Real-time acoustic sensing and artificial intelligence for error prevention in orthopedic surgery

In this work, we developed and validated a computer method capable of robustly detecting drill breakthrough events and show the potential of deep learning-based acoustic sensing for surgical error prevention. Bone drilling is an essential part of orthopedic surgery and has a high risk of injuring vital structures when over-drilling into adjacent soft tissue. We acquired a dataset consisting of structure-borne audio recordings of drill breakthrough sequences with custom piezo contact microphones in an experimental setup using six human cadaveric hip specimens. In the following step, we developed a deep learning-based method for the automated detection of drill breakthrough events in a fast and accurate fashion. We evaluated the proposed network regarding breakthrough detection sensitivity and latency. The best performing variant yields a sensitivity of $$93.64 \pm 2.42$$ 93.64 ± 2.42 % for drill breakthrough detection in a total execution time of 139.29$${\hbox { ms}}$$ ms . The validation and performance evaluation of our solution demonstrates promising results for surgical error prevention by automated acoustic-based drill breakthrough detection in a realistic experiment while being multiple times faster than a surgeon’s reaction time. Furthermore, our proposed method represents an important step for the translation of acoustic-based breakthrough detection towards surgical use.

Diverse Responses of Polar Mesocyclones Genesis Attributable to Orographic Forcing

<p>Polar mesocyclones (PMCs) are mesoscale, maritime cyclones that occur around the high latitudes in the cold seasons. Over the northern Sea of Japan, PMC frequently occurs with cold air outbreaks from the east of the Eurasian Continent. In this study, effects of the mountains on the eastern end of the Eurasian Continent (Sikhote-Alin mountain range) on the PMCs genesis were examined by 36-years long-term numerical experiments. The sensitivity experiment, in which the Sikhote-Alin mountain range is removed, shows that the number of PMC genesis decreases and the duration between PMCs genesis and landfall becomes shorter compared with realistic experiment. These differences arise only in the southern part of the sea. This result suggests that the effect of the orographic forcing on PMC's behavior varies with the location of the PMCs genesis.</p>

FEM Simulation of Multi-Stage Forging for Dray Fasteners

This study uses the dies of the dray fasteners processing graphics provided by the fastener’s industry to establish 3D dies and components solid models based on the embedded drawing function tools provided by the component model (Standard.ipt) of Autodesk Inventor CAD software. After finishing the dies and components drawing, the integrated assembly drawing of dies can be obtained through the assembly model (Standard.iam) firstly. Three stages forming processes can be conducted and carried out the FEM simulation to check the forming acceptance. The effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity field, and the forging force can be obtained by the FEM simulation. Moreover, the realistic experiment can be performed to verify the acceptance of FEM simulation. The dimensions of final product can be measured to get the errors between FEM and experiment. It is noted that the errors show a good agreement with the experiment.

Einstein’s Illusions in STR

Special Theory of Relativity (STR) had been considered as a key of modern physics where Albert Einstein proved it in 1905 based on his imaginary experiment when he deduced three important conclusions related to the mass, length and time, essentially. Many times, I tried to check this imaginary experiment and I failed to get the same conclusions, maybe because I am not as smart as Einstein, but when you check my realistic experiment with my own mathematical equations you will be satisfied that there is nothing changed on the cases of the mass, length or time, where I proved that Einstein’s Beta doesn’t make sense in behalf of Galileo’s transformations.

Respective Roles of the Guinea Current and Local Winds on the Coastal Upwelling in the Northern Gulf of Guinea

The northern Gulf of Guinea is a part of the eastern tropical Atlantic where oceanic conditions due to the presence of coastal upwelling may influence the regional climate and fisheries. The dynamics of this coastal upwelling is still poorly understood. A sensitivity experiment based on the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) is carried out to assess the role of the detachment of the Guinea Current as a potential mechanism for coastal upwelling. This idealized experiment is performed by canceling the inertia terms responsible for the advection of momentum in the equations and comparing with a realistic experiment. The results exhibit two major differences. First, the Guinea Current is found to be highly sensitive to inertia, as it is no longer detached from the coast in the idealized experiment. The Guinea Current adjusts on an inertial boundary layer, the inertial terms defining its lateral extension. Second, the upwelling east of Cape Palmas disappears in absence of the Guinea Current detachment. This is in contrast with the upwelling east of Cape Three Points, which is still present. The results suggest that two different generation processes of the coastal upwelling need to be considered: the upwelling east of Cape Palmas (which is due to inertia, topographic variations, and advective terms effects resulting in important vertical pumping) and the upwelling east of Cape Three Points (which is principally induced by local winds). In addition to recent work ruling out the role of eddies, this study clarifies the processes responsible for this coastal upwelling.

Innovation in Education through Student Final Project

To optimize the role and education function, university needs realistic experiment, continuously develops itself to meet the challenge and society and industrial demand. That efforts can be done by preparing students for making innovation in education through research & development of the final project. This study is aim to provide an overview about the steps taken to provide student to create innovation in education. This is a library reasearch. The data was taken from written materials through literary studies. The result of study are showed that innovation in education can be done through student final project by using R&D experiment, action reasearh, and qualitatif reasearch. There are four steps in R&D experiment, those are 1) developing model; 2) validating model; 3) trial; and 4) analyzing the result of the trial and polishing model. Furthermore, in action research and qualitative reseach, objective of model formulation and development process are required. The product of innovation in education can be in form of a model, a method, a procedure, a book, a module, an evaluating instrument, and a learning program, that have been passed quality test so eligible to be used in education.

FEM Simulation and Experimental Verification on Rotating Compression Forming of Double-Layer Clad Ring Considering Shear Friction

This study uses FEM simulation based on Deform 3D commercial software to explore the plastic behaviors in the rotating compression of double-layer bounded clad ring under constant shear friction. The effective stress, the effective strain, the velocity field, the compression force under various forming conditions can be determined from FEM simulation. The realistic experiment has been performed to verify the acceptance of FEM simulation. From the comparisons, the compression force and free surfaces of outer and inner diameters shows a good agreement with the experiments, it proves the FEM simulation can be accepted as industry references.

Electric discharge in vacuum by minicharged particles

We discuss the possibility of a laboratory search for light minicharged particles carrying electric charge, which is a small fraction ϵ of that of electron. We point out that the production of pairs of such particles in an electric field would result in a measurable discharge in vacuum of electrically charged objects. A realistic experiment may be sensitive to such particles at least down to ϵ~10-8, if their mass is below ~10-4 eV .