Insights into the role of Moringa oleifera in ameliorating acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

The study was aimed to investigate the hepato-protective effect of Moringa oleifera in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to acetaminophen. Fishes exposed to sub-lethal concentration of acetaminophen for 96 hours, were fed on feed incorporated with moringa leaf, for 21 days. Histological studies of liver of fish fed with M. oleifera leaf incorporated feed , for 21 days after 96-hour acetaminophen exposure showed significant reparative changes when compared to the control. The experiment indicate that dietary supplementation of moringa leaf had hepatoprotective effect in Nile tilapia exposed to acetaminophen.

Pharmacological and Toxicological evaluation of selenium in combination with thiamine in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently holding the second rank as a fatal cancer globally. Our hypothesis projects the combined effect of selenium (3mg/kg) and thiamine in combination as an effective treatment for DENA induced carcinogenesis in Wistar rats with an intra-peritoneal single dose of 200mg/kg body weight. Data obtained proved to show a remarkable alteration in body weight and liver profile of DENA exposed rats which were restored by administration of selenium and thiamine combination; our histological reports also revealed reparative changes in the trabaculie mesh work of hepatic cells at higher doses than the normal dietary requirement. Outcomes of the protocol showed remarkable fruitful results for the justification of combined selenium and thiamine as anticancer therapy.

Fatal hemorrhage after tonsillectomy

This is the first report of a segmental mediolysis occurring in arterioles, affecting the neck/tonsillar region and leading to a fatal hemorrhage after a tonsillectomy in a 20-year-old woman. Arteriolar mediolysis could be observed in tissue layers about 2 cm distant from the tonsillectomy region. Reparative changes were observed in the carotid and small neck arteries as well as in only one intramyocardial arteriole; however, no other vascular regions typically reported in segmental mediolysis arteriopathy were affected and aneurysm formation was not observed. No family history of vascular disease or hypertension was known. Pathophysiologically, previously reported reasons for post-tonsillectomy bleeding could be excluded. Segmental mediolysis may represent a wider spectrum of affected arteriolar vessels besides the reported small and medium sized arteries leading to aneurysms, which impedes radiographic diagnosis.

The Differential Diagnosis of Reparative Changes and Malignancy: Performance in the College of American Pathologists Pap Education and Proficiency Testing Programs

Context.— Repair is a challenging diagnosis and a significant source of false-positive (FP) interpretations in cervical cytology. No large-scale study of performance of repair in the liquid-based era has been performed. Objective.— To evaluate the performance of repair in the College of American Pathologists Pap Education and Proficiency Testing (PT) programs. Design.— The FP rate for slides classified as repair was evaluated by preparation type, participant type (cytotechnologist, pathologist, or laboratory), and program. The specific misdiagnosis category and individual slide performance were also evaluated. The rate of misclassification of slides as repair by participants for other diagnostic categories in the Pap Education program was assessed. Results.— The overall FP rate was 1700 of 12 715 (13.4%). There was no significant difference by program or preparation type. Within the Education program there was no difference by participant type, but pathologists' FP rate in the PT program (47 of 514, 9.1%) was significantly better than cytotechnologists in the PT program (51 of 380, 13.4%) and pathologists in the Education program (690 of 4900, 14.1%). High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions/cancers (HSIL+) accounted for 1380 of 1602 FP interpretations (86%) in Education, but 43 of 98 (43.9%) in PT. Most slides had a low rate of misclassification, but a small number were poor performers. False-negative diagnosis of HSIL+ as repair was less common, ranging from 0.7% to 1.8%. Conclusions.— Despite initial indications that liquid-based cytology might reduce the rate of misclassification of repair, FP interpretations remain common and are no different by preparation type. Misclassification is most commonly as HSIL or carcinoma, potentially resulting in significant patient harm.

Mathematical and computational modeling of host-pathogen interaction in the lung lesion development due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

Tuberculosis (TB) has a long history as a major disease in humans and animals. New resistant strains are jeopardizing the advances in the battle against TB. 40% of HIV deaths occur due to concurrent TB illness. A causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causes severe implications for a patient. The tuberculosis process is accompanied usually by the lung tissue destruction and cavitation associated with imbalance in the system of matrix metalloproteinases/inhibitors (MMP/TIMP). At the same time, pathogen can stimulate an inflammatory process leading to an even greater imbalance of MMP/TIMP facilitating the tissue destruction. Such positive feedback also could be conditioned by the initially damaged immune status of the host. We have developed model based on the study of “manipulation” of immune signaling and biochemical metabolic pathways by M. tuberculosis that reveal key factors contributing either to the beginning of reparative changes or the transition of the disease to a chronic form. We have defined, deploying the mathematical model and being based on published clinical observations, ”key parameters” stimulating the restoration of the structure and functions of tissues, as well as analyzed the dynamics of cellular populations for the diagnosis of functional and pathological conditions of the host.

Mathematical and computational modeling of host-pathogen interaction in the lung lesion development due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans

Tuberculosis (TB) has a long history as a major disease in humans and animals. New resistant strains are jeopardizing the advances in the battle against TB. 40% of HIV deaths occur due to concurrent TB illness. A causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, causes severe implications for a patient. The tuberculosis process is accompanied usually by the lung tissue destruction and cavitation associated with imbalance in the system of matrix metalloproteinases/inhibitors (MMP/TIMP). At the same time, pathogen can stimulate an inflammatory process leading to an even greater imbalance of MMP/TIMP facilitating the tissue destruction. Such positive feedback also could be conditioned by the initially damaged immune status of the host. We have developed model based on the study of “manipulation” of immune signaling and biochemical metabolic pathways by M. tuberculosis that reveal key factors contributing either to the beginning of reparative changes or the transition of the disease to a chronic form. We have defined, deploying the mathematical model and being based on published clinical observations, ”key parameters” stimulating the restoration of the structure and functions of tissues, as well as analyzed the dynamics of cellular populations for the diagnosis of functional and pathological conditions of the host.

The system of matrix metalloproteinases and their role in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum levels of parameters of the system metalloproteinase (MMP)/inhibitors with severity of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (ITL), changes in examined parameters during the intensive phase treatment (IPT), as well as possibility of their use for prediction of IPT effectiveness, along with acute-phase proteins (AFP). The study included ITL patients which were subdivided into two groups (I and II) with different rates of reparative changes. It was shown that: 1) ITL is characterized by impairements in the system MMP/inhibitors: the levels of MMP-1, -9 increased, MMP-3, -8, TIMP-1 remained at the reference values and a 2-macroglobulin was low. 2) Changes of the parameters of the system MMP/inhibitors were associated with markers of severity and activity of the process: MMP-1, with the presence of destruction and sensitivity of the pathogen (Mycobacterium tuberculosis; MBT) to anti-TB drugs, MMP-9, with the volume of destruction, MMP-8 – with activity of tuberculosis. 3) TIMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased during treatment in groups with different rates of reparative process, whereas proMMP-1, MMP-3,-8 remained unchanged. 4) Before and after IPT, the level of TIMP-1 was higher in the group of patients with slower rate of reparative processes. 5) After IPT the imbalance in the system MMP/inhibitor preserved thus suggesting continuation of the reparative process. 6) Use of combination of MMP and AFR is more informative in predicting efficacy of IPT.

Fifty-Three Years after a Pencil Puncture Wound

A pencil core with an intact pencil tip was excised from the thigh of a 60-year-old male 53 years after a puncture wound. Histologic examination of the excised pencil core and the surrounding tissue revealed a foreign body reaction with abundant entrapped dark black pigment and chronic reparative changes, including dense sclerosis and focal granulation tissue formation.