Digital access rights management in the information systems of e-libraries and digital archives

The author reviews the basic types of digital document content protection from unauthorized access and dissemination applied by publishers and book trading companies. The principles of digital rights management (DRM) while accessing digital documents. The author suggests that DRM systems are efficient to be applied to certain types and formats of digital documents in libraries and archives. He also reviews several commercial solutions for DRM-systems plied to the most popular PDF-format and substantiates the importance of DRM-systems standardization for digital document friendliness both for the users and rights holders disseminating digital publications. Existing and newly introduced international standards for DRM-systems are discussed. The typology of digital rights protection software as provided for by the standards is presented along with regulated DRM-system features based on data coding. Readium project by international non-profit Readium Foundation exemplifies standard approach to DRM-system design. The project goal is to develop software modules to integrate standard DRM-technology into computer information systems including ALIS.

Documents in the Dynarchive: Questioning the Total Revolution of the Digital Archive

The digital archive is often described in opposition to its physical counterpart. Media theorist Wolfgang Ernst has coined the term “dynarchive” to describe the former, a phrase that neatly contrasts digital archival remixability with the statis of the physical archive and its hierarchical fond structure. The article both uses and questions this characterization by examining the archive’s physical and digital document practices in three areas: (1) Hierarchical collection description versus individual document description; (2) Original order versus relevance-based results; and (3) Archival selection practices and the illusion of completeness. Archival structure and description have been central to the authority and evidentiary value of archival documents. Yet both the market logics of the internet and criticism from historically oppressed groups have challenged these connections. Using the dynarchive as a conceptual frame, this article examines archival digitization's potential for decolonization of the archive via its fragmentation into a non-hierarchical web of interrelated documents.

3D Printing Manufacturing Techniques, Materials, and Applications: An Overview

3D printing, also called additive manufacturing (AM), is a method of creating 3D solid parts from a digital document. By utilizing additive routes, the fabrication of 3D-printed objects can be made. These layers can be viewed as a gently cut level cross-area of the manifest object. 3D printing is somewhat in obstruction to subtractive manufacture, which is expelling/discharging out a touch of metal or plastic for the occurrence of a milling machine. 3D printing authorizes creating multifarious profiles employing fewer materials than conventional fabrication systems. This review article provides the general idea of 3D printing production techniques, materials used, and applications in the aircraft and automobile industry and biomedical fields.

VISUAL EXPERIENTIAL IN DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION FOR RURAL TOURISM PROMOTION OF BA’KELALAN, SARAWAK

This paper aims to share some research information based on the visual experiences during the field trip to Ba’Kelalan, Sarawak. Ba’Kelalan is a traditional village of the Lun Bawang community and is well-known as an eco-tourism area in Sarawak. All the experiences were documented using the digital documentation tools and have been recorded with reference to the formalistic artistic methods; in ensuring the visual effects have the best quality and high artistic value. The results will be discussed based on the implemented process and the impact of digital document preparation through experiential learning theory. Next, this article will provide new ideas and visual insights that can help data enhancement, especially in the promotion of the rural tourism sector.

A Systematic Analysis on the Admissibility of Digital Documents as Evidence in Malaysian Syariah Courts

Digital document is a relatively new form of evidence, particularly for use in the Malaysian Syariah courts. This scenario contrasts with civil courts, which started using digital documents in court proceedings as early as the 1950s. The use of the digital document as evidence is intended to strengthen other methods of proof further. However, the Syariah courts are still less exposed to a new proofing method because there are no specific provisions according to Islamic law to allow it. Not only that, but Syariah law practitioners are also rarely exposed to cases related to the use of digital documents. Therefore, this qualitative study will analyse the admissibility of the digital document as evidence under Islamic law through a systematic analysis. This study uses the PRISMA methodology with the range of data stored on the web at www.scopus.com and http://myjurnal.my, which brings together thousands of scientific writings worldwide. The final screening results found a total of 21 articles that discussed the practice of digital documents as evidence under Islamic law. Furthermore, from the final filter, the researchers found several works of literature that previously discussed the usage of digital documents as evidence in a trial proceeding, which indirectly shows that the Syariah court has begun to accept this type of evidence. It is expected that the results of this study will assist legal practitioners in the Syariah court and become a reference point for researchers, academics and the public in Malaysia.

Readability Enhancement for PDF Documents

Readability has been studied for decades, ranging from traditional paper reading to digital document reading, Web page reading, etc. Different audiences have different needs and the needs trigger the researchers to investigate innovative solutions. For example, in recent years, researchers have studied readability enhancement of English articles for non-native English readers, either on paper reading or hypertext document reading. Using a variety of methods, researchers were able to enhance the reading comprehension and the users’ satisfaction on hypertext document reading, such as changing content presentation with visual-syntactic text formatting (VSTF) format or Jenga format. In terms of dynamically changing content presentation for reading, one less explored format is Portable Document Format (PDF), which was traditionally viewed within a modern Web browser or Adobe Acrobat reader on the desktop. PDF format was standardized as an open format in 2008 and has been widely used to keep a fixed-layout content. However, a fixed layout document presents a challenge to apply existing transformation methods, not mention on mobile devices. In this paper, we not only present a system that uses a novel algorithm to decode PDF documents and apply content transformation to enhance its readability, but we also generalize it to a framework that allows the users to apply customizations and the developers to customize their needs. Although we used Jenga format as an example to enhance the readability of PDF documents, we envision the proposed framework can be used to adopt different customizations and transformation methods. The current result is promising, and we believe it is worth further investigation to make PDF documents readable and accessible for different populations, such as non-native English readers, people with dyslexia or special needs, etc.