned the objectivity and accountability of journalist and newspaper on the issue of covering news on death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study also questioned all the statistical record of death with COVID-19 symptoms in Bangladesh where primary source of data was newspaper reports published between 20^th March to 30^th May 2020. </p>

Death with COVID-19 Symptoms? Framing of Coronavirus news in Bangladeshi Newspapers

<p>This study examines how Bangladeshi media responded in the time of coronavirus crisis focusing on the issue death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study analyses the content of 169 Bengali news article from 5 different newspaper published within the timeline of 20^th March to 30^th May 2020 using framing theory as the theoretical framework. With the quantitative content analysis of news reporting this study also discover how media frame this Corona virus (COVID-19) situation with the words COVID-19 symptoms and some specific symptoms (fever, cough, breathing problem, isolation etc.). The result suggested that there was not enough information to link a person death with coronavirus rather it was the public agenda which media tried to portray with a particular frame. This study questioned the objectivity and accountability of journalist and newspaper on the issue of covering news on death with COVID-19 symptoms. This study also questioned all the statistical record of death with COVID-19 symptoms in Bangladesh where primary source of data was newspaper reports published between 20^th March to 30^th May 2020. </p>

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Infections Associated with Surgery and Treatment of Oncological Diseases

Introduction. In the Russian Federation there is a constantly updated register of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases reporting which is mandatory. Massive expenses and detriment to patients’ health caused by these infections prompted the authors to run a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the morbidity registered in the population of the city of Kazan during the period under review. This paper presents a study of patterns of the emergence and spread of nosocomial infections.This study aims to examine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of infections associated with surgery and the treatment of oncological diseases registered in the population of the city of Kazan.Materials and methods. Authors analysed the Emergency Notifications for an Infectious Disease (form 058/u) as well as the data from the Rospotrebnadzor Federal Statistical Record Form №2. The paper presents the morbidity annual dynamics, structure and spatial characteristics and describes key pathogens of HAIs.Results and discussion. On the basis of the data obtained the authors give clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the annual dynamics of the morbidity characterised by recurrent rises during the year with the top incidence in the autumn. Neonatal PSI infections dominate the HAIs incidence structure (52.8%). St. aureus is the priority HAI pathogen (26.5% of cases) in the city of Kazan.Conclusion. Microbiological monitoring of emerging HAIs is an efficient tool for managerial decision making and the development of an algorithm for anti-epidemic measures in the departments and the hospital as a whole for the reduction of risk of infection.

Writer, Teacher … Director?

Camp develops new football booklets in 1883: a referee’s book with rule interpretations to aid referee decision making, approved and published under the auspices of the Intercollegiate Football Association, and a historical statistical record of American football since intercollegiate competition began, with lists of players, referees, current captains, and the like. He coaches Yale’s baseball and football teams and is praised for his coaching results. Apparently at Camp’s initiative, a Yale professor investigates hiring of Camp by Yale as the school’s athletic supervisor, but Camp is not hired.

Modelling performance management measures through statistics and system dynamics-based simulation

The objective of this paper is to establish a methodology that combines performance measurement, a statistical record of measures to identify any relations among them, and system dynamics-based simulation modeling with the aim of supporting operations decision systems. This methodology intends to provide the comprehensive analysis of performance in such a way that it also analyzes the sensitivity and optimization of certain metrics according to requirements in each case. In the literature, this appears as a poorly developed research area. Some relevant studies have been identified which have attempted this combination, but have not completely established it.

Attitudes to voluntary action

This chapter reviews existing research on attitudes to voluntary action. Despite the importance of this topic, public attitudes have received even less consistent consideration over time than voluntary action itself. This chapter summarises information from the National Survey of Volunteering (1981 and 1991) and the British Social Attitudes Surveys (from the 1990s) on the virtues of voluntarism, and the relationship between voluntary action and government policy. However, given the later gaps in the statistical record, the emphasis in the chapter is firmly upon two key Mass Observation Project directives, implemented 16 years apart, in 1996 and 2012. Writers have a strong sense of where the boundary should lie between statutory responsibility and voluntary initiative; and demonstrate particular concerns of and criticisms about the use of volunteers to substitute for paid staff, and to undercut the position of the lowest-paid members of society. Writers also discuss strong concerns about the ways in which governments take the contribution of volunteers for granted, leading to scepticism about individual and community capacities to take on further social responsibilities. We argue that the rationales on which appeals for greater voluntary effort are made are crucial to the success of these appeals.

Liverpool: The making of a licensed city

This chapter establishes Liverpool’s unenviable statistical record for drunkenness. It examines the nature of municipal comparison, interrogating the reasons for Liverpool’s record and critically assessing the nature of the available evidence. It established that the pressure for reform came as much from vocal campaigners within Liverpool as critics looking on from outside the city. It considers the place of drink in Liverpool’s complex and changing politics, and establishes how reform to policing and licensing emerged as a politically practical option for the city to tackle its reputation. The final section provides a chapter outline of the remaining book.

A Model of Replication Creation in Distributed Networks

Data Grid provides geographically distributed data resources. However, ensuring efficient and fast access to such huge and widely distributed resources is hindered by the high latencies of the Internet. Replication is adopted to address these problems. Aimed to replica creation, a model to decide replica creation opportune moment is introduced, which is based on queuing theory. Through statistical record of the arrival rate of uses, service period, and replicas already created, calculating length of queue, waiting duration time, busy period, service strength and so on, a reasonable creation opportune moment of replica can be obtained.