Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth curve parameters of Khazak native chickens

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy (ME) and protein (CP) on growth parameters and absolute growth rates in the different ages of the Khazak chicks. A total of 360 one-day-old Khazak chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and in a 3×3 factorial experiment with completely randomized design, chicks were randomly allocated to experimental diets including 2,600, 2,800, and 3,000 kcal of ME/kg, and each containing 17, 19, and 21% CP from 7 to 98 days of age. Four growth model (Gompertz, Logistic, Lopez, and Richards) were fitted on weekly body weight data and the best model were selected by the goodness of fit criteria. Growth curve parameters were predicted for all chicks using the best model and other parameters including age (Ti) and weight (Wi) at the inflection point and absolute growth rate (AGR) in different ages were calculated from growth curve parameters. All parameters were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of SAS. Based on goodness of fit criteria, the Richards model had the lowest Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC), root mean square error (RMSE), and highest adjusted determination coefficient (R2Adj) than other models and was selected as the best model. The effect of ME was significant on the mature index (k), Wi, Ti, and all AGR parameters (P<0.05) while CP levels were significant on final weight (Wf), Wi, and AGR parameters (P<0.05). The chicks fed with a diet containing 2,600 kcal of ME/kg and 17 % CP had the higher k parameter, and lower Wi, Ti, and AGR than those fed with other diets (P<0.05). Considering that the level of 2,800 kcal of ME/kg and 19 % CP had no significant difference with the level of 3,000 kcal of ME/kg and 21 % CP, therefore diet with 2,800 kcal of ME/kg and 19 % CP was suggested as optimum levels for change the growth curve parameter and having best performance for Khazak chickens during 7 to 98 days of old.

Morphometric characteristics of four important fish species from the Rwandan side of Lake Kivu

Inland fisheries are important socio-economic resources for rural communities in Africa. In Rwanda, about two million people directly depend on capture fisheries from Lake Kivu. Sustainable fisheries management requires monitoring of population dynamics that help devise effective intervention strategies. However, the relevant data such as length-length and length-weight relationships do not exist for most of the key species in Lake Kivu. The present study generated morphometric and body weight data for Limnothrissa miodon (n=82), Lamprichthys tanganicanus (n=55), Haplochromis vittatus (n=51) and Haplochromis graueri (n=34) from Lake Kivu. Length-weight relationships (W=aLb) were highly significant for all species (p < 0.0001), high adjusted R2 = 78 to 98% of the variance in weight explained by total length. Negative allometric length-weight relationships were found with regression slope (b) values of 2.7 for Limnothrissa miodon, 2.8 for H. graueri, and 2.8 for L. tanganicanus, and positive (b=3.4) for Haplochromis vittatus. Length-length relationships were highly significant for all species (p ≤ 0.0001), except for the relationship between total and caudal length for L. miodon, and total and caudal peduncle length for L. tanganicanus, both not significant at p > 0.05. The highest R2 was for the relationships between total and standard length for H. vittatus, and total and fork length for L. tanganicanus. No description of length-length relationships exists for these species in literature or in FishBase database. The data generated in the current study will be used to assess changes in fish populations over time.

93 Equivalent Effects of Growing Phase ADG and DOF at Various Placement Weights on Finishing Beef Cattle Performance Using Meta-analysis Approach

A meta-analysis approach was used to interpret effects of growing phase days and rate of gain on finishing performance at theoretically similar maturity using a dataset derived from 53 manuscripts. Growing phase feeding strategies included dry-lot feeding a high-energy finishing diet post-weaning (HG; n = 16), silage (DL-forg; n = 32) or a moderate energy diet (DL; n = 78), stocking cattle on winter wheat (WW; n = 16) or range (GR; n = 43). Independent variables of interest were initial growing phase body weight (initial BW), growing phase average daily gain (ADG), days-on-feed in growing phase (DOF), and final growing phase body weight. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS, with treatment means weighted by experimental units (EU) per treatment. Optimal combinations of growing phase DOF and initial BW differed between models. Yet, for dressing percent (R2 = 0.39), LMA (R2 = 0.55), final finishing BW (R2 = 0.58), and HCW (R2 = 0.54) models, an 80-d growing phase for cattle starting at 240 kg resulted in greatest responses by these variables. Simulations evaluating effects of growing phase ADG on finishing performance (dressing percent; LMA; final body weight; HCW) were set equivalent to simulations evaluating the sensitivity of growing phase DOF in response to initial BW. Solving these simulations generated the initial BW at which cattle were more responsive to growing phase length (DOF) than ADG (LMAcritical point = 255 kg; DPcritical point = 242 kg; Final finishing BWcritical point = 231 kg; HCWcritical point = 233 kg). For finishing performance traits listed, each critical point represents the inflexion at which growing phase ADG exerts greatest influence on each trait modeled. Thus, for example, for cattle starting a growing phase at under 233 kg, faster growing phase ADG results in greater hot carcass weight response.

Pharmacological and Toxicological evaluation of selenium in combination with thiamine in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently holding the second rank as a fatal cancer globally. Our hypothesis projects the combined effect of selenium (3mg/kg) and thiamine in combination as an effective treatment for DENA induced carcinogenesis in Wistar rats with an intra-peritoneal single dose of 200mg/kg body weight. Data obtained proved to show a remarkable alteration in body weight and liver profile of DENA exposed rats which were restored by administration of selenium and thiamine combination; our histological reports also revealed reparative changes in the trabaculie mesh work of hepatic cells at higher doses than the normal dietary requirement. Outcomes of the protocol showed remarkable fruitful results for the justification of combined selenium and thiamine as anticancer therapy.

Effect of Feeding Rate on the Growth and Nutrient Utilization of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Juveniles

This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding at different time intervals of the day on the growth efficiency of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822). Juveniles of African catfish Clarias gariepinus with an average weight of 16.0±0.20g were randomly stocked into four treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) at 10 fish per group using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment groups were T1 (Fish fed once daily), T2 (Fish fed twice), T3 (Fish fed Thrice daily) and T4 (Fish fed four times daily). They were all fed 3% of their body weight. Data obtained was analysed using Genstat package while means where separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result of the study showed that the highest weight gains of 104.49g was recorded in Treatment 3, this was followed by Treatment 2 with a mean weight gain value of 92.42g. The least value of weight gain (76.74g) was recorded in Treatment 1. Also, the highest feed intake value of 142.83g was recorded in Treatment 3, this was followed by Treatment 2 with a mean feed intake value of 135.12g. The least value of feed intake (112.95g) was recorded in Treatment 1. The feed conversion ratio and Protein Efficiency ratio (PER) also followed similar trend as that of weight gain and feed intake. The highest PER value of 2.10 was recorded in Treatment 3, this was followed by Treatment 2 with a mean PER value of 1.69. The least PER value (1.39) was recorded in Treatment 4. ANOVA showed that there was significance difference (P<0.05) in the PER value between Treatment 1, 2 and 3. However, Treatment 1 was not significantly different (P>0.05) from Treatment 4. At the end of the Study, three times feeding per day was found to be sufficient for maximum growth as it recorded the highest value for growth parameters monitored and was significantly different from other treatments.

The Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factors of Bullet Tuna Landed at the Tanjung Luar Fishing Port, Indonesia

HighlightBullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1810) has been identified (measured, weighed) and analyzed.The resource status of bullet tuna has been estimated based on body shape and age group.LWR curve is implemented to describe and express the age group of bullet tuna (immature, adult/mature, old)This study has resulted the composition and ratio of bullet tuna that is suitable to be caught, fit for consumption and worthy of maturationAbstractBullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1810) or tongkol lisong (Indonesian) is important for human consumption and health as well as an income source for fishers and coastal communities. Its utilization problems are over exploitation, catch domination by immature groups, and the threatened stock security of the bullet tuna (BLT). This research aimed to determine the status of the prospective parent of bullet tuna caught in the Lesser Sunda region, particularly from the Alas Strait to the Indian Ocean, West Nusa Tenggara (WNT). Meanwhile, the data were collected from July to September 2020 (2nd transitional season) at the Tanjung Luar Fishing Port, East Lombok and a dependent survey method was adopted with sampling, interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Fork length and body weight data were used to estimate the length and weight relationship, growth pattern, condition factor, fish age group, and catch worth. The primary and secondary data were processed quantitatively using several equations. The growth pattern of bullet tuna was minor allometric (b = 2.875), worth selling (K > 1.00), and the majority was adult fish or mature group. The LWR model is . This condition indicates the bullet tuna is worth catching and worth spawning, so that it is eligible to be a potential broodstock candidate to support a sustainable management of BLT fisheries. Furthermore, fishers have applied the code of conduct for responsible fisheries (CCRF) in supporting the sustainable development goals.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG ALAT KONTRASEPSI KB SUNTIK DENGAN TERJADINYA PENAMBAHAN BERAT BADAN IDEAL IBU DI DI POLINDES PONJANAN

One attempt to tackle the population problem is to follow the family planning program intended to help couples and individuals in reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies and reduce the incidence of high-risk pregnancy, illness and death, making service quality, affordable, acceptable and easily available to everyone in need, improve the quality of advice, communication, education, counseling and services improve health. This study aims is to analyze the mother's knowledge about contraception KB syringe with the ideal maternal weight gain in the working area of ​​the health center Polindes Ponjanan Batumarmar Pamekasan. This study is the type used is the Analytic Correlation is a research study to find the facts and the correct interpretation of test results processed with statistical sampling using probability sampling methods with the type of simple random sampling as many as 69 people. As a variable in this study is the mother of knowledge about birth control injections with the addition of ideal body weight. Data is collected using a questionnaire, then the data analyzed in the frequency table for each variable, followed by using Spearman correlation test. Based on the results of a study of 69 mothers data showed that most mothers who have poor knowledge about contraception as much as 46,38% KB injection, while those experiencing weight gain as much as 69,57%. From these results we can conclude that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge about contraception KB syringe with weight gain in the working area of ​​the village health center Ponjanan Batumarmar Pamekasan 2012. The correlation of test results analisia Spearmans probability values ​​obtained 0.00 <0.05 where Ho is rejected and Ha accepted .. Of the value of the correlation coefficient of -0.677, which means a strong influence in a negative correlation. From these results we can conclude that that means there is a relationship of maternal knowledge tengant KB injectable contraceptives with the addition of ideal body weight. This is because most of the respondents had primary school education level and employment are owned by the housewife. Efforts to do is to education about the benefits and usefulness of contraceptives as well as the negative impact that can be caused by the use of a syringe contraception KB.

Pengaruh pemberian konseling terhadap perubahan indeks massa tubuh anak usia 10-12 tahun

Obesity in childhood can increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). It is also at risk of becoming obese in adulthood. May cause glucose metabolism disorders and degenerative diseases. Besides, obesity in children aged 6-7 years can also reduce intelligence level due to decreased activity and creativity of children, and tend to be lazy due to being overweight. This type of research is a quasi-experimental one-group pre-post test design. The population in this study were all elementary school students in the work area of Puskesmas Andalas. Body Mass Index (BMI) was collected by measuring height and weight using a digital scale and microtoice. Nutrition counselling using leaflet media. Energy intake data collection before and after counselling used the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the 24-hour recall. The researcher collected characteristics data, physical activity data, body weight data, Body Mass Index data using a questionnaire and analysis of differences in BMI before and after the intervention using the dependent sample t-test. The results have a distinction between BMI before and after the intervention. Treatment of obesity in childhood with nutritional balance includes eating a variety of foods, doing physical activity, and regularly monitoring body weight.

Aktivitas Antioksidan Jus Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne) Terhadap Kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Isoniazid

ABSTRAKIsoniazid adalah obat anti tuberkulosis yang digunakan baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi. Penggunaan isoniazid dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan hepatotoksik. Hepatotoksik disebabkan oleh hasil metabolisme isoniazid di hepar berupa hidrazin dan asetilhidrazin. Radikal bebas tersebut yang menyebabkan tingginya reactive oxygen species (ROS) didalam tubuh. Tingginya radikal bebas menyebabkan peningkatan kadar SGPT dan SGOT yang merupakan indikator adanya kerusakan hepar. Tingginya radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dilihat dari paramter MDA. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan eksogen seperti jus stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrinning fitokimia jus stroberi dan pengaruh pemberian jus stroberi terhadap kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi Isoniazid. Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari dengan pembagian kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dosis 3g/kgBB, 6g/kgBB, dan 9g/kgBB. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari 1, hari 15, dan hari 29. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus stroberi dapat menurunkan kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi isoniazid dengan dosis efektif sebesar 3g/kgBB tikus.Kata kunci: Isoniazid; jus stroberi; MDA; SGPT; SGOT;Effect of Strawberry Juice (Fragraria ananassa Duchessne) against SGPT, SGOT and MDA levels in Isoniazide-Induced Wistar Male Rats ABSTRACTIsoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug that is used either as monotherapy or in combination. Prolonged use of isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is caused by the hepatic isoniazid metabolism in the form of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine. These free radicals cause high reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. The high level of free radicals causes an increase in SGPT and SGOT levels, which are indicators of liver damage. The high level of free radicals in the body can be seen from the MDA parameter. This can be overcome by giving exogenous antioxidants such as strawberry juice (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical screening of strawberry juice and the effect of giving strawberry juice on the levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in rats induced by Isoniazid. The treatment was given for 14 days divided into groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, dose of 3g / kg, 6g / kg, and 9g / kg of body weight. Data were collected on day 1, day 15, and day 29. The results of this study concluded that strawberry juice can reduce levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in isoniazid-induced rats with an effective dose of 3 g/kgBW rats.Keywords: Isoniazid; Strawberry juice; MDA; SGPT; SGOT