scholarly journals Design of experiments for light speed invariance to moving observers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Acceleration Ratio ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
Electromagnetic Accelerator

The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, which stated that the light velocity is invariant to the motion of the emitter, was well established and experimentally proven. Interestingly, the further assumption that the light velocity is independent of the motion of the observer was never directly proven by any experiment for a century. This paper proposed the design of two experiments to directly test this assumption. One is to directly measure the light speed as to moving sensors. The experiment setup is designed in such a way that the concerns of time synchronization and dilation can be avoided. Another experiment is to test the isotropy of the light speed to a moving particle in the electromagnetic accelerator by measuring the momentum to acceleration ratio. Since the light speed invariance to observers is a key assumption, the experiment result, if positive, will cover a long-time gap. Otherwise, it may imply a need for further investigation. Either way, the experiments will have significant meanings in physical theory.

scholarly journals Design of Experiments for Light Speed Invariance to Moving Observers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Acceleration Ratio ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Electromagnetic Accelerator

The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, which stated that the light velocity is invariant to the motion of the emitter, was well established and directly proven by experiments. Interestingly, the further assumption that the light velocity is independent of the motion of the observer was, arguably, never directly proven by any experiment for a century. This paper proposed the design of two experiments to directly test this assumption, which tried to address some perceived technical difficulty in such experiments. One is to directly measure the light speed as to moving sensors. The experiment setup is designed in such a way that the concerns of time synchronization and dilation can be avoided. Another experiment is to test the isotropy of the light speed to a moving particle in the electromagnetic accelerator by measuring the momentum to acceleration ratio. The experiment result, if positive, will provide direct and solid proof of the assumption. Otherwise, it may imply a need for further investigation. Since the light speed invariance to moving observers is a key assumption of some fundamental physical theory, either way, the experiments will have significant meanings.

scholarly journals Design of experiments for light-speed invariance to moving observers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Acceleration Ratio ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
Fundamental Physical

Abstract The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light, which stated that the light velocity is invariant to the motion of the emitter, was well established and directly proven by many experiments. Interestingly, the further assumption that the light velocity is also independent of the motion of the observer was, arguably, never conclusively proven by any experiment for a century. This paper tried to address some perceived technical difficulties in such experiments and proposed two experiments to test this assumption. One is to directly measure the light speed as to moving sensors, with the setup designed in such a way that the concerns of time synchronization and dilation can be avoided. Another experiment is to test the isotropy of the light speed to a high-speed particle by measuring the momentum to acceleration ratio. The experiment results, if positive, will provide direct proof of the assumption. Otherwise, it may imply a need for further investigation. Since the light speed invariance to moving observers is a key assumption of some fundamental physical theory, either way, the experiments will have significant importance.

Correcting the Mistake of the Principle of Light Velocity Invariance and its Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 2287-2290
Author(s):  
Zi Hua Zhang ◽  
Hua An Zhang ◽  
Zhi Ying Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Transformation ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
New Time

we pointed out the idea of Einstein, light speed is independent of the observer i.e. The principle of light speed invariance is incorrect. Instead of Lorentz Transformation we suggested a new time-space transformation, this revision of the Relativity will deeply effect the development of Science and Technology.

Multi-Resolution MPS Method for Free Surface Flows

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 1641018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan Tang ◽  
Youlin Zhang ◽  
Decheng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Free Surface Flows ◽  
Surface Flows ◽  
Mps Method ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
Dam Breaking

A multi-resolution moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is applied into two-dimensional (2D) free surface flows based on our in-house particle solver MLParticle-SJTU in the present work. Considering the effect of different size particles, both the influence radiuses of two adjacent particles are replaced by the arithmetic mean of their interaction radiuses. Then the modifications for kernel function of differential operator models are derived, respectively. In order to validate the present multi-resolution MPS method, two cases are carried out. Firstly, a hydrostatic case is performed. The results show that the contour of pressure field by multi-resolution MPS is quite in agreement with that by single resolution MPS. Especially, the multi-resolution MPS can still provide a relative smooth pressure together with the single resolution MPS in the vicinity of the interface between the high resolution and low resolution particles. For a long time simulation, the kinetic energy of particles by multi-resolution MPS can decrease quickly to the same level as that of single resolution MPS. In addition, a 2D dam breaking flow is simulated and the multi-resolution case can run stably during the whole simulation. The pressure by the multi-resolution MPS is in agreement with experimental data together with single resolution MPS. The contour of pressure field by the former is also similar to that by the later. Finally, the simulation by multi-resolution MPS is as accurate as the traditional MPS with fine particles distributed in the whole domain and the corresponding CPU time can be reduced.

scholarly journals Did Credit Rating Agencies Make Unbiased Assumptions on CDOs?

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Griffin ◽  
Dragon Yongjun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Credit Rating Agencies ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
Rating Agency ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Gap

We compare key CDO assumptions from two departments within the same rating agency but with different financial incentives. Assumptions made by the ratings division are more favorable than those by the surveillance department. The differences are not explained by collateral switching during the ramp-up period, a long time gap between reports, nor the collapse of the CDO market in 2007 Additionally, CDOs rated with more favorable assumptions by the ratings group were more likely to be subsequently downgraded. As the useful signals from the surveillance group were seemingly ignored, these findings suggest rating agencies bias towards high ratings.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Geopolymer Mix Design Applying the Design of Experiments Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sergio Copetti Callai ◽  
Piergiorgio Tataranni ◽  
Cesare Sangiorgi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mining Residues

The use of waste materials in road construction is becoming widely spread due to economic and environmental needs. Construction and demolition waste materials and mining residues have been studied for a long time. However, the use of fine materials, mainly from mine tailing and mining residue, is still complex, as they can be used as inert materials into the mix or can become a reactive agent in geopolymer mixes. In the present paper, an experimental application of basalt powder is proposed in the geopolymerisation reaction to produce artificial aggregates. In order to understand the input and output variables’ interactions used in the mix design, a statistical method called Design of Experiments was applied. With this design approach, it was possible to optimize the mix design of the experimental geopolymer mortars. The study evaluated several mixes with respect to their workability, compressive strength, and success rate of aggregates production. Finally, a model for predicting compressive strength is proposed and evaluated.

scholarly journals Asymmetry theory derived from the principle of constant light speed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equations ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Twin Paradox ◽  
Galilean Transformation ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Mathematical Explanations ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Definition Of

“The principle of the constancy of the velocity of light” was well established, while the further assumption that the light velocity is independent of the motion of the observer was never directly proven by any experiment. Based solely on this principle without any unproven assumptions, a comprehensive theoretic framework of the electrodynamics of moving bodies, named “Asymmetry Theory”, is derived purely through strict mathematics. A formula of the light velocity was mathematically derived, which is proven by the Sagnac effect and provides mathematical explanations for one-way light speed measurement, stellar aberration, and the M-M experiment. Other mathematically derived results include:1. A formula for observed “time dilation”, which resolves the “twin paradox”.2. Doppler Effect is simply a phenomenon of observed “time dilation” and one general formula covers traditional and transverse Doppler Effects, cosmological redshift, and time-varying velocities.3. Lorentz force law is invariant under Galilean transformation, with the correct definition of velocity following Barnett’s experiment explanation.4. A generalized form of Maxwell wave equations derived from the original equations, which is covariant under Galilean transformation. 5. The electrodynamics including particle acceleration and Mass-Energy relationship. Asymmetry Theory is comprehensive, self-consistent and in harmony with all existing experiments. It provides straightforward and mathematical explanations of key phenomenon without any paradox. Furthermore, Maxwell’s equations provide it the theoretic base and proof. Based on its predictions, two experiment designs are proposed for further conclusive confirmation.

Medicine characteristics affecting the time to guidance publication by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the single technology appraisal process

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Takada ◽  
Mamoru Narukawa
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Single Technology Appraisal ◽  
Appraisal Process ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Orphan Medicinal Products ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Objective In England, the time gap between marketing authorization (MA) and guidance publication by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) can limit patients’ access to new medicines. In this study, our aim was to identify medicine characteristics associated with the long time gap between MA and guidance publication and explore the influencing factors. Methods We identified 116 single technology appraisals from 2016 to 2020 using publicly available data, and extracted information on the year of appraisal completion, application type, experiences of similar appraisals, orphan medicinal products (OMPs), cancer medicines, and accelerated assessment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations between the medicine characteristics and key time periods related to health technology assessment and MA processes. Results OMPs were associated with a long period between MA and guidance publication. Specifically, OMPs and cancer medicines were associated with slow guidance publication after the final scope (FS) development. However, there was no association between OMPs and the period between validation of MA application and FS development. Non-double-blinded randomized clinical trials and the use of comparators not specified in the FS were associated with slow guidance publication after the FS development. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that OMPs are associated with a longer period between MA and guidance publication by the NICE than non-OMPs; this may be attributed to the slow guidance publication after the FS development. These findings indicate the necessity to shorten the appraisal process for OMPs.

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