Design of Experiments for Light Speed Invariance to Moving Observers

The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, which stated that the light velocity is invariant to the motion of the emitter, was well established and directly proven by experiments. Interestingly, the further assumption that the light velocity is independent of the motion of the observer was, arguably, never directly proven by any experiment for a century. This paper proposed the design of two experiments to directly test this assumption, which tried to address some perceived technical difficulty in such experiments. One is to directly measure the light speed as to moving sensors. The experiment setup is designed in such a way that the concerns of time synchronization and dilation can be avoided. Another experiment is to test the isotropy of the light speed to a moving particle in the electromagnetic accelerator by measuring the momentum to acceleration ratio. The experiment result, if positive, will provide direct and solid proof of the assumption. Otherwise, it may imply a need for further investigation. Since the light speed invariance to moving observers is a key assumption of some fundamental physical theory, either way, the experiments will have significant meanings.

Design of experiments for light speed invariance to moving observers

The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, which stated that the light velocity is invariant to the motion of the emitter, was well established and experimentally proven. Interestingly, the further assumption that the light velocity is independent of the motion of the observer was never directly proven by any experiment for a century. This paper proposed the design of two experiments to directly test this assumption. One is to directly measure the light speed as to moving sensors. The experiment setup is designed in such a way that the concerns of time synchronization and dilation can be avoided. Another experiment is to test the isotropy of the light speed to a moving particle in the electromagnetic accelerator by measuring the momentum to acceleration ratio. Since the light speed invariance to observers is a key assumption, the experiment result, if positive, will cover a long-time gap. Otherwise, it may imply a need for further investigation. Either way, the experiments will have significant meanings in physical theory.

Linear electromagnetic accelerator

Over time, the weapons have been based on mechanical energy (bows, catapults) and chemical energy (guns, missiles), however, at the moment, more and more weapons are designed using electromagnetic energy (railgun, coilgun). The focus of this paper is to obtain the desired muzzle velocities of a projectile according to the existent current. In the first part of the paper, the railgun and coilgun design are presented along with their most important advantages. Based on these observations, a new design of an electromagnetic launch system is presented. Next, Maxwell interactive software package was used that applies the finite element method (FEM) to analyze and solve 3D electromagnetic field problems in order to analyze the variation of acceleration force, speed in time. All simulation data shows that this design has a great potential, because of the adaptability to different applications.

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ACCELERATOR OF THE MASSES OF GAUSS

The types of Gauss mass accelerators are considered. Formulas for calculating a Gaussian gun are presented. The difficulties of using a Gauss gun are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of using a Gauss gun are presented.

Исследование рельсового электромагнитного источника плазменной струи

The study of elements of rail electromagnetic accelerator (railgun), aimed at studying the mechanism of formation of the dense and free from impurities plasma jet with high kinetic energy is presented. The accelerator was tested with pulsed gas inlet, different shape and length of electrodes, as well as with an additional magnetic field created by external conductors with current. The method controlling of plasma jet parameters on test bench with the use of pressure sensor and infrared video camera was developed. The dependence of the pressure of deuterium plasma flow on distance to the accelerator was investigated. The kinetic energy of the jet was estimated.

The Demonstration Model of an Electromagnetic Accelerator Gun

These days a lot can be heard about special weapons which accelerate the projectile not based on the traditional, chemical energy release, but providing the muzzle velocity with the help of electromagnets. In English terminology, many descriptions can be read about these devices, referred to as “coilgun”. There are so many hobbyist and amateurs who make these devices [1,2] and publish their results on the internet [3,4]. The purpose of the project is dual. On one hand, features, advantages, disadvantages and the limits of the electromagnetically accelerated weapons can be found by building an experimental tool. On the other hand, it was intended to point out the fact that anybody can build such a tool using commercially available commercial components. Although the muzzle energy of the device presented in this paper is not more than 6.8J, but it can cause serious injury. The paper also points out that in a similar way, still not using special components, a weapon can be made with a larger (10-20J) muzzle energy.